Project Report on

ANALYSIS OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDING CONSIDERING EARTHQUAKE AND WIND EFFECT

Research Practice M.E.(Structure Engineering) - Semester II Prepared by: Jay Senjalia (2012H143083) Guided by: Dr. S.N.Patel Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering , Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani,

Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani.

April, 2013
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Abstract

A tall building (skyscraper) is habitable multi-story building, where lateral loads govern its design, i.e. wind load, seismic load. Reinforced concrete multi-storied buildings are very complex to model as structural systems for analysis. The current version of the IS: 1893 2002 requires that practically all multistoried buildings be analyzed as three-dimensional systems. Design wind force can be calculated from IS:875 part-3. This is due to the fact that the buildings have generally irregularities in plan or elevation or in both. It has now indirectly become mandatory to analyze all multistoried buildings in the country for seismic forces as well as wind forces and dominate will be taken as design consideration from this two. Main objective of this project is carrying out a complete analysis of the main structural elements of a multi-storey building (here 10 storey, located at Ahmedabad) including slabs, columns, beams and foundations using Microsoft Excel (VBA Macros), Staad.pro and Matlab programmes. An initiative has been taken to perform wind and seismic analysis as quick as possible by using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which is very time consuming process if done manually. This report presents an example of ten storey building which has been analyzed by MS Excel and Matlab programme and has been verified by Structural software Staad.pro.

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Introduction

Earthquakes are occasional forces on structures that may occur rarely during the lifetime of buildings. It is also likely that a structure may not be subjected to severe earthquake forces during its design lifetime while wind forces are acting at all time so it is necessary to design our structure against lateral acting load whichever is governing. The structure has been designed against lateral loads for stability point of view. Reinforced Concrete Multi-Storied buildings are supposed to be of engineered construction in the sense that they might have been analyzed and designed to meet the provisions of the relevant codes of practice and building bye-laws.

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Table of Contents

Abstract.....................................................................................................................................II Introduction.............................................................................................................................III 1. Setting Structure Layout......................................................................................................1 1.1 Column Layout........................................................................................................5 1.2 Beam Layout...........................................................................................................6 2. Lateral load analysis............................................................................................................7 2.1 Wind load Analysis.................................................................................................7 2.2 Seismic load Analysis............................................................................................11 3. Preparing Staad model......................................................................................................16 3.1 Setting out columns and beam..............................................................................16 3.2 Translating Lay-out...............................................................................................17 3.3 Assigning Section properties and support condition.............................................17 3.4 Defining load cases and assigning loads...............................................................18 3.5 Running Analysis and Post processing..................................................................19 4. Summary and Conclusion..................................................................................................20 5. References...........................................................................................................................20 Annex A...................................................................................................................................21 6. Figures Fig.1 to Fig.12

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1. Setting Structure Lay-out

Finalizing the layout of structural elements in a given architectural plan is first job as a structure engineer. 1.1 Column Lay-out First thing is to locate column in the given plan and that too at appropriate location. Initially dimension of column is taken as 230mm x 750mm. Setting orientation of column in plan plays important role. Columns should be orienting in both direction more or less equally keeping stiffness of structure into consideration. This has been explained into this figure 1.

Fig.1 Shows orientation of columns in both direction Location of column also plays important role. As a architectural consideration columns offset should not be visible till it is possible and to achieve this columns offsets should be hidden into bathroom or storage room at where architecture is not that much important. Considering structural point of view it should be located to achieve optimize cost. For example column in figure 2 can be placed at two location indicated in red and green circle. But placed column is the correct choice as the secondary beam is falling on main beam at its end which cause sagging moment and will reduce deflection of main beam at centre. While in other case if column is placed at red marked circle main beam will become heavier as span of beam will

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get increased as well as load from secondary beam will act as point load in between onto main beam. Thus to avoid unnecessary increase in cost first option is preferable.

Fig 2 Shows correct location of column marked as green circle.

