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ICMR Center for Management Research







Turkey: Emerging as a Value-based Destination Amidst
Economic Slowdown
This case was written by Syeda Maseeha Qumer, under the direction of Debapratim
Purkayastha, ICMR Center for Management Research (ICMR). It was compiled from
published sources, and is intended to be used as a basis for class discussion rather than to
illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a management situation.
2009 ICMR Center for Management Research

ICMR, Plot # 49, Nagarjuna Hills, Hyderabad 500 082, India
Email: info@icmrindia.org.
www.icmrindia.org







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Turkey: Emerging as a Value-based Destination Amidst
Economic Slowdown
2009 promises to be a year of heavy tourism promotion for Turkey despite the global economic
crisis. A massive new tourism promotion campaign in 80 countries starting in January will work to
attract more visitors and strengthen Turkey as a global brand.
1

- Guven Tasbasi, director general for promotion in the Ministry of Culture and
Tourism, in 2009.
The Turkish tourism sector will ultimately be positively affected by the [economic] crisis. People
will continue going on holiday, but now, instead of going to Italy or Spain and paying a lot more
for worse service, people will choose to come to Turkey.
2

- Hacer Aydin, Director, Eastern Mediterranean Tourism Fair
3
(EMITT), in 2009.
TURKEY- QUEEN OF THE MEDITERRANEAN
In 2008, despite the global economic recession
4
, tourist arrivals in Turkey increased by around
12.5% to 26.2 million from 23.3 million in 2007.
5
The heavy inflow of tourists during this period
was mainly attributed to the affordability factor as cost conscious tourists considered Turkey a
good value destination compared to the traditionally expensive options. According to analysts, the
tourism sector in Turkey was one of those showing the greatest progress in the world and the key
to the continued attraction that the country held for visitors was the careful coordination between
marketing and planning of the rich tourism resources of the country. Commenting on the growth of
the tourism sector in Turkey, Ibrahim Yazar (Yazar), a bureaucrat in the Turkish Ministry of
Culture and Tourism (MoT), said, The number of foreign tourists visiting Turkey rose 13 percent
in 2008 when compared to the previous year. No other country in the world has enjoyed such an
increase in the number of tourists being received. Turkish tourism will grow 10 percent in 2009.
6


1
UAE Agency Wins Turkey Tourism Contract, www.tradearabia.com, February 9, 2009.
2
Turkish Tourism Sector Emerging from Crisis Stronger, www.traveldailynews.com, February 2, 2009.
3
The 13th annual International Eastern Mediterranean Tourism Fair was held between February 12 and 15,
2009, in Istanbul. Considered the most important travel and tourism fair in the Eastern Mediterranean
region, it featured exhibitors from more than 55 countries.
4
The global economic crisis began in July 2007 due to a loss in the value of securitized mortgages in the
US resulted in a liquidity crisis. The reasons attributed for the downfall of the economy were collapse of
the US mortgage market that led to the bursting of the housing bubble in the US, soaring commodity
prices, and stock market volatility. In September 2008, the crisis deepened, as stock markets crashed
worldwide, large financial institutions collapsed, and several mortgage lenders and insurance companies
went bankrupt.
5
Promotional Campaigns Boosting Tourists Flow in Turkey, www.rncos.com, March 27, 2009.
6
Turkish Tourism to Boom In spite of Financial Crisis, www.turkishweekly.net, March 2, 2009.
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Turkey, officially called the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental Eurasian country stretching
across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern
Europe. Analysts said it was its strategic location amidst Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Middle East
that made it one of the most preferred tourist destinations across the world. The country attracts
visitors with its churches, palaces, mosques, museums, historical, and natural sites. Over the years,
the tourism sector in Turkey has experienced rapid growth and has constituted an important part of
the economy of towns and cities. Apart from sea-sand-sun tourism, Turkey offers alternative forms
of tourism such as winter, highland and health tourism, as well as nature sports which are very
popular in the country. Experts are of the opinion that easy accessibility and good connectivity
with other countries have played an important role in encouraging tourist arrivals.
In the first quarter of 2009, to promote tourism in the country, the MoT of Turkey carried out a
series of promotional campaigns in several countries including North America, the Eastern
European countries, and the Middle East. The campaigns focused on Turkeys tourism potential
internationally and the tourism options available in the country. Recognizing the importance of
tourism to the Turkish economy, in 2007, the MoT announced a long-term tourism strategy up to
2023. One of the objectives of the strategy was to attract 40 million visitors by creating seven
tourist development corridors, nine cultural and tourism zones, ten tourism cities, and nine marinas
by 2013. It aimed to attract a smaller and more elite group of tourists rather than a large crowd.
Conferences, boutique hotels, hunting, scuba diving, golfing, yachting, and mountain climbing
were the important elements included in Turkeys Tourism Strategy 2023. Analysts were of the
opinion that if the strategy was implemented successfully, Turkeys tourism sector would be able
to contribute to the economy in every season of the year.
However, analysts also pointed out that the tourism industry in Turkey was plagued by political
and economic problems. The ongoing global economic crisis and the terrorist attacks by Kurdish
insurgents might affect the tourism prospects in the country, they said. But officials from MoT
were confident that Turkey would weather the economic crisis better than other countries.
According to Hacer Aydin (Aydin), director of EMITT, Everyone was expecting a crisis. This is
going to be a kind of natural selection. We are used to this. We are not the US or the UK. We have
crisis-handling abilities in our blood. We are in many ways like water: If you put it into a cup it
takes the cups shape immediately.
7

