LEARNING OUTCOMES: To understand the importance of present perfect as grammar structure for communicative learning. To comprehend the time to make use of it. To make the correctly use of this grammar structure. To perform different activities using this grammar structure.
INTRODUCTION The following grammar structure has as a purpose to promote the correctly use in daily life, in the way that people can learn it to survive in the communicative process. This grammar structure is so important, as well as others grammatical structure, but in English language communication there are several ways where it must be apply it.
The present perfect tense is a rather important tense in English, but it gives speakers of some languages a difficult time. That is because it uses concepts or ideas that do not exist in those languages. In fact, the structure of the present perfect tense is very simple. The problems come with the use of the tense.
In here, people are going to find the way to learn it using easy activities where it shows how to use it, when to use it, and the correctly way to use it. So, there is no excuse to perform this grammatical structure for getting a good communication.
For this reason, the following cognitive learning text, will allow you how to know everything about this grammar structure and why its importance must be considered in communicative language.
Here are some examples of the present perfect tense: Subject Affirmative Affirmative Negative negative Question Question I You She We Have Have Auxiliary Verb have have has have you they not not Main Verb seen eaten been played finished? done it? ET. an Apple pie. to Rome. football.
Contractions with the present perfect tense When we use the present perfect tense in speaking, we usually contract the subject and auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this when we write. I have You have He has She has It has John has The car has We have They have I've You've He's She's It's John's The car's We've They've
Connection with past: the event was in the past. Connection with present: in my head, now, I have a memory of the event; I know something about the event; I have experience of it.
John has broken his leg. past + Yesterday John had a good leg. present Now he has a bad leg. future
Has the price gone up? past + Was the price $1.50 yesterday? present Is the price $1.70 today? future
The police have arrested the killer. past Yesterday the killer was free. present + Now he is in prison. future
Connection with past: the past is the opposite of the present. Connection with present: the present is the opposite of the past.
It continues up to now.
Connection with past: the situation started in the past. Connection with present: the situation continues in the present.
We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years. We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday. for since
a period of time a point in past time x-----------20 minutes three days 6.15pm Monday
I have been here for 20 minutes. I have been here since 9 o'clock. John hasn't called for 6 months. John hasn't called since February. He has worked in New York for a long time. He has worked in New York since he left school.
WORKSHEET
1. B: 2. I Sam A: Did don't you know. I like (see, in the movie never) San Diego a "Star that week Wars?" movie. ago.
(arrive)
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway. 5. I (have, not) 6. Things (change) (start) only) more 7. I (tell) (wander) working this much fun since I (be) a kid.
a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first here three years ago, the company (have,
to include workers.
him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he off into the forest and (be) bitten by a snake. the bus this morning. You
(be) late to work too many times. You are fired! 9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.
10. How sad! George (dream) but he didn't make it. He (see, never)