1.2 Beam Lay-out After columns has been oriented beams lay-out should be done such that maximum beams lies on columns and avoid falling of beam onto beam as far as it is possible as shown in figure 3. Here green marked circle indicates beams are falling onto columns while red marked circle indicates beam is falling onto other beam which is also not bad option but as far as it is possible avoid it.

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Fig.3 Shows correct method of laying out beam indicated in green circles

2. Lateral load analysis

Designers for tall buildings must account structural stability for wind load and earthquake. For analysis of lateral load codal provisions need to be followed which is very time consuming and repetitive process so make it easier and quick Excel spread sheets has been prepared which can do analysis for any multi storey building considering IS:875(Part 3) and IS 1893:2002 for wind and earthquake respectively. 2.1 Wind load Analysis There has been a substantial research effort on determination of wind effects on buildings and structures, the world over, during the past couple of decades, thus making available additional information of improved quality. IS: 875 (Part 3) deals with wind loads to be considered when designing buildings, structures and components thereof. 2.1.1 Procedure to estimate wind force Basic wind speed, that depends on the location of structure, Terrain roughness and height of structure and Local topography, can be calculated using following expression. Vz = Vb k1 k2 k3 where, Vz = design wind speed at any height z (m/s),
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Vb= basic wind speed (m/s) k1 = probability factor (risk coefficient), k2 = terrain roughness and height factor, k3 = topography factor. The wind pressure, at any height above mean ground level shall be obtained by the following relationship between wind pressure and wind speed. pz = 0.6 x Vz2 where, pz = wind pressure in N/m2 at height z, Vz = design wind speed in m/s at height z,
The coefficient 0.6 is depends on a number of factors and mainly on the atmospheric pressure and air temperature and chosen based on average Indian atmospheric conditions.

Wind force on structural elements, can be calculated by multiplying wind pressure with coefficient Cf and exposed area Ae. F = Cf x Ae x pz

where, F = wind load acting, Cf = pressure coefficient, Ae = surface area of structural element, pz = design wind pressure.

After finding wind load on member it has to be distributed at connection of beam and column equally and which will act as nodal point load on that particular point. 2.1.2 Building spread sheet
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This excel sheet is prepared using excel macros and contains one macro to do wind analysis of any multi storey building.

Fig. 4 Shows scroll down menu and data to be imputed by user. All the value to be taken by user as input is marked in red text. Scroll down menu will appear after clicking on to read font box as shown in figure 4 and then select appropriate data from given options. All appropriate data regarding structure which has to be analyzed should fill up. Graph is given in sheet 4 to get value of coefficient Cf. 2.1.3 Calculating wind force by running Macros This excel spread sheet contains one macro which has been programmed in VBA. 1) Macro 1: ctrl + f After selecting number of floors, location and other detail regarding building run Macro 1 by pressing ctrl and "f" to run analysis. After running macro 1 it will show analysis result for wind force in both direction wind-"0" and wind-"90" on main screen of excel. All the calculations which has been explained in previous section considering IS 875 part-3 will be done by Visual Basic code which has been written in module 1. This results are in unit of "kN/m" and to get nodal point load this value has to be multiplied by the panel length to get point load adjacent to that panel. Do this type of distribution for all panels which is exposed to wind flow and get cumulative nodal point load on individual connection of beam column which acts in horizontal direction.

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Fig.5 Shows output after running macro 1. 2.1.4 Writing VBA code All the calculation will be done by VBA code which contains one module, which contains one macro. 1) Module 1

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Fig. 6 Shows inserted module and code in Visual Basic window. Module 1 contains Macro 1, which will create cells according to user requirement in which "Seismic weight" and "Mode shapes" data should be given as input. Module 1 contains Macro 1, which will perform analysis according to data, which has been given as input, and will follow wind analysis as per IS875 part-3 and will give effect of wind force in both direction as explained.