BACKGROUND NOTE
Turkey, generally referred to as the the cradle of civilization,
8
was established in the 1920s by
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
9
. It is a vast country with incredible landscapes bordered by four different
seas. It boasts of a rich historical and cultural heritage and natural beauty. Spanning the continents
of Europe and Asia, Turkeys strategic location has helped it become one of the major tourist
destinations in the region. Considered as a great destination for beach holidays, Turkey offers a
reliable climate, beach resorts, archeological and historical sites, good quality accommodation,
varied cuisine, water sports, and land-based activities - and all at a reasonable cost. Besides the
sea-sand-sun tourism, the tourism sector of Turkey has growth potential for alternative forms of
tourism such as winter, highland, and cultural and health tourism (Refer to Exhibit I for a snapshot
of Turkey). Tourism is vital to Turkey as is evident from the fact that it accounted for 10% of
employment and vast proportion of revenue as of 2007.
10
The tourism logo of Turkey features a

7
Turkish Tourism Sector Emerging from Crisis Stronger, www.traveldailynews.com, February 2, 2009.
8
Turkey is popularly called the cradle of civilization as it has been home to different civilizations, races,
cultures, and religions since 6500 BC.
9
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a Turkish army officer. He was the founder of the Republic of Turkey as well
as its first President.
10
Turkeys Tourism Encourages Property Investors, http://edisonford.mbatestsite.co.uk, April 10, 2007.
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tulip bent sideways. Analysts say a tulip was used in the logo because it was native to Turkey and
was later exported to European countries where it became very popular (Refer to Exhibit II for the
logo of Turkey tourism).
According to analysts, the unique selling propositions of Turkey are its history, culture, scenic
beauty and people who are friendly and warm. Turkey is a favorable tourist destination as it can fit
any travelers budget and it is one of the few places in the world which offers such a variety of
tourist attractions, they said. Turkey has a vast wealth of cultural monuments including the ancient
cities of Ephesus and Troy, the mosques and Byzantine churches of Istanbul, chimney rock
formations of Cappadocia, the House of the Virgin Mary, thermal springs, wild cave systems, and
tree house resorts. Turkeys chief asset is its long coast line along the Aegean and Mediterranean
seas which boasts of international tourism centers such as Bodrum, eme, Marmaris, and
Antalya. Istanbul, one of the worlds biggest metropolitan cities, is the heart of Turkish economic,
commercial, and social life.
Good air connectivity makes it easy for tourists to reach Turkey from all major places around the
world thereby increasing tourist arrivals to the country. Analysts said that one of the key appeals of
a holiday in Turkey was affordability as the country was not part of the euro zone and had
remained relatively unaffected by the performance of the British pound against the euro. Known as
a value for money destination, accommodation is affordable and the cost of living low. Many
foreign nationals mainly Britons, Germans, and Greeks own properties in Turkey, predominantly
along the Mediterranean and Aegean coastlines.
According to analysts, Turkeys tourism industry had taken a long time to develop and until the
mid-1980s, there was no major progress made in the tourism sector. In 1980, around 1.3 million
tourists arrived in the country, bringing in only US$ 326 million as tourism receipts.
11
Experts
opined that the low tourism income was mainly because of declining incomes in European
countries, increased competition from other Mediterranean destinations, and lack of proper tourism
marketing. The government too did not pay special attention to the tourism sector nor did it
undertake any major initiative to promote tourism in the country, they said.
The tourism sector in Turkey began to make impressive progress in the second half of the 1980s,
mainly because of the support from the government. According to experts, the government
realized that the tourism sector was a potential source of revenue for the country and began to
promote mass tourism. During the 1990s, in order to boost tourism in Turkey, the government
invested in transport infrastructure, offered incentives to investors in tourism including long-term
grants of government-owned land at lower rents, import rights, the right to employ foreign staff,
and tax exemptions. As a result, the tourism industry boomed. In 1997, the tourism sector of
Turkey recorded 9.7 million visitors with US$ 7 billion of receipts.
12
Over the years, tourist
arrivals to Turkey grew steadily as the country opened up new avenues and improved accessibility.
In 2000, the income generated from tourism increased greatly and remained at high levels after
that. Tourism income generated from both domestic and foreign visitors increased from US$ 12
billion in 2002 to US$ 16.8 billion in 2006. In 2007, more than 23 million foreign tourists visited
Turkey, a 50% increase when compared with only 13 million visitors in 2002.
13


11
Justin Huggler, Special Report: Turkey: Tourisms Faltering Success, www.independent.co.uk, June 26,
1998.
12
Justin Huggler, Special Report: Turkey: Tourisms Faltering Success, www.independent.co.uk, June 26,
1998.
13
http://www.us-istanbul.com/pdfs/reports/turkey/turkey_tourism.pdf
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In 2005, Turkish tourism was aggressively marketed and promoted. Turkey participated in 87
tourism fairs across 40 countries. It registered a 241.4% increase in the number of foreign tourist
arrivals between 1990 and 2005 - the highest growth among OECD countries.
14,15
The number of
foreign tourists coming to Turkey increased from less than 10 million in 2000 to more than 21
million in 2005, according to the Turkish Statistical Institute (TK). Between 2002 and 2005,
Turkey was among the worlds top 10 destinations as the annual number of visitors grew from
12.8 million to 21.2 million. In 2005, it was among the top five tourism markets globally. Istanbul
was named as the fourth best city in Europe in November 2005 by Cond Nast Traveler
16
, in its
annual Worlds Best Readers Poll. According to a report by the Organization of Tourism
Journalists and Writers
17
(TUYED), barring the year 1999, Turkeys tourism income and the
number of incoming tourists had increased at an annual rate of 10% between 1997 and 2007
18

