|
.
|
\
|
+ =
o
o t
t
m rms
V V
For R-L load continuous conduction:
1. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is o
t
cos
2
m
dc
V
V =
2. RMS output voltage V
rms
is
s
m
rms
V
V
V = =
2
For RL load discontinuous conduction:
3. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is ) cos (cos | o
t
=
m
dc
V
V
4. RMS output voltage V
rms
is
2
1
2
2
2 sin
2
2 sin
2
(
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
o |
o |
t
m
rms
V
V
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
14
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R-L LOAD
Model graph for R-L Load with continuous conduction
( = 30 , R=100 , L=200mH)
Model graph for R-L Load with discontinuous conduction
( = 90 , R=100 , L=200mH)
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
15
General Formula:
5. Rectification efficiency
2
2
%
rms
dc
V
V
=
6. Form factor
dc
rms
V
V
FF =
7. Peak inverse voltage
m
V PIV =
8. Ripple factor 1
2
= FF RF
Where
m
V = maximum or peak voltage in volts =
s
V 2
s
V = Supply voltage in volts
= Firing angle
= Extinction angle
= Conduction angle = -
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram for R load
2. Switch on the triggering kit
3. Switch on the 230 V AC supply
4. Switch on the debounce logic
5. By varying potentiometer vary the firing angle of the converter in order to vary the
output voltage step by step.
6. For each step note down the firing angle, output voltage and load current.
7. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step and the readings are
tabulated.
8. Repeat the same procedure for RL load.
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
16
Tabulation for R load:
V
s
= R=
S.No. Firing Angle
in degree
I
dc
Measured
in milliamps
V
dc
Measured
in volts
V
dc
Calculated
in volts
V
rms
Calculated
in volts
Tabulation for RL load:
V
s
= R= L= =
S.No. Firing Angle
in degree
I
dc
Measured
in milliamps
V
dc
Measured
in volts
V
dc
Calculated
in volts
V
rms
Calculated
in volts
Continuous conduction
Discontinuous conduction
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
17
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is inversion mode of operation?
2. When we connect a freewheeling diode in full converter, what will be the output?
3. Why the inversion mode is not possible in semi converter?
4. Why the power factor of full converter is lower than semi converter?
5. What is,, and ?
RESULT:
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
18
SINGLE PHASE AC TO DC HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R LOAD
Model graph for R Load
( = 30 , R=100 )
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
19
SINGLE PHASE AC TO DC HALF CONTROLLED CONVERTER
AIM:
(i) To study the operation of single phase semi converter with R and R-L loads for
continuous and discontinuous conduction modes.
(ii) Also find the performance parameters (Rectification efficiency, form factor,
peak inverse voltage and ripple factor)
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 SCR module with protection TYN612 600V,12A 2
2 Diode module with protection BY126 - 3
3 SCR Triggering Kit - - 1
4 Battery - 12V 1
5 Ammeter MC (0-500) mA 1
6 Voltmeter MC (0-30) V 1
7 CRO - - 1
8 CRO Brobe - - 1
9 Patch Cards - - 10
FORMULA USED:
For R and RL load continuous & discontinuous conduction:
1. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is ) cos 1 ( o
t
+ =
m
dc
V
V
2. RMS output voltage is V
rms
2
1
2
2 sin
2
1
(
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
o
o t
t
m rms
V V
General Formula:
3. Rectification efficiency
2
2
%
rms
dc
V
V
= q
4. Form factor
dc
rms
V
V
FF =
5. Peak inverse voltage
m
V PIV =
6. Ripple factor 1
2
= FF RF
Where
m
V = maximum or peak voltage in volts =
s
V 2
s
V = Supply voltage in volts
o = Firing angle
| = Extinction angle
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
20
= Conduction angle = -
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR R-L LOAD
Model graph for R-L Load with continuous conduction
( = 30 , R=100 , L=100mH)
Model graph for R-L Load with discontinuous conduction
( = 90 , R=100 , L=100mH)
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
21
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram for RL load
2. Switch on the triggering kit
3. Switch on the 230V AC supply
4. Switch on the debounce logic
5. By varying potentiometer vary the firing angle of the converter in order to vary the
output voltage step by step.
6. For each step note down the firing angle, output voltage and load current.
7. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step and the readings are
tabulated.
8. Repeat the same procedure for RL load.
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
22
Tabulation for R load:
V
s
= R=
S.No. Firing Angle
in degree
I
dc
Measured
in milliamps
V
dc
Measured
in volts
V
dc
Calculated
in volts
V
rms
Calculated
in volts
Tabulation for RL load:
S.No. Firing Angle
in degree
I
dc
Measured
in milliamps
V
dc
Measured
in volts
V
dc
Calculated
in volts
V
rms
Calculated
in volts
Continuous conduction
Discontinuous conduction
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
23
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is power electronics?