2.2 Seismic load Analysis Seismic load analysis can be done by two methods, static as well as dynamic analysis. Dynamic analysis shall be performed to obtain the design seismic force, and its distribution to

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different levels along the height of the building and to the various lateral load resisting elements in following cases, 1) Regular Building: Greater than 40 m height (For zone IV and V) Greater than 90 m height (For zone II and III) 2) Irregular Building: Greater than 12 m height (For zone IV and V) Greater than 40 m height (For zone II and III) For Irregular building lesser than 40 m n height in zone II and III, dynamic analysis even though not mandatory, is recommended. As example our structure is located in Ahmedabad which is in zone III and height of building is 33m so as far as our example is concern dynamic analysis is not necessary but for study point of view both static as well as dynamic analysis has been performed. 2.2.1 Static analysis In static method the design lateral force shall first be computed for the building as a whole. This design lateral force shall then be distributed to the various floor levels. The overall design seismic force thus obtained at each floor level, shall then be distributed to individual lateral load resisting elements depending on the floor diaphragm action. Design Seismic Base Shear, The total design lateral force or design seismic base shear (VB) along any principal direction shall be determined by the following expression, VB = AhW where, Ah = (Z/2)*(I/R)*(Sa/g) Ah = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value using the fundamental natural period Ta. W = Seismic weight of the building, which can be calculated half floor weight from either side of slab level and certain percentage of Live load. Distribution of Design Force, The design base shear (VB) shall be distributed along the height of the building as per the following expression,

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where, Qi = Design lateral force at floor i, Wi = Seismic weight of floor i, hi = Height of floor i measured from base, and n = Number of storeys in the building is the number of levels at which the masses are located.

2.2.1.1 Building Spread sheet and Running Macros Static analysis can be done by prepared Excel spread sheet which contains one macro created in module 1. Seismic weight and other required details to be given as input by user and it will give result after running macros.

Fig.7 Shows output result after running macros. 2.2.2 Dynamic analysis

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Dynamic analysis may be performed either by the Time History Method or by the Response Spectrum Method. However, in either method, the design base shear ( VB ) shall be compared with a base shear (VB) calculated using a fundamental period Ta. Where VB is less than VB all the response quantities (for example member forces, displacements, storey forces, storey shears and base reactions) shall be multiplied by ( V B/ VB). Calculation for this correction can be done in Sheet 6 of Dynamic analysis. 1) Equivalent Static Analysis: Static analysis deals with an estimation of base shear load and its distribution on each story calculated by using formulas given in the code. Tall buildings (over, say, 75 m), where second and higher modes can be important, or buildings with torsional effects, are much less suitable for the method, and require more complex methods to be used in these circumstances. 2) Time History Method: Time history method of analysis, when used, shall be based on an appropriate ground motion and shall be performed using accepted principles of dynamics. 3) Response Spectrum Method: The representation of the maximum response of idealized single degree freedom system having certain time period and damping, during earthquake ground motions. The maximum response plotted against of un-damped natural period and for various damping values and can be expressed in terms of maximum absolute acceleration, maximum relative velocity or maximum relative displacement. For this purpose Response spectrum case of analysis have been performed according to IS 1893:2002.

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2.2.2.1 CQC method Base shear of structure as per IS 1893:2002 can be calculated using Response spectrum analysis using CQC method. To make calculation easier in case of hand calculation we can use SRSS method if modes are not closely spaced but as a part of preparing excel spread sheet there is no need of considering SRSS as all the calculation is done by excel itself here. a) Modal mass (Mk): Modal mass of a structure subjected to horizontal or vertical, as the case maybe, ground motion is a part of the total seismic mass of the structure that is effective in mode k of vibration. The modal mass for a given mode has a unique value irrespective of scaling of the mode shape.

where, g = Acceleration due to gravity, ik = Mode shape coefficient at floor i in mode k, and Wi = Seismic weight of floor i. b) Modal Participation Factors (Pk): Modal participation factor of mode k of vibration is the amount by which mode k contributes to the overall vibration of the structure under horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motions. Since the amplitudes of 95 percent mode shapes can be scaled arbitrarily, the value of this factor depends on the scaling used for mode shapes.

c) Design Lateral Force at Each Floor in Each Mode: The peak lateral force (Qik) at floor i in mode k is given by,