(Refer to Table I for Tourism Income and Tourist Arrivals between1999-2005).
Table I
Tourism Income and Tourist Arrivals: 1999-2005
Years Income in
million US$
Arrivals
1999 5.203,0 7,487,285
2000 7.636,0 10,412,000
2001 10.066,5 11,618,969
2002 11.900,9 13,256,028
2003 13.203,1 14,029,558
2004 15.900,0 17,517,610
2005 18.611,0 21,122,789
Source: http://www.ddf.com.tr
DECLINE IN 2006 AND SUBSEQUENT REVIVAL
However, in 2006, the number of tourists and tourism income decreased by 6.5% and 9.8%
respectively. The number of visitors declined to 19 million and tourism receipts decreased to US$
12.5 million. The drop was attributed to a series of unfortunate events such as the bird flu
outbreak, the explosion by terrorists in Antalya, and the crisis related to the caricatures of the
Prophet Mohammed
19
. In addition to this, the overvaluation of the Turkish Lira
20
, infrastructure

14
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organization
comprising 30 member countries committed to democracy and development of market economy. The aim
of these countries is to support economic growth, boost employment, raise living standards, and assist
other countries in economic development.
15
Turkey Plans to Regain Tourism Ground, www.turkishdailynews.com.tr, May 2, 2007.
16
Cond Nast Traveler is an American magazine published by Cond Nast Publications.
17
The Organization of Tourism Journalists and Writers (TUYED) is an association of journalists, writers,
editors, reporters, and researchers who report on the developments in the Turkish tourism industry.
18
Turkeys Tourism in 2007: Think Positive, www.turkey-now.org, February 16, 2007.
19
The cartoon incident happened in 2006 when a Danish newspaper carried 12 cartoons of Prophet
Mohammad (the founder of the religion of Islam) including one which showed him with a bomb in his
turban. This led to an uproar in the Muslim world, including Turkey, and widespread protests and
incidents of violence condemning the cartoons were reported.
20
As on August 2009, 1 Lira was approximately equal to US$ 0.683 (or) 0.405.
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problems, and intense competition contributed to the drop in tourism revenues in Turkey.
According to a report released by Business Monitor International (BMI)
21
, In line with the fall in
foreign tourist arrivals, international tourist receipts declined in 2006 by around four per cent year-
on-year to $18.6 billion. This followed a near 15 per cent year-on-year rise in international tourist
receipts in the previous year. While the country has repeatedly seen annual increases in the number
of visitors of 10 per cent 15 per cent over the past 15 years, there have been several significant
reversals in growth, such as during the 1991 Gulf War, which saw arrivals fall by more than 20 per
cent, and the 2003 Gulf War.
22

Though Turkey experienced a sharp downturn in arrivals in 2006, it recovered strongly in 2007. A
favorable exchange rate and a waning of fears about terrorism helped to stimulate demand. In
order to revive the image of the tourism industry, the Turkish government came out with some
new advertising campaigns in 2007 depicting the concept of peace rather than beauty. The tourist
operators used pictures of people instead of the Turkish landscape and monuments in advertising
material. According to Hasan Zongur, Director of the Turkish Cultural and Tourism office in the
US, [The situation] is getting better, but after 9/11, tourism numbers dropped. For this year, it is
getting better. This is mainly because of our public relations activities and promotional campaigns
carried out in the US market and in the South American countries and Canada.
23,24

Gradually, with extensive promotion, the tourism sector in Turkey recovered from the setbacks. In
2007, Turkeys annual revenues from the tourism sector ranged between US$ 16 million and US$
18 million and the sector provided indirect employment to 2.5 million people. In March 2007, the
number of foreign tourists visiting Turkey reached nearly 1,100,000, a 19.3% increase when
compared to 2006.
25
In the rankings of the Worlds Top Tourist destinations in terms of
international tourist arrivals and international tourism receipts in 2007, Turkey occupied ninth
position and tenth positions respectively (Refer to Exhibit III for country-wise ranking based on
International Tourism receipts between 1995 and 2007).
Turkey focused on regional advertising rather than countrywide strategies. Talking about the
strategy, Oktay Varler (Varler), Honorary President of the Turkish Tourism Investors
Association (TYD), said, Our main strategy for increasing tourism going forward should be
destination based advertising programs. Through using such strategies, people will leave the bad
memories of assassins, bombings, and terrorist events behind and they will be able to assess each
region based on their respective qualities. The budget of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism
(Ministry) increased from $70 million to $120 million. A significant amount of this money should
be allocated to regional advertising.
26
In the years 2008 and 2009, the MoT began investing
heavily in the tourism sector. In 2009, the total budget allocated by the MoT region-wise was US$
45 million (Refer to Exhibit IV for budget distribution for the year 2009).