2. What are the types of converter in power electronics?
3. What is firing angle?
4. What is active load?
5. Why the negative voltage is not possible in semi converter?
6. What is freewheeling diode?
7. Is a separate freewheeling diode necessary for semi converter? Justify your answer.
RESULT:
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
24
STEP DOWN MOSFET BASED CHOPPER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
25
STEP DOWN MOSFET BASED CHOPPER
AIM:
To study the waveform for MOSFET based step down chopper for different load
for continuous and discontinuous conduction modes.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 MOSFET Module IRF 840 - 1
2 Ammeter MC (0-500mA) 1
3 Voltmeter MC (0-30V) 1
4 Rheostat - - 1
5 RPS - (0-30V) 1
6 CRO - - 1
7 CRO Probe - - 1
8 Patch cards - - -
FORMULA USED:
1. Average dc output voltage V
dc
is
s dc
V V =
2. RMS output voltage V
rms
is
s rms
V V =
Where:
= Duty cycle of the chopper
T
T
ON
=
T
ON
= on time
T = Total time
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the RPS and turn on triggering kit
3. Switch on the debounce logic
4. By changing the width of the pulse, obtain the different set of reading.
5. For each step note down the duty cycle, output voltage and load current and
tabulate it.
6. The output voltage is theoretically calculated.
7. Draw the graph as per the reading in the table.
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
26
TABULATION:
V
s
= T=
S.No. T
ON
in
ms
=
T
T
ON
I
dc
(Avg)
Measured
in mA
V
dc
(Avg)
Measured
in volts
V
dc
(Avg)
Calculated
in volts
s dc
V V =
1
2
3
4
5
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
27
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is chopper and what are the devices generally used for chopper?
2. What are the types of chopper?
3. What is step down chopper?
4. What are the control strategies used for choppers?
5. Why frequency modulation is not preferred mostly?
6. Why thyristor is not preferred in chopper circuit mostly?
RESULT:
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
28
STEP UP MOSFET BASED CHOPPER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Model graph for step up operation
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
29
STEP UP MOSFET BASED CHOPPER
AIM:
To study the waveform for MOSFET based step up chopper for different load for
continuous and discontinuous conduction modes.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 MOSFET Module IRF 840 - 1
2 Ammeter MC (0-500mA) 1
3 Voltmeter MC (0-30V) 1
4 Rheostat - - 1
5 RPS - (0-30V) 1
6 Diode Py 127 - 1
7 Inductor Ferrite core 100mH 1
8 CRO - - 1
9 CRO Probe - - 1
10 Patch cards - - -
FORMULA USED:
Average dc output voltage V
dc
is
( )
=
1
s
dc
V
V
Where:
= Duty cycle of the chopper
T
T
ON
=
T
ON
= on time
T = Total time
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the RPS and turn on triggering kit
3. Switch on the debounce logic
4. By changing the width of the pulse, obtain the different set of reading.
5. For each step note down the duty cycle, output voltage and load current and
tabulate it.
6. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step.
7. Draw the graph as per the reading in the table.
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
30
TABULATION:
V
s
= T=
S.No. T
ON
in
ms
=
T
T
ON
I
dc
(Avg)
Measured
in mA
V
dc
(Avg)
Measured
in volts
V
dc
(Avg)
Calculated
in volts
( )
=
1
s
dc
V
V
1
2
3
4
5
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
31
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is chopper and what are the devices generally used for chopper?
2. What are the types of chopper?
3. What is step up chopper?
4. What are the control strategies used for choppers?
5. Why frequency modulation is not preferred mostly?
6. Why thyristor is not preferred in chopper circuit mostly?
RESULT:
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
32
IGBT BASED SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
33
IGBT BASED SINGLE PHASE PWM INVERTER
AIM:
To study the operation of single-phase bridge inverter with sinusoidal pulse width
modulation with R load.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 IGBT Module - - 1
2 Inverter control module - - 1
3 CRO - - 1
4 Ammeter MI (0-5A) 1
5 Voltmeter MI (0-300V) 1
6 Patch cards - - -
FORMULA USED:
1. Modulation index (m)
is m = A
r
/ Ac
2. Output voltage V
0
= m Vs
Where
A
r
= Amplitude of reference signal
A
c
= Amplitude of carrier signal
V
s
= Source voltage
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
34
Model graph
Sinusoidal Pulse width modulation
Voltage and current waveforms
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
35
Precaution:
1. Check whether AC main switch is off condition in both the trainer.
2. Check whether control module mode selector switch is in first position (Sine
wave).
3. Check whether control module pulse release switch SW4 in control module is off
position.
4. Check whether 24V AC switch is in off position.
Procedure:
1. Make the connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the AC main in both the trainer.
3. Measure the amplitude and frequency of sine wave and carrier triangular wave
and tabulate it. Also adjust sine wave frequency to 50Hz.