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where, Ak = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value using the natural period of vibration (Tk) of mode k. d) Storey Shear Forces in Each Mode: The peak shear force (Vik) acting in storey i in mode k is given by,

where, Qik = Lateral force at each floor level as calculated. e) Storey Shear Forces due to All Modes Considered: The peak storey shear force (Vi) in storey i due to all modes considered is obtained by combining those due to each mode as per Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) method,

where, r = Number of modes being considered, ij = Cross-modal coefficient, i = Response quantity in mode i (including sign), j = Response quantity in mode j (including sign),

where, = Modal damping ratio (in fraction) = Frequency ratio = j/i, i = Circular frequency in ith mode, j = Circular frequency in jth mode.
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3. Preparing Staad model

STAAD.Pro is a general purpose structural analysis and design structural engineering with applications primarily in the building industry - multi storey buildings, bridges and other complex structures, etc. It is used to help teams improve quality, reduce rework, and meet project deadlines. 3.1 Setting out columns and beam Starting of generating model is done with locating column centre points as nodes in staad window. Coordinates for each nodes can be found out from AutoCAD file or directly AutoCAD file can be imported into staad. Location of columns are shown in figure 8 marked as red colour.

Fig.8 Shows location of column as nodes in staad window. After locating column points beams are added using Add beam node to node command as shown in figure 8 marked as orange colour. Here some beams are not falling exactly on the column rather they are falling on to another beam, this beams are generally called secondary beam. Nodes are added on to main beam to locate secondary beam. this way whole layout of columns and beams are made on to staad window as specified in AutoCAD file. This layout is for only one floor.
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3.2 Translating layout Column and beam layout is for only one floor that need to be translated on to several floor as plan for each floor is same. Entire layout has been translated in Y-Dir at distance of 3m ten times as shown in figure 9.

Fig.9 Shows translated view of layout plan in Y-Dir. 3.3 Assigning Section properties and support condition Define section properties for all elements and assign accordingly to all members. After assigning sectional properties 3D model can be generated which will looks like figure 10.

Fig.10 Shows 3D model of structure.

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3.4 Defining load cases and assigning loads Load cases have been defined such as DL, LL and EQ load. DL consists of each elements self weight and assign UDL for wall load on respective beams. LL will act as pressure load on floors and is been taken as 4 kN/m2. EQ is assigned in both direction X-dir and Y-dir, computed by IS 1893:2002 considering, Location: Ahmedabad (Zone:III) Soil type: Medium soil Type: RCC Special moment resisting frame Damping: 5% Time period: Considering RCC with brickinfills Importance: General building (Residential Building) Load combination should considering during displaying results in post processing. All loads will be look alike as in figure 11.

Fig.11 Shows applied load on structure.

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3.5 Running Analysis and Post processing Run analysis after creating model, assigning support conditions and loads. Go on to post processing mode to see the results which are obtained.

Fig.12 Shows load combination window for which results are to be obtained.
Floor-11 Floor-10 Floor-9 Floor-8 Floor-7 Floor-6 Floor-5 Floor-4 Floor-3 Floor-2 Floor-1 Floor-0 0.00 kN 200.00 kN 400.00 kN 600.00 kN 800.00 kN1000.00 kN 1200.00 kN 1400.00 kN static dynamic

Fig.13 Shows comparison between Equivalent static and dynamic earthquake force. In a comparison of equivalent static earthquake force and dynamic earthquake force it is clear that forces obtained from static method is dominant than that of dynamic case. so in this case provision for IS Code is been satisfied. After load combination is made it will show analysis results and results can also be obtain in form of output file. Output file for performed analysis of this example is attached herewith.
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4. Summary and Conclusion

The basic idea behind the preparation of these spreadsheets and Staad model is to facilitate the teaching process by providing the teacher with a method based on real-time demonstration of concepts and which also empowered students to explore effect of various parameters and variables on the response and forces on structure.

In summary, preparing of this Microsoft Excel Spread Sheets for seismic analysis and wind analysis of multi storey building are found to be fruitful since the calculation time and energy consumed for these analyses using this spreadsheet is very less as compared to manual calculation without loss of accuracy.