21
Business Monitor International (BMI) is a UK-based leading print and online publisher of specialist
business information on global emerging markets. Its customers and clients span more than 130 countries
worldwide.
22
Leah Bower, Kurdish Problem Takes Toll on Turkeys Tourism, http://archive.gulfnews.com, October
30, 2007.
23
The September 11 attacks often referred to as nine-eleven were a series of coordinated suicide attacks by
militant group Al-Qaeda upon the US in 2001.
24
Leah Bower, Kurdish Problem Takes Toll on Turkeys Tourism, http://archive.gulfnews.com, October
30, 2007.
25
Turkey Plans to Regain Tourism Ground, www.turkishdailynews.com.tr, May 2, 2007.
26
Turkey Plans to Regain Tourism Ground, www.turkishdailynews.com.tr, May 2, 2007.
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In order to promote Turkey as a favorable tourist destination, the MoT launched a series of
advertising campaigns in several countries. The aim of the campaigns was to raise Turkeys profile
in the global tourism market and to boost its tourism industry (Refer to Exhibit V for key elements
of Turkeys promotional strategy).
PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGNS
In January 2009, a massive tourism promotion campaign was launched by the MoT in 83 countries
with the aim of attracting more visitors and strengthening Turkeys position as a global tourism
brand. The objective of the campaign was to increase tourist arrivals by 10% and tourist revenue
by 12% by the end of 2009. The other goals of the campaign were to expand Turkeys market
share in the main markets, to expand the demand for tourism all around the year, and to position
Turkey and destinations such as Istanbul as a preferred alternative for short holiday breaks.
To design the promotional campaigns, advertising agencies were selected in different countries
through a tendering process. As part of the process, advertising agencies from around the world
submitted their bids for different regions like America, Europe, the Middle East & North Africa
(MENA), and the Far East & India. On December 18, 2008, the Turkish MoT organized a press
conference to announce a list of advertisement agencies that had been selected to promote Turkey
abroad in 2009 (Refer to Table II for the list of promotional agencies region wise).
Table II
Promotional Agencies (Region wise)
Country Agency
Northern and
Southern America
YK Agency Founded in 1985 yk Agency is a full service global
advertising agency. Some of its clients include Danone, Procter &
Gamble, MediaCat, and Halkbank.
Europe, Germany,
Austria
Best Werbeagentur Founded in 1989, it is one of the leading
advertising agencies in Germany specializing in creative design and text,
production, direct marketing, and public relations.
Russian Federation,
Ukraine
Iconisus L&Y It is a US-based advertising and graphic design agency
providing visual solutions to entertainment and corporate based markets.
Europe, Middle
Asia Republics,
Balkans
dDf International The Dream Design Factory (dDf) established in 1993,
is a full service advertising agency design specializing in communication
design.
The Middle East,
Northern Africa
Medium Rare Advertising LLC / Inbar Consortium Medium Rare is a
branding and advertising boutique agency based in Dubai.
The Far East, India B-Tops Advertising Based in Ghuangzhou, B-Tops is a creative ad
agency.
Compiled from various sources
As part of the promotional campaigns, the MoT launched a series of television commercials
targeted at international travelers. These commercials reflected the nature, culture, history,
lifestyle, and hospitality of the country. Along with the TV commercials, the MoT released five
different destination films featuring Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia, Cappadocia, the Turquoise
Coast, and Antalya. Outdoor campaigns were launched near locations such as fast food restaurants,
movie theaters, the airport road, railway stations, shopping centers, buses, bus stops, sport centers,
opera and ballet houses, art gallery entrances, museum entrances, faades, and the surroundings of
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international buildings. To promote the tourism diversity of the country, the MoT published and
distributed 14 new booklets on topics which highlighted the potential for windsurfing and bird
watching in Turkey. Some of the destinations promoted in the booklets were Istanbul, Ankara,
Antalya, Denizli, Izmir, Canakkale, and Bursa. The campaign was introduced in cities around the
world with news and advertisements showcasing Turkish tourism and culture.
The MoTs promotional initiatives in some of the key markets such as North America, the Middle
East, the UK, Russia, and other countries are discussed here:
NORTH AMERICA
Between January and September 2004, American arrivals in Turkey increased by 47.41%, up by
more than 100,000 visitors. Experts opined that the growth in the number of Americans traveling
to Turkey could be largely attributed to the aggressive advertising and public relations campaigns
introduced by the MoT.
To design a new campaign for promoting Turkeys tourism in North America, the MoT awarded
YK Agency and Global Advertising Strategies
27
the creative, media buying, and planning
advertising contract. The contract was awarded after a review of more than 50 creative and 20
media agencies worldwide.
In March 2009, to promote Turkey as a tourism destination, the YK Agency launched a
comprehensive campaign called Unlimited Turkey in North America. According to Necati
zkan, Managing Director of the YK Agency, Throughout the ad pitch process we conducted
an intensive analysis, and we found that every global traveler is seeking authentic travel
experiences. According to WTO trends, there has been a switch into this `authentic` focus. Turkey
has a unique brand that provides an ultimate blend of a wide range of experiences and our creative
conveys this through an all encompassing word Unlimited.
28

The campaign targeted the experienced traveler in the US, Canada, and Mexico. The strategy
behind this new campaign was to reach those who preferred traveling to the Mediterranean region
by presenting Turkey as a diversified destination with modern cities, beaches, and historical
landmarks (Refer to Exhibit VI for images of the Unlimited Turkey campaign). Talking about
the reason behind the launch of the campaign, Hasan Zongur (Zongur), Director for Turkish
Culture and Tourism in New York, said, We chose the YK Agency, Global Advertising
Strategies, and MSilver PR
29
as our agency partners for their deep understanding of Turkey, its
diversity and its culture, as well as the great synergies among them. We also chose to launch this
campaign in the U.S. market because we believe that Turkey is the perfect destination that
provides everything that American travelers seek authentic experiences, extensive history,
diverse culture, and matchless nature.
30

The first series of ads related to the Unlimited Turkey campaign were launched in the first week
of April 2009. The ads featured the landscapes of Turkey, the countrys diversity, and culture. As
part of the campaign, billboards were installed in major markets and prominent outdoor locations
in North America. Advertisements related to the campaign appeared on television, in nationwide
glossies, the travel sections of leading dailies, travel trade media, and even on double decker buses
as full bus wrap
31
displays. Commenting on the campaign, Zongur said, This integrated campaign

27
Global Advertising Strategies is a US-based international full service marketing, advertising, and
interactive agency.
28
Turkey Chooses the YK Agency and Global Advertising Strategies to Launch its Visit Turkey
Tourism Campaign Throughout North America, www.reuters.com, March 24, 2009.
29
M. Silver Associates Inc. is a full-service marketing communications and public relations agency
specializing in travel, tourism, the hospitality industry, and luxury lifestyle sectors.
30
Turkey Chooses the YK Agency and Global Advertising Strategies to Launch its Visit Turkey
Tourism Campaign Throughout North America, www.reuters.com, March 24, 2009.
31
The full bus wrap is an exterior display with colorful graphics appearing on the entire bus.
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will position Turkey as the go-to destination for anyone wishing to experience the history and
allure of European culture. Turkeys tourism product is composed of harmonious, compatible
components which appeals to all types of travelers. Our destination offers some of the finest
beaches, mountains, and cities such as Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya, Mt. Ararat, and the Black
Sea region.
32

In June 2009, the US public TV channel, PBS, aired a show on prime time promoting Cappadocia
located in central Turkey. The show featured the underground cities in Cappadocia and focused on
the pottery and weaving shops and the hospitality of people in that region. According to The
Office of Turkish Tourism in New York, the show meant to advertise Turkey was worth around
US$ 3 million.
THE MIDDLE-EAST
In 2009, Medium Rare Advertising LLC (Medium Rare)
33
was entrusted with the responsibility of
promoting Turkey as a tourist destination in the MENA region for the third consecutive year after
it had bagged the tender for the Turkish Tourism Campaign. Experts were of the opinion that
Medium Rare was able to secure the bid for the MENA region following two successful years of
developing campaigns that increased visitors to Turkey. According to Cumhur Guven Tasbasi, the
Director General for Promotion at MoT, During the last two years, Medium Rare Agency
succeeded in creating a future direction for Turkey Tourism Campaign, which was outstanding.
Through their recent tender process, they presented a compelling and exciting evolution of the
campaign going forward.
34
In 2008, Turkey registered a phenomenal increase in visitors from the
Gulf region. The highest number of visitors (55%) was from Kuwait followed by the UAE at 39%
and Bahrain at 27%, and Saudi Arabia at 24% and Qatar at 13%.
35
To further increase the visitor
numbers in 2009, Turkey decided to implement a promotion campaign in the MENA region.
With its experience, Medium Rare aimed to create and build awareness of Turkey as a favorable
tourist destination in the region and to promote the tourism industry in general. Talking about the
role of the agency in promoting Turkey as a tourist destination, Haitham Hidmi, managing director
of Medium Rare, said, The competitive tender process saw 55 agencies from the region pitch
strong and creative idea. Our 2009 campaign will build on Turkeys outstanding nature and rich
culture positioning. We will target the MENA traveler market by appealing to their desire for an
interactive inspiring travel experience with an opportunity for personal growth and
transformation.
36

As part of the promotional campaign, The Turkish Tourism Office in Dubai, representative of the
MoT in UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait, organized a Cultural Nights of Istanbul festival in
April 2009 followed by a shopping festival in Istanbul between March 15 and April 15, 2009. The
tourism office in Dubai did not expect the economic crisis to affect Turkeys tourism industry and
said that the tourist arrival numbers from the Middle East would increase by 45% in 2009.
Commenting on the effect of the crisis, Emin Kaya, cultural and information attach from the
Turkish consulate, said, Our perception of the global crisis is that it wont affect Turkeys tourism
industry assumingly it will create new opportunities for this market. This is due to the fact that
travelers will no longer choose expensive destinations and some will not travel to far off
destinations nor stay away as much because of the crisis. So Turkey can be described as a value for
money destination and will be giving more options for short term holidays.
37


32
Turkey Premiers Unlimited Turkey Tourism Ad Campaign, www.travelagentcentral.com, March 24,
2009.
33
Medium Rare Advertising LLC is a branding and advertising boutique agency based in Dubai.
34
Medium Rare Advertising Wins Tender for Turkish Tourism Campaign, www.ameinfo.com, February
9, 2009.
35
UAE based Agency Wins Global Advertising Tender, www.zawya.com, February 8, 2009.
36
UAE based Agency Wins Global Advertising Tender, www.zawya.com, February 8, 2009.
37
Festivals Planned to Attract ME Visitors to Istanbul, www.ttnworldwide.com, July 2009.
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THE UK
Turkey is among the UK tourists favorite holiday spots and an estimated 2.2 million tourists
visited Turkey during 2008.
38
Analysts felt that the increase in the number of tourists from the UK
was mainly because Turkey was considered as an affordable holiday destination, especially during
the credit crunch. Over the years, a series of promotional campaigns had been launched in the UK
showcasing the best features of Turkey. For instance, the official advertising campaign, Turkey is
Just Fun depicted the pleasant atmosphere of Turkey. The campaign appeared in print and TV
ads. According to the Turkish Tourism Office in the UK, the tourism sector in Turkey was one of
the fastest growing tourist centers in the world. According to Irfan Onal, director for the Turkish
Culture and Tourism Office in the UK, We are incredibly pleased to see the number of travelers
to Turkey continue to grow. In line with our objectives of increasing the understanding amongst
both consumers and the trade of what Turkey has to offer, we have been working hard to develop
Turkeys visibility around the world and grow the countrys profile even further by developing
awareness of the cultural side of Turkey.
39

RUSSIA
Russia was the second largest contributor to Turkeys tourism, with the number of visitors from
Russia growing significantly every year. In Russia, the advertising campaigns promoting Turkey
focused on sea tourism and nature. The slogan used to attract more Russian tourists to Turkey was
Beaches is not all we have to offer!
In 2008, the MoT organized a promotional campaign of Turkey in Russia. During the first six
months of the advertising campaign, 1,261 short ads were broadcast on various television
channels. By November 2008, 1,434 spots had been aired. A total of 23 Turkey publicity campaign
ads were published in 17 magazines. In the months of March and May 2008, in 10 cities, 19 ads
promoting sea tourism, nature, history, love, family, and Istanbul were displayed on billboards
around the country. In Moscow, 116,028 advertisements were displayed on 11 leading billboards.
Between September and November 2008, additionally, 111,160 advertisements were put up on a
billboard in Kazan and these ads were aired on 13 screens in St. Petersburg and Moscow in order
to raise awareness about Turkey. The Turkish government collaborated with Russian carriers such
as GTI Russia, Fresh Travel, Natali Tours, and Tez Tour, and Russian journalists to promote
tourism to Turkey. The year 2008 was declared the Year of Turkish Culture in Russia. In
addition to a fashion week and street festival, ballet performances, folk dances, orchestral concerts,
lettering, and tile and stone carving exhibitions were organized as part of the Turkish culture year.
About 100,000 copies of a 64-page magazine on Turkey were distributed. In 2009, advertising
agency Iconisus L&Y was awarded the contract to promote Turkey in Russia.
OTHER COUNTRIES
In the first half of 2008, the MoT launched numerous promotional campaigns in Eastern European
countries such as the Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Romania, and Poland, as well as in Greece,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia. As part of the campaign, TV channels and newspapers
in these countries provided the public information about the seas, beaches, and climate in Turkey.
The campaigns promoted Turkey by releasing ads on billboards, on the Internet, and through
announcements in movie theaters. The advertising campaigns in Poland promoted family holidays
and meeting facilities in Turkey. The ads were presented on 15 TV channels and in 15 magazines
informing people about the culture and history of Turkey. The press in Bulgaria, Romania, Greece,
and Bosnia and Herzegovina featured attractions in Istanbul and promoted Efes
40
as a health
tourism center, while in Macedonia, the focus was on Turkish cuisine and entertainment.

38
Number of Arriving-Departing Foreigners and Citizens, December 2008, http://www.kultur.gov.tr.
39
Turkey Benefitting from Credit Crunch, www.ttnworldwide.com, February 2009.
40
Efes is the Turkish name for the ancient Greek city of Ephesus.
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In 2009, as part of its global marketing campaign, the MoT launched an ad campaign at Changi
Airport in Singapore. The advertisement promoting Turkey as a holiday destination was featured
on a banner at the check-in counters of a departure terminal. The advertising banner, one of the
biggest static advertising displays within the airport, featured a hot-air ballooning event in
Cappadocia. According to Ertan Kurt, counselor, Turkish Embassy Tourism and Information
Office, Malaysia, Singapore Changi Airport is one of the busiest hubs for international travelers.
With our advertisement on Eyes platform, we hope to increase awareness for Turkey as an
exciting destination and draw more visitors from the Singapore region.
41

The MoT also launched a comprehensive promotional campaign in India in 2009 to present the
cultural and historical assets of Turkey in a bid to gain a share in the countrys travel market. Top
actors from the Hindi film industry were roped in for the campaign and the ads were to be shot in
historical locales of Turkey such as Bosporus in Istanbul, the Cappadocia region, and Antalya. The
Turkish tourism campaign also reached other countries, including Japan, China, South Korea,
Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, as well as some of Central Asian countries such as Azerbaijan,
Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. While the
promotional ads in Japan emphasized cultural tourism, the ads in China presented Turkey as an
East-West synthesis. In South Korea, the promotional campaigns focused on the exotic feel of
places like Cappadocia and Istanbul and Turkish cuisine.
The MoT planned to promote Turkey throughout the world by placing ads on taxicabs, mass
transportation and buses, and at airports, railway stations, and seaports. Yazar stated that 350 taxi
cabs in the Netherlands and Germany will be decorated with ads of Turkey and carry such ads for
a period of two months.
42

