A2 French

Nora Stopford

Text Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 Illustrations Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 All rights reserved. The copyright holders authorise ONLY users of NTDL A2 French to make photocopies for their own or their students immediate use within the teaching context. No other rights are granted without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Copy by any other means or for any purpose is strictly prohibited without prior consent from the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the publisher. Any person who commits any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First edition published in 2009. This edition published in 2010 by: Nelson Thornes Distance Learning Delta Place 27 Bath Road CHELTENHAM GL53 7TH United Kingdom 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 / 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Printed in Great Britain by Berforts Group Nelson Thornes Distance Learning would like to thank all copyright holders for their kind permission to reproduce copyright materials. Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders and we apologise if any have been overlooked. Should copyright have been unwittingly infringed in these course notes, the owners should contact the publishers, who will make the correction at reprint.

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A2 French
Introduction
Welcome to your Nelson Thornes Distance Learning course for A2 General Certificate of Education in French. You have been given this course because you already have a good French GCSE, Standard Grade or equivalent, you have studied French at AS Level and you want to study for A2 Level; and, most importantly, because you are considered capable of studying independently. This course will guide you through your studies and will help you to prepare for your examination, which will be certificated by the AQA examination board. In this introduction, you will find out more about: 1. How to learn a language at a distance 2. The specification for your examination, i.e. the skills, topics and test-types that you will have to work on 3. Your programme of study for this year 4. The grammar you will need to know by the end of the year 5. Your course materials 6. Your video conference tutorials 7. Visits 8. Course activities (activits) 9. Work schedule 10. Contact details Bonne chance!

1. Distance learning
For the majority of this course, you will be undertaking supported self-study. This means that although your study will be guided and supported by your distance learning French Tutor and your in-school Link Tutor, essentially you will be studying independently. However, you will not be on your own: you will have regular tutorials with your distance-learning tutor over the video conference link. He or she will visit you in your school/college twice during the year, and you will be encouraged to keep in contact with your tutor regularly via e-mail. It is likely that you will be studying with a group of fellow students in your school, but even if not, although this learning method is classed as distance learning, you should not feel isolated

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because your tutor will have other students doing the same course in other schools or colleges. For you to work effectively as an independent learner you must take the following into account: a) You have to be self-motivated. You know you have a good level of self-motivation already, otherwise you wouldnt have been offered this course. Having a compelling reason to complete a course will serve to motivate and help you avoid things that distract you from your study. The important thing will be to keep up your motivation until the end. Remember that the A Level French qualification is important as part of your life plan, otherwise you wouldnt have chosen to do it. Keep your ultimate goal in mind all the time (Going to university? Learning a language that will help you find a job? Enjoying your holidays more? Working in a French-speaking country?). b) You have to take more responsibility for your own learning. There will not be a teacher in your school constantly chasing you if you havent prepared your weeks work, havent emailed last weeks homework, or have failed to learn essential vocabulary for a new topic or to do some research on the Internet. No excuses, its up to you! You will be guided in your studies by the Student Course Materials (the pack you are holding at the moment), but at the end of the day, it is up to you to get down to learning French. Self-discipline is essential for you to succeed. For example, in this folder you have access to transcripts for the CD recordings on which many activities are based. Being responsible for your own learning means not looking at the transcript until youve listened to a recording several times. If you cheat, youre only cheating yourself, at the end of the day! c) The key lies in being organised. Here are a few pointers: Learn to manage your time well. You are expected to study for about 8 hours a week for approximately 30 weeks. There are 37 units in this course, in addition to this introductory unit. As soon as youve got your timetable for your other subjects, you can start scheduling those hours in and writing them down in your work planner. Be realistic in your expectations (you need holidays too!) and be sure to get off to a prompt start, because it can be difficult to make up for lost time later on. When learning a language, building useful vocabulary is crucial. Buy yourself a large vocabulary book, and note down new language as you go along. Dont attempt to note it down alphabetically: it is better to organise it by topic. Individual words and phrases can fit into various topics, of course: write the same words or expressions down under as many different headings as you need to. It will also be more effective to note things down in context, for example by noting down a phrase using the word rather than just the word or expression itself. Try to collect language as short phrases rather than single words, e.g. raliser une ambition to achieve an ambition, rather than just raliser to achieve, to realise; the advantage is obvious learning a word in context. If there are certain non-topic-specific words you find difficult to remember, you could build up a hit-list of these words, and to learn or revise them copy a few in large letters onto a piece of A4 paper; stick it next to your mirror, and learn them when combing or brushing your hair. Other ideas to help you learn vocabulary, and further study skills, are given after this Introduction. Buy yourself a good bilingual dictionary, for instance the Collins-Robert English French / FrenchEnglish dictionary. Get to know it inside out; it will become your best friend and you will be virtually inseparable during the course! Remember that, a lot of the time, you will need access to a CD player, either at school or at home, or access to the online listening materials. You need to be comfortable

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surfing the Internet, and be reasonably proficient at ICT and keyboarding skills. Bear that in mind when you prepare your schedule in your work planner. When setting up your own PC to write French with the necessary accents, the easiest way to produce accents for French is as follows: 1. Within a Word file, click on Insert. 2. Go to Symbol. 3. Select normal text: in this window you should see all the characters you need. 4. Highlight a character you need, select Shortcut key, and allocate e.g. Ctrl or Alt plus a similar character, e.g. Alt + e for , Ctrl + a for , Alt + n for and so on. 5. Click on Assign, then close each window and try out your shortcut. This method may not work in other word-processing programmes such as e-mail and Powerpoint, or within language CD-Roms or language learning activities on the internet. In this case, or if you are using a PC which is not your own, or if you simply prefer it, use the key-stroke combinations below. There are others, but this is the quickest and easiest such method we know, and seems very reliable, even on a laptop. Engage number lock, press Alt + the following number codes on the right side of the keyboard: 133 147 131 148 160 153 132 151 138 150 136 130 129 137 135 144 128 140 174 139 175

2. The specification for your A2 French examination

You will be preparing for the AQA French A2 examination. This section covers: a) Assessment Objectives b) Scheme of assessment c) Topic Areas d) Exam papers a) Assessment Objectives Assessment Objective 1 (A01): understand and respond, in speech and writing, to spoken language Weighting: 23% Assessment Objective 2 (AO2): understand and respond, in speech and writing, to written language Weighting: 54% Assessment Objective 3 (AO3):

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show knowledge of and apply accurately the grammar and syntax prescribed in the specification Weighting: 23% In addition, you have to demonstrate an understanding of register (an awareness of how you use different language according to who you are communicating with, and for what purpose) and an ability to give and justify your own opinions. b) Scheme of assessment Dictionaries are not allowed in any of the exams. FREN 3 (Listening, Reading and Writing) 2 hours 70% FREN 4 (Speaking Test) 35 minutes (including 20 mins preparation time) 30% c) Topic areas Module A Environment: Pollution, Energy, Protecting the planet Module B The multicultural society: Immigration, Integration, Racism Module C Contemporary social issues: Wealth and poverty, Law and order, Impact of scientific and technological progress Module D Cultural topic: Candidates choose two of the five topics. They will write about one in the first part of the exam, and will discuss both topics in the speaking test. A French-speaking region/community A period of 20th-century history from a French-speaking country/community The work of an author from a French-speaking country/community The work of a dramatist or poet from a French-speaking country/community The work of a director, architect, musician or painter from a French-speaking country/community For details of how all the above topics are explored, see pages 35 of your Nelson Thornes AQA AS French textbook, and see also the table below in section 3, Your programme of study. d) Exam papers There will be two parts to your A2 French examination: FREN 3 Listening, Reading and Writing A 2 hour exam. The listening section will be based on three, four or five authentic audio extracts, which might include informal conversation, short interviews or news reports. You will have individual, personal CD players and will be able to go back and listen as much as you like to the audio extracts within the overall time limit for the paper (2 hours). The reading

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section will be based on up to four reading passages taken from newspapers, magazines and advertisements. For both listening and reading, the question types will assess understanding of general sense and specific detail, and will include: responding to questions about the audio material in English responding to questions about the audio and reading material in French non-verbal responses (e.g. true/false/not mentioned, multiple choice, filling in numbers) These are followed by a grammatical exercise which will require you to complete sentences by putting the correct form and spelling of a verb or adjective into each gap in the sentence. Finally, there will be an essay on a choice of questions on the cultural topics. The essay question will be a written task in French (no word limit) based on an essay question; there will be two questions set for each of the five cultural topics. FREN 4 Speaking Test 35 minutes (including 20 minutes preparation time) Part 1 Discussion of a stimulus card Before you start, you will be offered two stimulus cards, each offering two opposing points of view on an aspect of one of the A2 topics. You choose one to prepare for 20 minutes, adopting one of the points of view on the card. You will be allowed to make notes to take into the actual exam. The examiner will take the opposite viewpoint to the one you choose; when you present your point of view, you will need to defend and justify it to the examiner. Part 2 Conversation The second part of the test will consist of ten minutes of conversation on both of the cultural topics you have studied. Approximately five minutes will be spent discussing each of your two cultural two topics All oral tests are recorded and sent away for marking.

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3. Your programme of study

Your 37 units of study are intended to prepare you directly for your exam in terms of general skills and topics and in terms of question-types. The table below gives a summary of the contents.
NTDL Unit

Topics
Getting to know the A2 French course

Topic objectives

Grammar

Skills

page no.

Intro

L'environnement
1 La pollution

A La pollution, flau de la plante B Comment rduire la pollution? C Le transport

Talk about different types, causes and effects of pollution Explore measures to reduce pollution Discuss individual and collective action Describe transport issues related to pollution

Use present and past tenses of the passive voice Use modal verbs

Formulate questions Express your own views

12

Use the present subjunctive

Present alternatives

14

L'environnement
2 L'nergie

A Les nergies non renouvelables

Talk about the different sources of fossil fuels Discuss the role of nuclear energy in France

Revise present tense endings

Debate controversial issues

17

B Les nergies renouvelables

Discuss the need for renewable energy sources Explore changing attitudes to energy consumption

Revise present and conditional forms (to express necessity) Use verbs followed by an infinitive

Express necessity, consequence and contrast Evaluate lifestyle using alternative forms of energy

20

C Les attitudes changeantes

22

L'environnement
3 Protection de la plante

A Comment minimiser les dangers

Describe the impact of consumerism on the environment and explore how to change behaviour Examine the role of pressure groups and their initiatives to promote awareness

Use interrogative pronouns

Recommend future measures

25

B Les groupes de pression

Use the subjunctive (revisited)

Use language to promote a cause

28

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C Notre responsabilit envers les autres pays

Discuss the need for collaboration and cooperation

Use the immediate future and the future tense

Express awareness of positive and negative impact

30

La societ multiculturelle
4 L'immigration

10

A La France, terre d'accueil? B Immigration choisie

Explore the reasons for immigration Talk about government policy to curb immigration Discuss the benefits and problems of immigration

Revise numbers

Express proportions and statistics Defend a viewpoint

33

11

Use the future perfect tense

36

12

C Immigration au sein de l'Union europenne

Talk about immigration within the enlarged European community

Use indirect speech

Present oral analysis of advantages and disadvantages of immigration

38

La societ multiculturelle
5 L'intgration

13

A Multiculturalisme

Talk about factors facilitating integration Discuss which culture immigrants should show loyalty to

Use conjunctions

Express wellinformed and sophisticated opinions in a debate Give precise descriptions using complex sentences Express obligation and support someone's rights

41

14

B La dsintgration de la France C L'intgration des jeunes

Consider factors making integration difficult Talk about the experiences of individual immigrants

Use demonstrative pronouns: celui, celle, ceux, celles Use relative pronouns with prepositions: dans lequel, auquel, duquel, dont

44

15

46

La societ multiculturelle
6 Le racisme

16

A Raciste, moi?

Discuss the reasons for racism Talk about discrimination in employment and education

Use possessive pronouns Revise present and past tenses of the passive voice

Express clear ideas about important issues Discuss antiracism initiatives

49

17

B Discrimination

52

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18

C Victimes

Talk about the victims of racism

Use the perfect subjunctive

Develop a personal explanation

54

Problmes sociaux contemporains

7 Richesse et pauvret

19

A L'embarras des riches

Talk about wealth and poverty including links to health and social unrest Discuss the causes of poverty in Europe and developing countries Discuss debt and aid programmes in developing countries

Use the conditional perfect

Adapt others' opinions to express your own Construct dialogues using various sources Adapt online text and data for presentations

57

20

B Les racines de la misre C Solidarit globale?

Use comparative and superlative adjectives Use dependent infinitives (revisited)

60

21

62

Problmes sociaux contemporains

8 L'ordre public

22

A La dlinquance: causes et effets

Discuss crime, especially among young people Talk about reasons for criminal and antisocial behaviour

Use the perfect tense

Structure a coherent analysis of causes and effects

65

23

B La criminalit en baisse?

Discuss the effectiveness of measures to reduce crime Consider alternatives to imprisonment

Use infinitive constructions (revisited) Use the future tense of the passive voice

Combine data with opinions in debates and presentations Consider the values society holds on major issues

68

24

C Crime et chtiment

70

Problmes sociaux contemporains

9 Sciences et technologie: avances ou rgression?

25

A Diagnostic: informatique

Discuss advantages and drawbacks of ICT at home and at work

Use present participles

Summarise opposing views and draw balanced conclusions Make and counter controversial statements about contentious issues Use anticipation and nuance to advance debates

73

26

B On va o exactement?

Consider pros and cons of space and satellite technology

Use interrogative pronouns (revisited)

76

27

C Science ne rime pas toujours avec conscience

Discuss ethical issues relating to scientific, technological and medical progress and research

Invert verb and subject after direct speech and adverbs

78

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Dossier culturel 28
Introduction An introduction to the cultural topic; ideas to help you decide which topics to study and research The concepts and vocabulary needed to study a region in French The concepts and vocabulary needed to study a Frenchspeaking country or region The concepts and vocabulary needed to study a period of the 20th-century history of France The concepts and vocabulary needed to study a period of the 20th-century history of France The concepts and vocabulary needed to study a Frenchspeaking novelist or short-story writer The concepts and vocabulary needed to study a Frenchspeaking novelist or short-story writer The concepts and vocabulary needed to study a French dramatist The concepts and vocabulary needed to study a French poet Selection, evaluation and decision-making skills Research, planning, speaking and writing skills Research, planning, speaking and writing skills Research, planning, speaking and writing skills Research, planning, speaking and writing skills Research, planning, speaking and writing skills Research, planning, speaking and writing skills Research, planning, speaking and writing skills Research, planning, speaking and writing skills Research, planning, speaking and writing skills Research, planning, speaking and writing skills 81

29

A Une rgion franaise 1 La Lorraine

82

30

A La France d'outre-mer 2 L'le de la Runion

84

31

B La France au 20me sicle 1 Charles de Gaulle

86

32

B La France au 20me sicle 2 La guerre d'Algrie

88

33

C L'uvre d'un auteur franais 1 Faza Gune

90

34

C L'uvre d'un auteur franais 2 Franoise Sagan

92

35

D L'uvre d'un dramaturge franais 1 Molire

94

36

D L'uvre d'un pote franais 2 Jacques Prvert

96

37

E L'uvre d'un artiste franais 1 Le cinma, l'architecture

The concepts and vocabulary needed to study an artist, architect, musician or filmdirector from a French-speaking country or region The concepts and vocabulary needed to study an artist, architect, musician or filmdirector from a French-speaking country or region

98

38

E L'uvre d'un artiste franais 2 La musique, la peinture

100

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4. Grammar
The lists below, taken from the AQA 2009 specification, set out the grammar you will be expected to know by the end of your year of study. At A2 you need to know the grammar points in both the AS and the A2 lists. For structures marked (R), receptive knowledge only is required. French Advanced Subsidiary (AS) Nouns: gender, singular and plural forms Articles: definite, indefinite and partitive Adjectives: agreement position comparative and superlative demonstrative (ce, cet, cette, ces) indefinite (chaque, quelque) possessive interrogative (quel, quelle) Adverbs: comparative and superlative interrogative (comment, quand) Quantifiers/intensifiers (trs, assez, beaucoup) Pronouns: personal subject object: direct and indirect position and order reflexive relative (qui, que) relative: lequel, auquel, dont (R) object: direct and indirect disjunctive/emphatic demonstrative (celui) (R) indefinite (quelquun)

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possessive (le mien) (R) interrogative (qui, que) interrogative (quoi) (R) use of y, en Verbs: regular and irregular verbs, including reflexive verbs modes of address (tu, vous) impersonal verbs verbs followed by an infinitive (with or without a preposition) dependent infinitives (faire rparer) (R) perfect infinitive negative forms interrogative forms tenses: present perfect (including agreement of past participle) imperfect future conditional future perfect (R) conditional perfect (R) pluperfect past historic (R) passive voice: present tense other tenses (R) imperative present participle subjunctive mood: present (common uses, eg after expressions of possibility, necessity, obligation, and after conjunctions such as bien que) Indirect speech Inversion after speech (R) Prepositions Conjunctions Number, quantity and time (including use of depuis, venir de)

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French Advanced (A2)

As well as all the grammar and structures listed above for AS: Pronouns: relative: lequel, auquel, dont possessive (le mien) demonstrative (celui) interrogative (quoi) Verbs: dependent infinitives (faire rparer) future perfect tense conditional perfect tense passive voice: all tenses subjunctive mood: present perfect imperfect (R) Inversion after adverbs Inversion after speech

5. Your course materials

For your course, you will need: Your A2 French Student Course Materials (Student File) which you are reading at the moment, with the accompanying Audio CDs Your Nelson Thornes AQA French A2 Students Book Access to Kerboodle (the Nelson Thornes on-line Learning Space) for the listening and video material, online worksheets and interactive activities; this will be provided through your school. Practice in French Grammar Action Grammaire! (Hodder Education) A good bilingual dictionary Regular access to the internet Your own reliable e-mail address Always start with the Student Course Materials, which will guide you through the other items listed above. At the back of the file, you will find transcripts to the audio recordings and translations of rubrics. Some of the tasks ask you to access the Nelson Thornes online worksheets. You should print these off either at home or in school, complete them and keep them in your folder; you may

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need to refer to them during video conference tutorials. If for whatever reason you cannot get access to the internet, ask a friend to print one off for you or photocopy a classmates copy. Other online materials are interactive activities: you read or listen to the extract, do the related activities online and get immediate feedback, including page references to the coursebook to help you revise specific points. In most cases, you cannot save your answers to interactive activities. For the oral exercises it would be good to work with another student in your learning group, but if this is not possible then you should find a place on your own and develop the knack of talking aloud in French. This may feel strange at first, but you will get used to it and you do need to practise your oral skills in your independent study time and not just during the video conference sessions. You may like to get a French-speaking penfriend. Contact your tutor for suggestions on how to do this. You cannot learn a language just from a few schoolbooks. It is essential to read as widely as possible books, newspapers and magazines in French can often be found in bookshops, public libraries or the school library or in e-form on the internet. The Authentique en franais magazines and audio tapes/CDs, which your school may subscribe to, will provide very useful extra reading and listening. You should, of course, make the most of web resources recommended by your tutor; for a start, follow the news by logging on regularly to a good French newspaper website. For example, the website www.lemonde.fr is excellent, not just French and world news and sport, but also to enable you to keep up with the latest gossip on your favourite stars! You may also find the websites listed below useful for developing your language skills. They are intended as a useful starting point; you should experiment and pursue your own research to find suitable websites that you find helpful. General www.cilt.org.uk www.all-languages.org.uk http://europa.eu/ http://www.hull.ac.uk/ict4lt http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/ http://education.guardian.co.uk/languageresources/ articles from the Guardian http://www.linguanet-europa.org/plus/en/home.jsp language and language learning http://www.well.ac.uk/ http://www.languagesonline.org.uk http://zut.languageskills.co.uk/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page http://www.verbs-online.com/ http://www.vocabulix.com/ http://babelfish.altavista.com/
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National Centre for Languages Assoc. for Language Learning EU website univ site, material and links language and culture info, BBC

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/europe/country_profiles/ country profiles basic info

using IT in language learning language exercises language exercises grammar/culture (search by language) conjugation trainer conjugation trainer online translator use with care!
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http://www.worldlingo.com/en/products_services/worldlingo_translator.html an alternative online translator www.tranexp.com French search engines http://aliceadsl.fr/ http://www.i3d.qc.ca/ http://www.voila.fr/ http://www.google.fr/ http://fr.yahoo.com/ News / Politics http://www.lemonde.fr/ http://www.premier-ministre.gouv.fr/ www.elysee.fr www.interieur.gouv.fr www.justice.gouv.fr www.insee.fr www.travail.gouv.fr www.industrie.gouv.fr www.bbc.co.uk/languages/french/news/ Current and ongoing news with notes and audio files for intermediate language learners; and guide to accessing French TV. French TV http://www.tf1.fr www.francetelevisions.fr http://info.francetelevisions.fr http://www.comfm.com/ Magazines http://www.lingualearn.co.uk Authentik en franais: info on buying the magazines live TV and videos access to free TV/video, e.g. France 2, 3, 4, 5, etc via this! live radio, TV and videos le Monde newspaper online Prime Minister President Interior Ministry law and legal system national statistics work industry access to French sites access to French sites access to French sites French version of Google French version of Yahoo another online translator

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Culture http://www.culture.fr www.saint-exupery.org www.montparnasse.net www.environnement.gouv.fr www.letour.fr www.cidj.asso.fr www.education.gouv.fr www.sante.gouv.fr Language http://french.about.com/ Grammar websites www.languagesonline.org.uk http://www.ashcombe.surrey.sch.uk/Curriculum/modlang/french/index_fr_video.htm Online dictionaries www.wordreference.com www.babelfish.altavista.com/ AQA site for exam information www.aqa.org.uk culture / language French culture literature art Louvre environment Le Tour de France young people education health system

6. Your video conference tutorials

Each week you will have two one-hour sessions with your tutor on a distance-learning video conference link. It will seem unusual at first, talking to a camera and having a talking head respond to you (your tutor may live hundreds of miles away!), but you will very quickly become used to it, and it will become second nature to you. It is also an excellent skill to develop your confidence and put on your CV in the future. As you work through each weeks Activits, you will come across quite a few that ask you to: prepare answers to set questions prepare a text make a brief oral presentation acess an online worksheet, complete it and discuss any problems with your tutor. You will be expected to prepare these thoroughly before you go through them with your tutor during the video conference (VC) session. If for some reason you need help during

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the week to carry out these activities then contact your tutor via e-mail. Arriving at the VC session with the excuse of I didnt understand so I havent done it is not good enough! You will have two VC tutorials per week. You should not see these as taught lessons in the traditional sense. They will be characterised as follows: Your opportunity to ask non-urgent questions and for explanations of tricky grammar points Your opportunity to ask for help or advice on your own research, for example in connection with your oral exam topics Your opportunity to get together with the group and compare notes Your opportunity to show your understanding of the weeks work Your opportunity to show off your oral French in the context of what you have learnt that week Your opportunity to hear spontaneous French and practise your listening skills Your opportunity to monitor your own progress via the feedback you receive from the tutor The tutors opportunity to monitor your progress, check your understanding, and give you feedback and encouragement Essentially, as you can see, video conferencing is your time and as such you must make the most of it. Take note of the following: Dos Do make sure that you speak loudly enough for the tutor to hear you clearly Do participate fully; you will learn little by being a passenger! Do be extrovert your tutor prefers you to be outgoing rather than a mouse! Do come to the VC session dying to talk (in French of course!) about your prepared work Do sit as close as you can to the VC microphone and webcam Donts Dont be shy Dont speak in a quiet voice Dont treat it like a lecture where you just listen

7. Visits
Your tutor will visit you twice during the school year. These visits are an important part of the course, so you must make every effort to be there when your tutor visits; when your tutor mentions that he or she is planning a visit soon, do tell him/her of any days you expect to be away from school, such as visiting a university; your tutor will then try to avoid those days when planning his/her itinerary of visits. These visits are an excellent opportunity for you and your tutor to meet and get to know each other, and they should be enjoyable for you and your tutor. There will also be the opportunity for you to speak to your tutor in confidence if you want to. The visits will usually last for two to three hours and during this time your tutor will want to do the following:

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Review your progress. Your tutor will want to look over your unit work to make sure that you are completing the activities thoroughly. So you must bring all of your unit work to date with you, including any extra notes or resources you have discovered. Find out how you are enjoying the course. People learn best when they enjoy what they are learning. For this reason your tutor will want to find out how much you enjoy the subject and the VC tutorials. We hope you will enjoy your distance learning studies, but if you do have any problems, dont be afraid to tell your tutor how you feel: he/she will want to know the truth so that any issues can be sorted out before they become problems. Sometimes your tutor will go through some work with you during the visit, or may show you a video or get you to do a group activity of some kind. These visits will be more than just a chat be prepared to do some work as well. In some cases your tutor will conduct your oral exam during a visit to your school.

8. Course activities (activits)

Here is a list of the types of activities that feature throughout the course, with the icons used to symbolise them. INBOX Icon Activity This activity needs to be especially well prepared for the video conference sessions.

You need to link to the internet to do this research work. A website will be given, or you may have to research pages yourself.

Reading. Read the text, either in the AQA A2 French Student Book or on Kerboodle!, and do the related activity.

Listening activity. Listen to the appropriate audio clip on Kerboodle! and answer the questions.

You will need to write or key your answers and

e-mail or post them to your tutor when you see this icon.

Oral work. An oral activity that you need to practise in your self-study time and then be prepared to demonstrate over the VC.

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Grammar revision, explanation, practice, using a worksheet (feuille de travail) you will find on Kerboodle.

Language-learning skills (Comptences) explanation and practice, using a worksheet (feuille de travail) you will find on Kerboodle.

This activity is designed to help you to learn and remember new words and expressions.

9. Work schedule
Use this chart to plan your work in accordance with what your tutor sets week by week.

Study Unit start week date 1

Student file Unit Introduction

Externally assessed assignment

Work due date

Unit 1

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 4

Unit 5

Unit 6

Unit 7

Unit 8

Unit 9

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Unit 10

Unit 11

Unit 12

Unit 13

Unit 14

Unit 15

Unit 16

Unit 17

Unit 18

Unit 19

Unit 20

Unit 21

Unit 22

Unit 23

Unit 24

Unit 25

Unit 26

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Unit 27

Unit 28

Unit 29

Unit 30

Unit 31

Unit 32

Unit 33

Unit 34

Unit 35

Unit 36

Unit 37

Unit 38

Unit 39

10. Contact details

Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 01242 267111 Fax 01242 267294 Your tutor will not normally be immediately available on these numbers, which are for the NTDL Office, but messages can be left or sent via the fax and will be passed on immediately to your tutor.

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Your tutors contact details (check these when you first speak to your tutor): Address e-mail address Home telephone Mobile telephone

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Study skills for language students

Learning vocabulary
We all learn in different ways, and most of us use a combination of learning methods without realising it. Visual learners learn by seeing, auditory learners by hearing, and kinesthetic learners by doing. You can help yourself by thinking about how you learn best and giving yourself the best chance. Here are some suggestions, which combine different learning styles. Copy wordlists into your notebook in French and English in two columns. Say each word aloud, cover up one column, try to say the word in the other. After a time doing something different, see how many words you can remember. Set yourself a target of a number of words, or a topic group, each day/week. Check your list to see how many words you know already; tick them off. Write out a list of those you didnt know, and set yourself a realistic target. Copy them onto A4 paper in large letters with a felt-tip pen. Use colours or highlighter pens to pick out verb endings, genders, odd spellings and so on. Stick your list on the wall next to your mirror, and learn them while brushing your hair, shaving, or just getting ready (so that it does not take time from other work!). For objects in the house, write the word on a sticky note and stick it on the object. Write a new word with dots replacing some letters, then see if you can complete the word. Write out a word with the letters jumbled, then try to unscramble it later. Try to find an association for words, e.g. similarities to English or French: carte card, objet object, dictionnaire dictionary. Try to picture words or what they represent, perhaps even linking them with situations you have experienced. Split long words into sections, some of which you know already. Learn the value of common prefixes and suffixes; most have the same meaning as in English. Try to break down long words to get at their meaning. For example, in-compar-able from comparer; endommager from dommage (damage); vieillissement from vieil (old) > veillir (to grow old) > vieillissement (process of growing old). Bear in mind the spelling peculiarities of French such as: With words starting with esp take off the e: espace space; esprit spirit For some words starting with in French replace by s: tudiant student; ponge sponge For words which have a circumflex, try adding an s: hpital hospital; fret forest; intrt interest Words ending with in French, try y: beaut beauty; scurit security Words ending with aire in French, try ar or ary: populaire popular; dictionnaire dictionary

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Words with on in the middle, replace them with oun: annoncer announce; prononcer pronounce Words with ou in the middle, replace them with o or u: gouvernement government; bouddhiste Buddhist Some words in French add an e while others take it off: branche branch; liquide liquid; futur future; paradis paradise Word patterns in French Learn these useful spelling combinations. Present participles ending in -ant are similar to English present participles ending in -ing: coutant listening, faisant doing Adverbs ending in -ment are similar to English words ending in -ly: rapidement rapidly; normalement normally Words saying what people do as a job follow patterns: -eur = -er employer to employ, employeur employer -ant -iste -ier = -ant = -ist = -er, -man tudier to study, tudiant student journal newspaper, journaliste journalist ferme farm, fermier farmer police police, policier policeman

Many French words begin with a prefix that works the same as in English: con- = contenir to have, hold, contenir to contain implies within re- = reinventer to invent, reinventer to reinvent The following prefixes give a word the opposite or negative meaning, as in English: ds-/dis= dis- armer to munition, dsarmer to disarm apparatre to appear, disparatre to disappear imin= im= inpossible possible, impossible impossible tolrant tolerant, intolrant intolerant

Word patterns to help with gender of nouns These are masculine (but note the exceptions NB. these are examples and are not exhaustive): words ending in -b, -c (except la fac), -d, -f (except la soif), -l, -m (except la faim), -p words ending in -ge (except la Norvge) are masculine words ending in -et words ending in -ing words ending in -isme words ending in -ment (except la jument) words ending in -oir words ending in -one words ending in -ou most words ending in -age (except une image, une cage, une plage) most words ending in -ble (except une cible, une table, une fable, une table)

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most words ending in -eau (except leau, la peau) most words ending in -eur (except une fleur, la paleur, la blancheur, la douceur) most words ending in -ste (except la liste, la piste, and words for people une artiste, etc.) are masculine most words ending in -x (except la croix, la voix, la noix, la toux) These are feminine (but note the exceptions): words ending in -ace words ending in -ance or -ence words ending in -e (except un lyce, un muse, un trophe) words ending in -esse words ending in -ette (except un squelette) words ending in -fe (except le golfe) words ending in -ie (except un incendie, un gnie, un parapluie) words ending in -ise words ending in -ique (except un graphique, un priphrique) words ending in -sion or -tion words ending in -t (except un comit, un arrt, un comt, un ct, un t, un pt, un trait) words ending in -ti words ending in -ure most words ending in -ce (except un artifice, un armistice, le benefice, le commerce, le dentifrice, le divorce, un exercice, un office, le sacrifice, le service, le silence) most words ending in -ine (except un magazine) most words ending in -ite (except le mrite, le rite, le satellite, le site) most words ending in -mme (except un dilemme, un gramme, un programme)

Lalphabet
This is the alphabet with French pronunciation, useful if you need to spell out your name, surname, address and so on. a a as in cat b be as in berry c sey as in Ceylon d de as in den, or the as in then e euh as in petite or a as in about f efe as in effective g je as in geometry: almost jay, but soft without the slight d sound h ash i ee as in feed j jee as in jeep, but without the d sound before the j k ka as in cat l ele as in elephant m eme as in emery board

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n ene as in enemy o o as in lot p pe as in petition q ku as in cuckoo r erre as in heretic (a throaty rolled r, like the ch of Loch) s esse as in essence t te as in terrible u like oo in food, but with the tongue as for ee in feed v ve as in verity w doobleve: ve as above, plus doobl x eekss y ee grayk ( Greek i) z zed as the English z Accented letters same as the French a ay almost as in day, a closed/tight vowel sound as e in set, a more open/wide sound as e in set, as for , a more open/wide sound soft c or s sound, as in cinema same as the French i same as the French o same as the French u same as the French u

Spelling and pronunciation

If you wish to speak French with a good accent, the following tips will be useful. Once you are familiar with them all, you will find that French spelling and pronunciation patterns are very reliable. Of course you won't learn them overnight, and it may be best to concentrate on learning and practising one at a time. 1. Single vowels a//, i/, o/, u/ and y (in French y is a vowel) remain the same: table = tabl(euh) difficile = deefeeseel gros = gro bicyclette = beeseeklet

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2. The vowel e is mute at the end of a word and you have to pronounce the preceding consonant). In other cases, it sounds as , or as in the alphabet: livre = leevr sel = sel ces = say petit = peuhtee

3. Where two or more vowels occur together, they combine to make a new sound: ai = ay e.g. lait, franais, jai au = o e.g. augmentation eau = o e.g. chteau, beau eu = euh e.g. deux, bleu = euh e.g. cur, sur oi = wa e.g. boire, noir, doigt ou = oo e.g. pour, lourd oui = (oo)wee e.g. oui ui = wee e.g. puis, aujourdhui

4. One or two vowels followed by a consonant also combine to make a new sound: ail = i e.g. travail, portail ain = like ang but without the hard g at the end e.g. pain, demain ais or ait = ay e.g. mais, venait an or am = like ahng but without the hard g at the end e.g. grand, ambulance en or em = like ahng but without the hard g at the end e.g. dent, temps ein = like ang but without the hard g at the end e.g. peindre, frein er = ay when at the end of a word e.g. parler, boulanger ez = ay e.g. chez, levez-vous! in or im = like ang but without the hard g at the end e.g. vingt, impossible oin = like wang but without the hard g at the end e.g. point, loin on = like long but without the hard g at the end e.g. donc, sont ill = y (except in ville and village) e.g. fille, aujourdhui

5. Final consonants are not pronounced. Exceptions are c, r, f, l (a good way to remember them is to think of being C-a-R-e-F-u-L) which are pronounced at the end of words except in blanc, estomac, clef and saoul where they are silent.
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6. Final consonants followed by e are pronounced, e.g. grand (mute d) > grande petit (mute t) > petite gris (mute s) > grise problme, soupe, veste, jambe, sportive 7. h is NEVER pronounced in the English way. However there are two kinds of h in French: h muet which is not pronounced at all. So the word is pronounced exactly as if it was started with a vowel and the liaison and contraction can occur as it there were no h e.g. lhomme, des htels. h aspir which is not pronounced but you cant make any liaison or contraction e.g. le homard, des haricots, le hockey. 8. Learn the following rules for c and g: c: a hard c or k sound before a, o, u, l, r: caravane, comme, cuisine, cl, crayon BUT: a soft s sound before e and i: cinq, doucement, cin, domicile g: hard g before a, o, u, l, r: gteau, gorge, guerre, glycrine, grec BUT: soft j before e and i: gnral, gilet In verb forms, to preserve the soft c sound, the c is written as before o and a: e.g. commencer > commenais / commenons Similarly, to preserve the soft g before a and o, French inserts a letter e after the g: e.g. manger > mangeais / mangeons 9. Note the following consonants and combinations of consonants and their pronunciation. acc + e or i = ks as in English: accident and accent, pronounced as akseedan and aksan acc + a, o, u or r = k as in English: accord, accumuler and accrossemenent, pronounced as akor, akumulay and akrwassman ch = sh: chaussure, avalanche g followed by u is a hard g as in guerre, as in the English gold (but never pronounced with a ye sound like the English guess) gn is pronounced as in the word canyon: Champagne, Agns, campagne ll = l: quelle, belle ph = f as in English: tlphone, pharmacie pn = both letters are pronounced: pneu

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q is always followed by u, together pronounced as k que = ke (never pronounced as in English quick) th = t (the h is mute): th, thtre 10. French intonation: the voice rises towards a comma, but falls towards the end of a statement; however, it rises towards the end of a question. 11. Stress on French words is very weak and occurs on the last syllable except when the word ends with an e. In that case the stress is on the preceding syllable. Note that the orthographic accents (e.g. , , , etc.) bear no relation to stress. Words ending with e have a slight stress on the penultimate syllable e.g. extrme, dictionnaire, chaise, bouteille, voiture, terre Words not ending with e have a slight stress on the last syllable. e.g. rdaction, opinion, htel, papier, candidat, important, lentement, charit 12. In some words, accents on letters are used simply to distinguish between pairs of words that would otherwise be identical. e.g. ou or a has/have sur on mur wall o where at, in sr sure mr ripe

13. Note that an e followed by a double consonant never takes an accent and is pronounced like (except for femme which is pronounced famm). e.g. terre, quelle, raquette, messe, maisonette, derrire, dilemme

14. Also note that an, en, in, on and yn before b, m or p become am, em, im, om and ym (except in nanmoins and bonbon) e.g. am: ambulance, ammener, ampoule em: embarquement, emmener, temps im: imbcile, immobile, important om: plombier, comme, pompe ym: symbole, symphonie

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Introduction

Listening to spoken French

You should aim to listen to spoken French as often as possible. Here are some suggestions. 1. Take every opportunity to listen to French, on the internet or TV, in French films or, better still, talking to French or French-speaking people. 2. Transfer recordings onto your i-pod or MP3 player. 3. If you have French friends, ask them to make recordings for you, with their news, or giving their views on the topics you are studying. 4. If you have internet access, try to find French radio broadcasts via the internet, sometimes possible via a radio station website. 5. When listening to recorded French, try to repeat what you hear, imitating the sounds as closely as you can. 6. When speaking to French people, ask them to correct your pronunciation.

Essay planning and writing

As at AS level in the AS Fren 1 exam, it is the essay question in A2 Fren 3 exam (the Listening, Reading and Writing exam) which carries a large proportion of the overall marks for the paper, in this case 40/110. Of those 40 marks, the largest chunk is awarded for Content (25/40) and this relates to performance in the following elements: understanding and knowledge of the task examples and evidence evaluation and personal reaction structure and progression. This last factor relies on good essay planning, which is clearly very important. So, here is a suggested approach to essay planning. Get into the habit of using it; try just planning a series of essays, then decide which is most promising and write that one up in full. To practise, you could even try sketching plans for random subjects such as 'Is the banana the best fruit to take to school?' or 'We need chairs: discuss'. You also need to bear in mind that the language marks are limited to the 'band' of the Content mark, so if your essay is vague and muddled but in perfect French, you will not be able to score highly for language! Planning a discursive essay Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Sketch overall structure using one of the models below A or B. Brainstorm using a spider diagram or mind-mapping: put down all the facts, knowledge and arguments which are relevant to the subject of the question. Write the essay, following the overall structure chosen and the internal structure of each paragraph, paying particular attention to the introduction and conclusion.

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STRUCTURE A for and against INTRODUCTION 1. 2. 3. 4.

STRUCTURE B step by step

General scene-setting Focus on precise issue Ask the question State how the essay will examine the subject

PARAGRAPHS a series of paragraphs for the suggestion in the question / intro, followed by a series of paras against (or vice-versa) 1. Topic sentence, introducing element of the problem 2. Explanation, definition, exploration 3. Evaluation for or against 4. Concluding sentence

PARAGRAPHS a series of paragraphs exploring various aspects of the subject, each containing arguments for and against and a conclusion 1. Topic sentence, introducing element of the problem 2. Explanation, definition, exploration 3. Arguments for 4. Arguments against (or vice-versa) 5. Concluding sentence

CONCLUSION 1. 2. 3. 4. Repetition of the subject and question Summary of points for Summary of points against (or vice-versa try to finish with your view) Final statement of your conclusion (as has been shown / as this essay has demonstrated / as an examination of the various aspects of... proves, ...')

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Using the internet for research

The following should give you some useful ideas, information and websites for your A2 French studies. 1. Reasons for using the internet in language studying The internet provides a fantastic range and variety of resources: you will almost always find something useful. It costs little or nothing to find resources on the internet for your study or for your coursework much cheaper than buying printed material. Using the internet in French is very good reading practice. Some sites allow you to switch from the foreign language back to English if you get stuck! The internet allows you to pursue your own interests and to find material your teacher can't provide; this helps make your work original. Internet use gives you an enormous amount of experience of reading and thinking about your foreign language. Examiners use the internet as a source for exam material: if you don't use it, you will be lacking experience of the sort of material they use: if it is good enough for them, it should be good enough for you! 2. Don'ts Dont use the internet if you can get better info elsewhere. Dont spend hours on fruitless surfing if unsure what you are looking for. Dont write long e-mail messages while online. Dont print out direct from the net while online: download onto hard disk first. Dont lose data by forgetting to save it. Don't rely on online translators they can be rubbish! A machine can't understand everything! Try one just for fun and see how wrong they can be. Dont get distracted, and don't give up too soon. Don't run up enormous telephone bills needlessly! 3. Dos Enter as many relevant words as possible in the search box to help your search; sometimes it helps to rearrange the words if you don't get the results you want; you can also use a + sign before a word to restrict a search to this aspect of your general topic; a sign can be used to re-try and ignore an area of the topic. Try to be accurate about use of upper and lower case; if you use lower case, most search engines will give you all matches with both upper and lower case; if you use upper case, some search engines will restrict matches to upper case ones. Inverted commas can be used to search for known quotations. If you want foreign language sites, use a search engine which lets you specify the country or language; sometimes it is best to use a foreign search engine good reading practice! Remember that each search engine is restricted to its own previously compiled databases: if at first you don't find what you want, try another search engine. Keep a note of useful site addresses you might wish to return to, if possible saving them in your 'favourites' file.

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4. Glossary of basic internet terminology bookmarks / favourites list of favourite sites browser software on your computer which links you to the world-wide web home page the first page of a website, with links to the listed pages HTML the computer language that 'shapes' the page (HyperText Mark-up Language) HTTP the common language for web computers to communicate with each other (HyperText Transfer Protocol) hyperlink text in blue which, when you click on it, connects you to other pages portal a sort of gateway into a range of related websites search engine software which searches its associated database server your link to the internet you may pay for this, unless you use a free service URL the letters and numbers which make up the internet address of a website (Uniform Resource Locator) For more definitions, try this website: http://www.matisse.net/files/glossary.html

Using e-mail
When sending long e-mails, write them offline, adding attachments, then go online, sending them in batches if sending several. Use for contacts with school/class/student in target language country, and to exchange information and materials. Use e-mail contacts, such as foreign students, for your own research on issues and for seeking opinions, by sending appropriate questionnaires. Use email to contact foreign institutions such as animal rights and environmental organisations to request hard-copy materials. If you use an e-mail friend to check and correct your written work, ask your teacher first!

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Lenvironnement

1A La pollution

Unit 1 La pollution: flau de la plante

On completion of this unit, you should be able to: talk about different types, causes and effects of pollution use present and past tenses of the passive voice formulate questions

Useful vocabulary and phrases

le constructeur (automobile) (car) manufacturer mondial(e) worldwide milliard billion les dchets waste, refuse gnrer to produce le besoin need provenir to come from lnergie fossile fossil fuel le ptrole oil le gaz gas le charbon coal le combustible fuel lintrus the odd one out la pollution atmosphrique air pollution (la fonte) de la calotte glaciaire (melting) of the icecap la dforestation deforestation la scheresse drought le taux de recyclage recycling rate lemballage mnager household packaging le patrimoine heritage ltre humain human being la gestion management en gros roughly speaking la poubelle bin lordure mnagre household waste putrescible biodegradable le papier et le carton paper and cardboard le verre glass lre industrielle industrial era la consommation consumption la circulation routire et arienne road and air traffic le chauffage heating le ptrolier oil tanker lgout sewer le navire ship le naufrage shipwreck le rchauffement warming

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Lenvironnement

bouleverser to upset la canicule heatwave la tempte storm linondation flood leffet de serre greenhouse effect les gaz effet de serre greenhouse gases

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Lenvironnement

Use this table to write your own list of useful vocabulary and phrases.

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Lenvironnement

Activit 1

Page 9, Le saviez-vous?

Exemple:

Trouve un(e) partenaire et deux lisez lencadr Le saviez-vous? Quen pensez-vous? Trouvez des points positifs et ngatifs comme dans lexemple ci-dessous. Discutez de vos rponses avec votre professeur la prochaine confrence vido.

Positif: L'industrie automobile franaise est importante. Ngatif: on ne peut pas augmenter sans cesse le nombre de vhicules dans le monde.

. . . . . . . . . . . .

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Activit 2

Page 9, Pour commencer

Trouve un(e) partenaire et deux rpondez aux questions de Pour commencer. Discutez de vos rponses avec votre professeur la prochaine confrence vido.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Activit 3

Page 10, 1a

Lis la Charte de lenvironnement sur www.ecologie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/charte_environnement2.pdf puis trouve un(e) partenaire et deux traduisez en anglais une phrase de la Charte. Prsentez votre phrase votre professeur la prochaine confrence vido.

.... .... .... .... ....

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Activit 4

Page 10, 1b

Prends le mot POLLUTION. A laide dun dictionnaire, trouve pour chaque lettre un mot li au thme de lenvironnement. Puis trouve trois autres mots associs au premier. Prpare-toi discuter de tes rponses avec ton professeur la prochaine confrence vido.

P....

O....

L.....

L.....

U....

T.....

I......

O.....

N.....

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Lenvironnement

Activit 5

Page 10, 2a

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.

Lis les textes La pollution par les dchets en France et Les types de pollution et leurs causes. Fais correspondre les expressions quivalentes. Prsente tes rponses ton professeur la prochaine confrence vido.

. . . . . . . . . .

Activit 6

Page 10, 2b

Fais des recherches! Est-ce que les dchets mnagers chez toi ressemblent ceux des Franais? Ecris 50 mots et envoie ton paragraphe ton professeur qui le corrigera.

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Lenvironnement

Activit 7

Page 11, 3

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.

Lis l'article Les effets de la pollution et choisis les bonnes fins de phrase. Prsente tes rponses ton professeur la prochaine confrence vido.

. . . . . .

Activit 8

Page 11, 4

i. ii.

Ecoute lentretien et note les dtails suivants. Discute de tes rponses avec ton professeur la prochaine confrence vido.

Leffet de serre ressemble : .. .. La temprature moyenne la surface de la Terre avec et sans leffet de serre naturel: . ..

iii. iv. v.

Trois exemples de gaz naturels: .. .. Consquences du rchauffement: .. La raison du rchauffement .. ..

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Lenvironnement

Activit 9

Page 11, Grammaire

Maintenant un peu de grammaire. Etudie lexplication sur le passif la page 116, puis fais les activits AC sur la feuille de travail 1A: La pollution: flau de la plante (Grammaire). Prsente tes rponses ton professeur la prochaine confrence vido.

Activit 10

Page 11, 5

Ecoute le reportage et fais les activits interactives. Prsente tes rponses ton professeur la prochaine confrence vido.

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Lenvironnement

Activit 11

Page 11, 6

Inondations au Mexique. Fais les activits AD sur la feuille de travail 1A: La pollution: flau de la plante (6 & 7). Puis aide-toi de ton travail pour crire 10 questions poser un journaliste sur place. Prsente tes rponses ton professeur la prochaine confrence vido. 1. ............................................................................... 2. ............................................................................... 3. ............................................................................... 4. ............................................................................... 5. ............................................................................... 6. ............................................................................... 7. ............................................................................... 8. ............................................................................... 9. ............................................................................... 10. ...............................................................................

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Lenvironnement

Activit 12

Page 11, 7

A loral, prsente le problme de la pollution en considrant les aspects suivants: ce qu'on constate depuis l're industrielle les causes de la pollution de l'air et de l'eau ce que vous pensez du problme des dchets.

Fais les activits EF sur la feuille de travail 1A: La pollution: flau de la plante (6 & 7) pour taider prparer ta prsentation. Prpare-toi faire ta prsentation la prochaine confrence vido.

Flicitations: tu as termin ta premire unit!

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