5. References
IS 1893_1:2002, criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures IS 875: Part 3, code for practice for design wind load Excel for Scientists and Engineers by E. Joseph Billo Spreadsheets in structural design by S.R.Davies Staad Pro Tutorials by Bentley solutions centre

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Annex A Explanation for Macro 1 and Macro 2 (Dynamic Analysis Sheet) Macro 1:
Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) End Sub Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range) End Sub Sub myforloop1() 'Clear Sheet1.Columns("F").ClearContents Sheet1.Columns("G").ClearContents For i = 1 To 100 Sheet1.Columns(7 + i).ClearContents Next 'Clear 'Column F For i = 1 To Cells(3, 2).Value Cells(i + 4, 6).Value = Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 - i Next Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1, 6) = "Floor-g" 'Column F Cells(4, 6).Value = "Floor Nos" Cells(4, 7).Value = "Seismic Wt of each floor(kN)" Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 2, 7) = "N.F.(rad/sec)" Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 2, 7).Font.Color = RGB(49, 146, 241) Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 2, 7).Font.Bold = True Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 3, 7) = "Time period(sec)" Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 3, 7).Font.Color = RGB(49, 146, 241) Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 3, 7).Font.Bold = True

For i = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value Cells(4, 7 + i).Value = "mode" & i Next 'For i = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value 'Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 3, 7 + i).Value = 2 * 3.143 / Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 2, 7 + i).Value 'Next End Sub 22 | P a g e

Macro 2:
Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) End Sub Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range) End Sub Dim i As Long Dim j As Long Sub myforloop2() 'clear columns For i = 1 To 100 Sheet1.Columns(7 + Cells(3, 4).Value + i).ClearContents 'Sheet1.Columns(7 + Cells(3, 4).Value + i).ClearFormats Next 'clear columns 'Notations Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 4, 7) = "Pk" Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 4, 7).Font.Color = RGB(49, 146, 241) Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 4, 7).Font.Bold = True Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 5, 7) = "Mk(kg)" Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 5, 7).Font.Color = RGB(49, 146, 241) Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 5, 7).Font.Bold = True Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 6, 7) = "Ah" Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 6, 7).Font.Color = RGB(49, 146, 241) Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2) + 1 + 6, 7).Font.Bold = True Cells(4, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1) = "VBi(kN)" 'Cells(4, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1).Font.Color = RGB(53, 157, 65) 'Cells(4, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1).Font.Bold = True Cells(4, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1 + Cells(3, 4).Value + 1) = "Ui(m)" 'Cells(4, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1 + Cells(3, 4).Value + 1).Font.Color = RGB(53, 157, 65) 'Cells(4, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1 + Cells(3, 4).Value + 1).Font.Bold = True 'Notations 'Calculation of Pk and Mk' For i = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value a=0 c=0 e=0 For j = 1 To Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 B = Cells(j + 4, 7).Value * Cells(j + 4, 7 + i).Value 23 | P a g e

a=B+a d = Cells(j + 4, 7).Value * (Cells(j + 4, 7 + i).Value ^ 2) c=d+c Next j Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 4, 7 + i).ClearContents Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 4, 7 + i).Value = (a / c) Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 5, 7 + i).ClearContents Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 5, 7 + i).Value = ((a ^ 2) / (9.81 * c)) * 1000 Next i 'Calculation of Pk and Mk' 'Calculation of Ah' For i = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value Sheets(4).Cells(1, 4).ClearContents Sheets(4).Cells(1, 4).Value = Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 3, 7 + i) Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 6, 7 + i).ClearContents Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 6, 7 + i).Value = (Cells(19, 4).Value / 2) * (Cells(23, 2).Value / Cells(24, 2).Value) * Sheets(4).Cells(6, 4).Value * (Cells(22, 4).Value) Next 'Calculation of Ah' 'Calculation for Qik' For i = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value Cells(4, 7 + Cells(3, 4).Value + (2 * i - 1)) = "Qi" & i & "(kN)" For j = 1 To Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 Cells(4 + j, 7 + Cells(3, 4).Value + (2 * i - 1)).Value = Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 6, 7 + i).Value * Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 4, 7 + i).Value * Cells(4 + j, 7).Value * Cells(4 + j, 7 + i).Value Next j Next i 'Calculation for Qik' 'Calculation for Vik' For i = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value Cells(4, 7 + Cells(3, 4).Value + (2 * i)) = "Vi" & i & "(kN)" a=0 For j = 1 To Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 B = Cells(4 + j, 7 + Cells(3, 4).Value + (2 * i - 1)).Value a=B+a Cells(4 + j, 7 + Cells(3, 4).Value + (2 * i)).Value = a Next j Next i 'Calculation for Vik' 'CQC Method calculation' For k = 1 To Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 For i = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value If i = 1 Then 24 | P a g e