RESULTS
Since 2006, the Turkish tourism industry had reported remarkable growth. Experts were of the
opinion that the year 2008 was remarkable for Turkeys tourism. Factors like growing income
levels, government support, and the countrys strategic location contributed to the growth of the
tourism industry in the country. The 2008 target of tourist arrivals was surpassed in November
2008 itself. According to a report, Turkey Tourism Industry Forecast to 2012 from RNCOS
43
,
Turkey received more than 26 million international tourists during 2008 and the inflow of tourists
was expected to grow, despite the economic crisis. Turkey had an exciting tourism season in 2008
as the country attracted 18.5 million tourists in the first eight months, an increase of 15% over the
number of tourists in 2007.
44
The number exceeded 25 million by the end of the year. Turkey as a
tourism center attracted strong interest from Russia, the Ukraine, the Gulf region, and other west
European markets. Antalya drew over 8 million tourists in the first nine months of 2008, while 5.5
million tourists visited Istanbul and 2.7 million tourists visited Mugla during the same period.
45

Analysts attributed the rise in the number of tourists visiting Turkey despite the economic
slowdown to a series of successful promotional campaigns and government support. As of 2008,
Turkey received more than 20 million tourists each year (Refer to Exhibit VII for distribution of
foreigners arriving in Turkey by years and months from Jan 2007-May 2009). The MoT was
responsible for setting up and implementing legal arrangements, plans and policies, and projects
that would direct the tourism industry in the fields of marketing, promotions, and R&D.

41
Rayana Pandey, Turkey Tourism Eyes Singapore, www.marketing-interactive.com, May 20, 2009.
42
Turkish Tourism to Grow by 10 Percent in 2009, www.cumberland-properties.com, February 28, 2009.
43
RNCOS is an Indian market research and information analysis company with a global presence.
44
http://www.smpublication.com/meet_pdf/november08.pdf
45
Ozgur Tore, Turkeys 2009 Tourism Strategy Announced, www.ftnnews.com, October 15, 2008.
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The year 2008 saw an increase of 11.66% in the number of foreign visitors arriving in Turkey from
OECD countries and a 15.30% increase in the number of foreign visitors arriving in Turkey from
East Europe.
46
Germany occupied the first place with a share of 16.84% (4,250,216) in the
comparison of arriving foreign visitors by nationality from January-November 2008. In 2008,
Antalya registered the highest number of foreigners followed by Istanbul (Refer to Table III for
number of foreign visitors by provinces).
Table III
Foreign Visitors by Provinces: January-November 2008
Antalya 8,442,714 (33.44%)
Istanbul 6,587,103 (26.09%)
Mugla 2,866,622 (11.36%)
Edime 2,321,502 (9.20%)
Izmir 1,005,002 (3.98%)
Source: http://www.traveldailynews.com
According to the MoT, between January and May 2009, Turkeys tourism was down only by
0.72% over the same period of 2008 even though the number of tourists worldwide dropped by 1-
2% in the first five months of 2009 due to the global financial crisis and concerns related to the
outbreak of swine flu
47
. In February 2009, the number of international tourist arrivals to Turkey
rose 0.27% year-on-year to 898,927.
48
As per the records, 7,327,542 foreigners visited Turkey
between January and May 2009. Out of them, 1,204,391 were German, 522,077 were Russian,
515,891 were Bulgarian, and 514,946 were British
49
(Refer to Exhibit VIII for distribution of
foreigners arriving in Turkey by nationality from JanuaryMay 2007-2009). Industry observers felt
that these positive indicators reflected the rising preference for Turkey as a favored tourist
destination among tourists worldwide. According to Thomas Cook, the second largest travel
operator in Europe, the hottest ticket in the summer of 2009 was a holiday in Turkey
50
. US
President Barack Obama too visited Turkey between April 6-7, 2009 and visited several cultural
and historical sites in Istanbul.
Experts felt that the MoT, which was the recipient of six Adrian Awards
51
in 2004, had
successfully positioned Turkey as one of the worlds most sought after tourist destinations.
Analysts attributed the significant growth in the number of tourist arrivals in Turkey to a series of
ad campaigns launched by the tourism authorities in Turkey. The success and impact of these
advertising campaigns were supported by the fact that extensive articles such as the Treasures of
the Turkish Coast and At the Crossroads, appeared in Cond Nast Traveler and Travel+
Leisure
52
respectively. In addition, numerous articles appeared in major newspapers like the New
York Times, Los Angeles Times, and Miami Herald as well.

