Gutierrez
(1) Illegal composition or proceedings of the board of canvassers; (2) The canvassed election returns are incomplete, contain material defects, appear
Grounds
Frauds or irregularities in the casting and counting of the ballots, or in the preparation of the returns (Samad v. COMELEC, supra) Electoral frauds,
(1) Ineligibility; (2) Disloyalty to the Republic of the Philippines (Section 253)
disqualification may be disqualified from continuing as a candidate. (Section 1 of Rule 25, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices) (See Sections 68 and 12, OEC)
hour fixed by law for the closing of the voting, or after the voting and during the preparation and the transmission of the election returns or in the custody of canvass thereof, such election results in a failure to elect, and in any of such cases the failure or suspension of election would affect the result of the election (Section 2 of Rule 26, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices) (See Section 6, OEC)
to be tampered with or falsified, or contain discrepancies in the same returns or in other authentic copies thereof as mentioned in Sections 233, 234, 235 and 236 of this Code; (3) The election returns were prepared under duress, threats, coercion, or intimidation, or they are obviously manufactured or not authentic; and (4) When substitute or fraudulent returns in controverted polling places were canvassed, the results of which materially affected the standing of the aggrieved candidate or candidates. (See Section 243, OEC) Any candidate or by any registered political party, organization, or coalition of political parties (Section 1 of Rule 27, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices) (1) Board of Canvassers; or (2) Directly with COMELEC Division
anomalies or irregularities in the protested precincts. (Section 11 of Rule 2, Supreme Court Rules of Procedure in Election Contests)
Where filed
Any citizen of voting age or a duly registered political party, organization, or coalition or political parties (Section 1 of Rule 23, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices) Law Department of the Commission (Section 1 of Rule 23, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices)
Any citizen of voting age, or duly registered political party, organization or coalition of political parties (Section 2 of Rule 25, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices) Law Department of the Commission (Section 2 of Rule 25, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices)
Any interested party (Section 2 of Rule 26, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices)
Any candidate who has duly filed a certificate of candidacy and has been voted for the same office (Sections 250-252, OEC)
COMELEC En Banc
(1) If contest involves any Member of the House of Representative or any regional, provincial, or city, COMELEC Division (Section 250, OEC (2) If the contest involves a municipal officer, proper Regional Trial Court (Section 251, OEC) (3) If the contest involves a barangay officer, proper Municipal or
(1) If the petition involves any Member of the House of Representatives or any regional, provincial, or city, COMELEC Division (2) If the petition involves any municipal or barangay officer, proper Regional Trial Court or Municipal Trial Court, respectively (Section 253, OEC)
Metropolitan Trial Court (Section 252, OEC) Verified Petition How filed Heard summarily after due notice Verified petition Heard summarily after due notice Verified Petition After due notice and hearing (1) Motu proprio (2) Upon written petition, After due notice and hearing Any time before proclamation Except if petition for correction, which must be filed not later than 5 days following the date of proclamation (Section 5(b) of Rule 27, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices) (See Grounds, above) Verified Petition with Certification against Forum Shopping (Section 7 of Rule 2, Supreme Court Rules of Procedure in Election Contests) Within 10 days after the proclamation of the results of the election Sworn Petition (Section 7 of Rule 2, Supreme Court Rules of Procedure in Election Contests) Within 10 days after the proclamation of the results of the election
Within five (5) days following the last day for the filing of certificate of candidacy (Section 2 of Rule 23, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices)
Any day after the last day for filing of certificates of candidacy but not later than the date of proclamation (Section 3 of Rule 25, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices)
(1) the position involved; (2) the date of proclamation; and (3) the number of votes credited to the parties per proclamation. An election protest shall also state: (4) the total number of precincts of the municipality or the barangay concerned; (5) the protested precincts and votes of the parties in the protested precincts per the Statement of Votes By Precinct or, if the votes of the parties are not specified, an explanation why the votes are not specified; and (6) a detailed specification of the acts or omissions complained of showing the electoral frauds, anomalies or
(1) the position involved; (2) the date of proclamation; and (3) the number of votes credited to the parties per proclamation. An election protest shall also state: (4) the total number of precincts of the municipality or the barangay concerned; (5) the protested precincts and votes of the parties in the protested precincts per the Statement of Votes By Precinct or, if the votes of the parties are not specified, an explanation why the votes are not specified; and (6) a detailed specification of the acts or omissions complained of showing the electoral frauds, anomalies or
irregularities in the protested precincts. (Section 11 of Rule 2, Supreme Court Rules of Procedure in Election Contests) A party aggrieved by a ruling of the Board of Canvassers shall, within forty-eight hours from receipt of a copy of the ruling of the Board of Canvassers, file with the Board a written and verified Notice of Appeal; and within an inextendible period of five (5) days, he shall file his appeal to the Commission. (Section 10 of Rule 27, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices) (1) For contests involving a barangay officer, Regional Trial Court within 10 days from the receipt of the decision of the Municipal Trial Court (2) Within five (5) days after promulgation of the decision of the court, the aggrieved party may file with said court a notice of appeal, and serve a copy thereof upon the attorney of record of the adverse party. (Section 2 of Rule 22, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices)
irregularities in the protested precincts. (Section 11 of Rule 2, Supreme Court Rules of Procedure in Election Contests) Within five (5) days after promulgation of the decision of the court, the aggrieved party may file with said court a notice of appeal, and serve a copy thereof upon the attorney of record of the adverse party. (Section 2 of Rule 22, Rules Governing Pleadings, Practice, Procedure before the COMELEC or any of its Offices)
Appeal