a=0 End If For j = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value B = Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 2, 7 + j) / Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 2, 7 + i) 'p = ((8 * (Cells(22, 2).Value * 0.01) ^ 2 * (1 + B) * B ^ 1.5) / ((1 - B ^ 2) ^ 2 + (4 * (Cells(3, 2).Value * 0.01) ^ 2 * B * (1 + B) ^ 2))) p = (((8) * (Cells(22, 2).Value ^ 2 * 0.01 ^ 2) * (1 + B) * (B ^ 1.5)) / (((1 - B ^ 2) ^ 2) + ((4) * (Cells(22, 2).Value ^ 2 * 0.01 ^ 2) * (B) * ((1 + B) ^ 2)))) 'cells(4+k,7+Cells(3, 4).Value+2*Cells(3, 4).Value+1)=Cells(3, 2).Value c = Cells(4 + k, 7 + Cells(3, 4).Value + 2 * i).Value * p * Cells(4 + k, 7 + Cells(3, 4).Value + 2 * j).Value a=c+a Next j Next i Cells(4 + k, 7 + Cells(3, 4).Value + 2 * Cells(3, 4).Value + 1) = a ^ 0.5 Next k 'CQC Method calculation' 'Calculation for Uik' For i = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value Cells(4, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1 + i).Value = "Ui" & i & "(m)" For j = 1 To Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 Cells(4 + j, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1 + i).Value = (Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 6, 7 + i).Value * Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 4, 7 + i).Value * Cells(4 + j, 7 + i).Value * 9.81) / (Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 2, 7 + i).Value ^ 2) Next j Next i 'Calculation for Uik' 'CQC Method calculation' For k = 1 To Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 For i = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value If i = 1 Then a=0 End If For j = 1 To Cells(3, 4).Value B = Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 2, 7 + j) / Cells(4 + Cells(3, 2).Value + 1 + 2, 7 + i) p = (((8) * (Cells(22, 2).Value ^ 2 * 0.01 ^ 2) * (1 + B) * (B ^ 1.5)) / (((1 - B ^ 2) ^ 2) + ((4) * (Cells(22, 2).Value ^ 2 * 0.01 ^ 2) * (B) * ((1 + B) ^ 2)))) c = Cells(4 + k, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1 + i).Value * p * Cells(4 + k, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1 + j).Value a=c+a Next j Next i Cells(4 + k, 7 + (3 * Cells(3, 4).Value) + 1 + Cells(3, 4).Value + 1) = a ^ 0.5 Next k 'CQC Method calculation' End Sub 25 | P a g e

Explanation for Macro 1 and Macro 2 (Static Analysis Sheet) Macro 1:

Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) End Sub Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range) End Sub Sub myforloop1() For i = 1 To 100 Sheet1.Columns(5 + i).ClearContents Next Cells(4, 6).Value = "Floor Nos" Cells(4, 7).Value = "Seismic Weight(kN)" 'Floor notations For i = 1 To Cells(3, 3).Value Cells(i + 4, 6).Value = Cells(3, 3).Value + 1 - i Next Cells(4 + Cells(3, 3).Value + 1, 6) = "Floor-g" 'Floor notations End Sub

Macro 2:
Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) End Sub Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range) End Sub Sub myforloop2() Sheet1.Columns("H").ClearContents Sheet1.Columns("I").ClearContents Sheet1.Columns("J").ClearContents Sheet1.Columns("K").ClearContents Sheet1.Columns("L").ClearContents Sheet1.Cells(4, 8).Value = "Ht(m)" 'Height calculation' For i = 1 To Cells(3, 3).Value Sheet1.Cells(4 + i, 8).Value = Sheet1.Cells(9, 1).Value - (Sheet1.Cells(6, 1).Value * (i - 1)) Next Sheet1.Cells(4 + Sheet1.Cells(3, 3).Value + 1, 8) = Sheet1.Cells(13, 1).Value 'Height calculation' 26 | P a g e

'Calculation for Sa/g' For i = 1 To 2 If Sheet1.Cells(31, 2).Value = "R.C.C." Then Sheet4.Cells(1, 4).Value = 0.075 * (Sheet1.Cells(9, 1).Value ^ 0.75) ElseIf Sheet1.Cells(31, 2).Value = "Steel" Then Sheet4.Cells(1, 4).Value = 0.085 * (Sheet1.Cells(9, 1).Value ^ 0.75) ElseIf Sheet1.Cells(31, 2).Value = "R.C.C.(Brick infills)" Then If i = 1 Then Sheet4.Cells(1, 4).ClearContents Sheet4.Cells(1, 4).Value = 0.09 * Sheet1.Cells(9, 1).Value / (Sheet1.Cells(27, 3).Value ^ 0.5) ElseIf i = 2 Then Sheet4.Cells(1, 4).ClearContents Sheet4.Cells(1, 4).Value = 0.09 * Sheet1.Cells(9, 1).Value / (Sheet1.Cells(22, 1).Value ^ 0.5) End If End If Sheet4.Cells(7 + i, 4).Value = Sheet4.Cells(6, 4).Value Next 'Calculation for Sa/g' 'Calculation for Ah' For i = 1 To 2 Sheet4.Cells(7 + i, 5).Value = (Sheet1.Cells(29, 4).Value / 2) * (Sheet1.Cells(33, 2).Value / Sheet1.Cells(34, 2).Value) * (Sheet4.Cells(7 + i, 4).Value) * (Sheet1.Cells(32, 4).Value) Next 'Calculation for Ah' 'Calculation for Sum(WiHi2)' a=0 For i = 1 To Sheet1.Cells(3, 3).Value + 1 b = Sheet1.Cells(4 + i, 7) * Sheet1.Cells(4 + i, 8) ^ 2 a=b+a Next Sheet4.Cells(11, 5).Value = a 'Calculation for Sum(WiHi2)'

'Calculation for Vi' For i = 1 To 2 If i = 1 Then Sheet1.Cells(4, 8 + (2 * i - 1)).Value = "Vi(X-dir)(kN)" ElseIf i = 2 Then Sheet1.Cells(4, 8 + (2 * i - 1)).Value = "Vi(Y-dir)(kN)" End If For j = 1 To Sheet1.Cells(3, 3).Value + 1 27 | P a g e

Sheet1.Cells(4 + j, 8 + (2 * i - 1)).Value = (Sheet4.Cells(7 + i, 5).Value * Sheet4.Cells(11, 4).Value) * (Sheet1.Cells(4 + j, 7).Value * Sheet1.Cells(4 + j, 8).Value ^ 2) / (Sheet4.Cells(11, 5).Value) Next j Next i 'Calculation for Vi' 'Calculation for VBi' For i = 1 To 2 If i = 1 Then Sheet1.Cells(4, 8 + 2 * i).Value = "VBi(X-dir)(kN)" ElseIf i = 2 Then Sheet1.Cells(4, 8 + 2 * i).Value = "VBi(Y-dir)(kN)" End If a=0 For j = 1 To Sheet1.Cells(3, 3).Value + 1 b = Sheet1.Cells(4 + j, 7 + (2 * i)) a=b+a Sheet1.Cells(4 + j, 8 + (2 * i)).Value = a Next j Next i End Sub

28 | P a g e