Comments: 1. Slope and Deflection Diagram is more convenient to use compared to Conjugate Beam Method. 2. The slope and deflection at any point can be computed only by one process/formula. 3. The Slope and Deflection Diagram by Parts can be drawn similar to that of drawing the Shear and Moment Diagram by parts.
Ordinate:
m H y x L vertex
x H y= L
m'
Deflection or Slope at any point, where: y , y = deflection and slope ordinates, resp.
=
x = distance from vertex/point of tangency to the point. H = highest ordinate or the ordinate at the fixed support. L = Length of the cantilever beam.
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DEFLECTION OF STRUCTURES Engineering structures are constructed from materials that deform slightly when subjected to stress or a change in temperature. As a result of this deformation, points on the structure undergo certain movements called DEFLECTIONS. Provided that the elastic limit of the material is not exceeded, this deformation and the resulting deflection disappear when the stress is removed and the temperature returns to its original value. This type of deformation or deflection is called ELASTIC and can be caused either by loads acting on the structure or by a change in temperature. CAUSES OF DEFLECTION 1. Stress 2. Change in temperature 3. Support settlement 4. play in pin joints 5. shrinkage of concrete, creep 6. etc. IMPORTANCE OF DEFLECTION COMPUTATIONS 1. Mode of failure in design 2. to analyze the vibration and dynamic response characteristics of the structures 3. Stress analysis of statically indeterminate structures are based largely on an evaluation of their deflection under load 4. etc. METHODS OF COMPUTING DEFLECTION 1. Virtual Work Method (Applicable to any type of structure beam, truss, frames, etc.) 2. Castiglianos Second Theorem (Applicable to any type of structure) 3. Williot-Mohr Method (Applicable to trusses only) 4. Bar-chain Method (Applicable to trusses only) 5. Double Integration Method (Applicable to beams only) 6. Moment-Area Method (Applicable to beams and frames only) 7. Elastic Load Method (Applicable to beams and frames only) 8. Conjugate Beam Method (Applicable to beams only) 9. Slope and Deflection Diagram by Parts (Applicable to beams only)
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Relationship between Load, Shear, Moment, Slope and Deflection Diagram by Parts Maximum Ordinate:
VMSD = m
n! wLd (n + d)!
where: VMSD = shear, moment, slope or deflection ordinate at the fixed end. d = type of diagram = 1, for shear = 2, for moment = 3, for slope = 4, for deflection w = maximum intensity of the load, KN/m L = Length of the cantilever beam, m n = Degree of the load = 0, for uniform load = 1, for triangular load 2, for spandrel load
m! ML (m + 1)! EI
Deflection:
m! M 2 L (m + 2)! EI
where:
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M L
V = -P M = PL 0 1
V - Diag
M - Diag
= - PL
- Diag 2 3 - Diag
= -ML = ML 2
2
1 2
- Diag - Diag
2
3 = PL
Shear:
V=
n! wL (n + 1)!
Slope:
=
Slope Diagram by Parts
n! wL3 (n + 3)!
n+3
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Slope:
L Fixed
m! ML (m + 1)! EI
Deflection: m! M 2 = L (m + 2)! EI
M L
=0
- Diag - Diag
= M
0
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m H y x L vertex
Ordinate:
x y= L H
m'
where: y = deflection or slope ordinate at any point. x = distance from vertex/point of tangency to the point. H = highest ordinate or the ordinate at the fixed support. L = Length of the cantilever beam. m = slope of the deflection or slope diagram.
STEPS:
1. 2. Compute the reactions of the real beam. Choose an arbitrary point on the beam to be held fixed and draw the M/EI Diagram by parts. For Concentrated Moment:
P L
Fixed
M L
M = PL
1 M/EI - Diag
M= M
M/EI - Diag
Moment Ordinate:
M= m! W 2 L (m + 2)! EI
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3. 4.
For the conjugate beam loaded by M/EI Diagram by parts, compute the reactions. Draw the Deflection and Slope Diagram by Parts using the principles in drawing the shear and moment diagram by parts.
L Fixed
Slope:
=
Slope Diagram by Parts m+1 m+2 Deflection Diagram by Parts
m! ML (m + 1)! EI
Deflection: m! M 2 = L (m + 2)! EI
5.
Using the curve property, compute the slope and deflection at any point. Ordinate:
m H y x L vertex
x H y= L
m'
y y
where:
y , y = deflection and slope ordinates, resp.
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SAMPLE PROBLEM Compute the slope of the elastic curve at point A, slope and deflection at midspan.
30KN a 12m 6m c EI = constant
Mc = 0 Ma = 0
Ra(18) -30(6) = 0 Ra = 10 KN Rc(18) -30(12) = 0 Rc = 20 KN
12m
6m
c Rc = 20
-30(12)=-360
6m
Ma = 0
Rc(18) -1/2(360/Ei)(18)(18/3) +1/2(360/EI)(12)(12/3) = 0 Rc = 600/EI
-360 Rc Ra
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Slope Ordinates:
6m
= m! ML (m + 1)! EI
A= B=
-360
Rc =600/EI
C=
A = 600
EI
B= 2160
EI
C= 3240
EI
E=
D= 2160
EI
F=
E= 3240
EI
F= 10800
EI
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m H y x L vertex
x y= L H
m'
y
600 2160 3240 480 + = EI EI EI EI ans
Slope @ midspan:
m =
=
y
600 3 2160 9 3240 75 + = EI EI 12 EI 18 EI
2 2
ans
Deflection @ midspan:
m =
y
3 2 2
ans
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