4. Connect CRO probe to observe the load voltage and load current waveform.
5. Release the switch SW4 in the inverter control module and switch SW1 in the
IGBT power module.
6. Measure the output voltage.
7. Using the amplitude POT to vary step by step, for each step note down the
amplitude and frequency of sine wave and triangular waveform and also
measure the output voltage and tabulate it.
8. Then find the theoretical output voltage by using the formula.
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
36
Tabulation:
V
s
=
S.No. Amplitude
of carrier
triangular
wave
(A
c
) in
volts
Amplitude
of
reference
sine wave
(A
r
) in
volts
Modulation
index
m= A
r
/A
c
I
0
Measured
in Amps
V
0
Measured
in Volts
V
0
Calculated
in Volts
V
0
= m X V
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
37
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is inverter?
2. Why we go for PWM?
3. What are the different types of PWM?
4. What is modulation index and what are the types?
5. What are the advantages of IGBT?
RESULT:
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
38
SERIES RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER
(ZERO CURRENT SWITCHING)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MODEL GRAPH:
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
39
SERIES RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER
(ZERO CURRENT SWITCHING)
AIM:
To determine the voltage and current wave form of series resonant dc-dc
converter (Zero current switching).
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 Resonant converter module VPET-315 - 1
2 Ammeter MC (0-2) A 1
3 Voltmeter MC (0-30) V 1
4 CRO - - 1
5 CRO Brobe - - 1
6 Patch Cards - - 10
FORMULA USED:
Frequency
T
f
1
= Hz
Where:
T= Time
f = Frequency
PRECAUTIONS:
Initially keep the frequency adjustment POT in minimum position
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Initially keep frequency adjustment POT in minimum position.
3. Switch on the main supply
4. Connect the P Pin connector from PWM output and PWM input\
5. Connect the banana connector P
10
to P
4
, P
8
to P
11
6. Connect the current sensing resistor (1 / 20 W) across the banana connector P
2
to P
3
.
7. The voltmeter is connected across P
5
and P
12
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
40
TABULATION:
S.No. Time (ms)
Switching
Frequency
(KHz)
Output
Voltage (V)
Output
Current (A)
1
2
3
4
5
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
41
8. Connected the R load across P
5
and P
12
through ammeter.
9. Adjust the frequency POT and set switching frequency 40KHz.
10. Connect the CRO across the connector T1 (+) and ground. Another channel is
connected to P
2
(+), P
3
(-)
11. Now observe the switch voltage and current wave.
12. Similarly observe the switch voltage and current waveform for various switching
frequency.
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is resonance?
2. What is the condition for resonance?
3. What are the advantages of resonant converter?
4. What is soft switching?
5. What types of resonant converter?
6. What is zero current switching?
7. What is zero voltage switching?
RESULT:
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
42
PARALLEL RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER
(ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHING)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
MODEL GRAPH:
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
43
PARALLEL RESONANT DC-DC CONVERTER
(ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHING)
AIM:
To determine the voltage and current wave form of parallel resonant dc-dc
converter (Zero voltage switching).
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No. Name of the item Type Range Quantity
1 Resonant converter module VPET-315 - 1
2 Ammeter MC (0-2) A 1
3 Voltmeter MC (0-30) V 1
4 CRO - - 1
5 CRO Brobe - - 1
6 Patch Cards - - 10
FORMULA USED:
Frequency
T
f
1
= Hz
Where:
T= Time
f = Frequency
PRECAUTIONS:
Initially keep the frequency adjustment POT in minimum position
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Initially keep frequency adjustment POT in minimum position.
3. Switch on the main supply
4. Connect the 9 Pin connector from PWM output and PWM input\
5. Connect the banana connector P
10
to P
4
, P
8
to P
11
6. Connect the current sensing resistor (1 / 20 W) across the banana connector P
2
to P
3
.
7. The voltmeter is connected across P
5
and P
12
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
44
TABULATION:
S.No. Time (ms)
Switching
Frequency
(KHz)
Output
Voltage (V)
Output
Current (A)
1
2
3
4
5
EE1303-Power Electronics Lab Manual
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
45
8. Connected the R load across P
5
and P
12
through ammeter.
9. Adjust the frequency POT and set switching frequency 40KHz.
10. Connect the CRO across the connector T1 (+) and ground. Another channel is
connected to P
2
(+), P
3
(-)
11. Now observe the switch voltage and current wave.
12. Similarly observe the switch voltage and current waveform for various switching
frequency.
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is resonance?
2. What is the condition for resonance?
3. What are the advantages of resonant converter?
4. What is soft switching?
5. What types of resonant converter?
6. What is zero current switching?
7. What is zero voltage switching?
RESULT: