In situ generation and emission free storage of hydrogen

Leonid Surguchev g

Hydrogen
energy of the future

H2 + O2 = H2O + Energy

Review of industrial hydrogen production processes

About 50 million tons of hydrogen were produced in the world in 2009. 10% production growth every year. H lf of Half f it is i produced d d from f methane th and d 20% f from coal. Hydrogen consumption:
Ammonia production (50%) Methanol production (10%) Hydro cracking (10%) Hydro-cracking Hydro cleaning (10%) Refining (10%)

Conventional hydrogen production

1. HydroCarbon Gas production (HCG) 3. Steam reforming of HCG into hydrogen, CO2 capture

2. Process, compress and transport of HCG 4. CO2 separation, transport, sequestration

Capture and storage of CO2 from a power plant alone can increase the energy costs by up to 60%.

Energy and enviroment

Each step of processing and compressing gas requires energy Capture and storage of CO2 from the power plant can increase cost of the energy by up to 60% CO2 contributes to green house effect and is strong corrosive agent

Imagine avoiding it all!

The proposed process will allow

Generation of clean energy source, accumulation and storage sub terrain. Commercialisation of Huge tight gas and shale gas resources in the world Remaining oil in depleted fields Heavy oil and bitumen deposits Coal bed methane.

Prevention of green house gases release to the atmosphere.

Imagine clean hydrogen

Hydrogen producing well Gravity segregation of hydrogen upwards and hydrocarbons downwards Injection of precursor and release of active catalyst nanoparticles Reforming of hydrocarbons into hydrogen H2 Horizontal injection well
H2O and CO2

procursor

H2

CHn H2

CHn

Steam reforming; CO2 capture and storage; H2 compression ALL in on place in the reservoir!

Concept verification
1. Industrial hydrogen production processes. 2. Laboratory experiments:
Catalytic conversion of methane to hydrogen at high P and T. Gravity segregation in the porous medium at reservoir conditions.

3. Numerical simulation of the p process and history y match of the laboratory experiments.

Catalytic conversion of methane to hydrogen

Laboratory apparatus to perform a set of tests at various pressures and temperatures:
Pressure gauges

Vacuum pump Closing valves Storage container

Heating g oven

High pressure p cell Methane container

GC

Catalytic conversion of methane to hydrogen

Conversion analysis:
GC detected hydrogen in syngas Thermo-dynamic equilibrium - 57.2% methane conversion Conversion achieved according to GC: ca 15% CO / CO2 ratio from thermodynamics: 1.49 Very close value measured in GC: 1.47 Ratio Methane/water = 1/5
Temperature, 0C 600 750 900 Pressure,bar 200 9.6 28.7 60.6 350 7.3 22.0 47.8 500 6.1 18.0 41.0

CO2 and CO

H2 and d CH4

Catalytic conversion of methane to hydrogen

Reformation of NG: CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2 - syngas - main hydrogen source Water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction: CO + H2O CO2 + H2

Initial composition: CH4 and H2O Expected final composition: H2, CO, CO2, CH4, H2O
Intelligent use only

Modelling catalytic conversion

Reaction mechanism Chemical reactios with precursor activation

Diffusion of reaction products to and from catalist particals dominate

Flow experiment in the porous medium at reservoir conditions

Critical points for
Methane: Tc= -82.40C, Pc= 46.4 bar CO2: Tc= 310C, Pc= 73.8 bar

Two experiments were performed:

1) 1000C, 25 bar CO2 is liquid; density 817.6 kg/m3, viscosity 0.074 cP Methane is supercritical; density 75.9 kg/m3, viscosity 0.014 cP CO2 is 10.8 times more dense than methane 2) 600C, 500 bar CO2 is supercritical; density 933.5 kg/m3, viscosity 0.1 cP Methane is supercritical; density 245.5 kg/m3, viscosity 0.03 cP CO2 is 3.8 times more dense than methane

Flow experiment in the porous medium at reservoir conditions

Measurements of -ray attenuation enable detection of phase saturations at various stages of the experiments
Differential pressure transducer monitors the differential pressure across the core.

Produced fluids flow into a gas collection system with a GC measurements

Flow experiment in the porous medium at reservoir conditions

Experiment at 250C and 100 bar

EOS 2D simulations with 50*50 cells model

Clear gravity segregation: CO2 is sinking downwards after injection is shut resulting in a bank

Flow experiment in the porous medium at reservoir conditions

Experiment at 600C and 500 bar

Clear gravity segregation: CO2 is sinking downwards after injection is shut resulting in a bank

Flow experiment in the porous medium at reservoir conditions

Gamma attenuation change is increasing with increase of CO2 concentration. The gamma scans show a fast gravitational segregation of CO2 downwards the core. Early breakthrough of CO2. core
Experiment 1, 250C and100 bar Experiment 2, 600C and 500 bar

Flow experiment in the porous medium at reservoir conditions

250C and 100 bar

Simulation of CO2 in the core

Simulation with diffusion and dispersion

CO2 and H2 in the reservoir

Hydrogen is the lightest gas with molecular weight of 2 g/mole in comparison with 18 g/mole of water and 44 g g/mole of CO2. CO2 dissolves in water 700 times better than H2 and 70 times better than CH4. Processes of segregation, dissolution, diffusion and vaporisation of multicomponents mixtures containing CO2 do not have adequate representation today in the numerical reservoir simulation models.

Future hydrogen recovery

In-situ hydrogen generation from hydrocarbon
Carbon nano structure store high volumes of hydrogen HYDROGEN produced

No CO2 emissions

CARBON left In-situ

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Process advantages
Hydrogen - cleanest energy source Hydrogen storage and transport issues resolved No HC and CO2 gas subsurface-surface circulation, compression and transport No CO2 emissions p and storage g at no cost right g in situ CO2 capture

Thank you for your attention!

Leonid.Surguchev@iris.no

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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

The IPR is secured through a commercialisation agreement, t a UK patent t t application li ti No N 99745.63382, PCT application and WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation). The Patent has been filed by IRIS through IRISForskningsinvest AS and partners.

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