46
Turkey Surpass 2008 Target in 11 Months, www.traveldailynews.com, December 29, 2008.
47
In 2009, the swine flu pandemic was caused by an outbreak of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype
H1N1 found in pigs. This strain can be transmitted among humans and is generally associated with
symptoms of influenza. Experts believed that the swine flu pandemic affected the travel and tourism
industry, particularly in countries worst affected by the pandemic.
48
Deprecating Lira Improves Tourists Inflow to Turkey, www.rncos.com, April 14, 2009.
49
Turkish Tourism Only Down 072 Percent in Five Months, www.turkishweekly.net, June 23, 2009.
50
Foreign Visitors to Turkey on the Rise, www.propertywire.com, April 16, 2009.
51
The Adrian Awards honor outstanding achievements in advertising, public relations, and web marketing in
the travel industry. The awards are presented by the Hospitality Sales and Marketing Association
International (HSMAI), an international organization of sales and marketing professionals in hospitality,
travel, and tourism.
52
Travel + Leisure is a travel magazine based in New York City.
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Experts pointed out that the other significant factor which contributed to the growth was the
depreciation in the Turkish Lira
53
against the euro and the dollar in the first quarter of 2009. For
those affected by the credit crunch, the fall in the value of the Turkish Lira made Turkey an
affordable year round holiday destination when compared to Spain, Italy, and France, they said. It
was reported that in 2009, more Britons would head to Turkey, Egypt, and Morocco for a holiday
because of the slumping of the pound against the euro which had pushed up the cost of traditional
tourist destinations and made Europe an expensive tourist proposition.
The tourism sector in Turkey recorded a phenomenal growth in 2008 and overtook Spain as the top
destination for British tourists, said a spokesperson from the MoT Office in the UK. According to
the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA), the demand for travel to Turkey rose 32% in
2008 and this trend was expected to continue even in 2009.
54
With the position of the currencies
unlikely to get much better we expect people will continue to look further afield to North Africa
and Turkey, which offer much better value for money and where you can still find dinner for two
for 20,
55
an ABTA spokesman said.
CHALLENGES
One of the biggest challenges for the Turkish government was to revive tourism in the South-East
region of Turkey. This region was considered as a hub of cultural and religious monuments, but its
tourism potential was affected by Kurdish terrorism in the area. Held under military control and a
State of Emergency, the region was kept off-limits to all. The government planned to revive
tourism in the region. Some organizations alleged that the Turkish military were waging a brutal
war against the people of Kurdistan and reported that Turkey was using all its tourism revenues in
the war against the Kurds.
56
Reportedly the military spent up to US$10 billion every year on the
war. In order to protest the violation of human rights in Turkey, some organizations launched anti-
Turkey campaigns, urging tourists to stop visiting the country. Analysts felt that Turkeys troubles
with Kurdish separatists had hit its tourism market hard. It was a major blow to Turkey which
depended heavily on the tourism sector to boost its economy, they said.
Though the US market held great potential for Turkish tourism, the number of US tourists visiting
Turkey was low compared to other countries that had entered the world tourism market much later.
For instance, a new entrant like Croatia was a holiday destination for 1.2 million US tourists per
year. Some analysts attributed the low numbers to the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001 in the US. It
was reported that the number of US visitors coming to Turkey had gone down to 222,000 in 2003
when compared to an average of 500,000 yearly visitors prior to the attacks. Though the number
increased in 2006, experts felt that the government of Turkey should promote its tourism well all
around the year. Campaigns were carried out only during the in-season in the US whereas no
campaigns were launched during off-season, they pointed out.
The greatest threat to the Turkish tourist sector stemmed from the price slashing measures
implemented to attract more tourists. It was reported that Germans and Russians were able to book
a trip to Turkey along with a stay in a five-star hotel for just 200 Euros
57
. As a result, though the
number of foreign tourists increased, the profits remained stagnant. According to Aydin, The
number of tourists coming from abroad is growing, but the profits are not.
58
Experts were of the

53
In the first quarter of 2009, The Turkish Lira dropped by more than 20% in value, making Turkey one of
the worlds most affordable places for European tourists.
54
Britons Head Further Afield for Holidays to Avoid Expensive Euro Zone, www.traveldailynews.com,
December 29, 2008.
55
Britons Head Further Afield for Holidays to Avoid Expensive Euro Zone, www.traveldailynews.com,
December 29, 2008.
56
http://home.clara.net/heureka/sunrise/trhols02.htm
57
Turkish Tourism Sector Emerging from Crisis Stronger, www.traveldailynews.com, February 2, 2009.
58
Turkish Tourism Sector Emerging from Crisis Stronger, www.traveldailynews.com, February 2, 2009.
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14
opinion that the government needed to opt for increases in prices in order to realize more profits
from the tourism sector. But some analysts wondered whether the price hike would go down well
with the tourists and whether it would affect the tourism market in Turkey.
According to analysts, there were certain other factors hindering the progress of tourism in Turkey.
For instance, events like natural disasters, epidemic diseases, or terrorist attacks had an adverse
impact on the tourism revenues. In 2008, PETA
59
made a Please Dont Visit Turkey call in the
UK urging tourists not to visit Turkey until Turkish officials dealt with animal welfare issues in a
professional manner. PETA reported that every year, Turkeys streets were cleaned before the
tourist season started. Dogs were poisoned or transported to remote areas where most of them died
due to starvation.
60
Analysts felt that the MoT should stop the abuse of cats and dogs in Turkey
which otherwise might affect tourist arrivals from the UK.
Analysts were of the view that the government of Turkey should come out with specific
advertising strategies to dilute the effect of situations such as terrorist attacks which otherwise
might impact the tourism industry seriously. Talking about the importance of the terrorism issue
while defining Turkeys tourism strategy, Varler said, When a bomb explodes in Turkey we are
being affected severely. However, similar events in many other countries do not produce the same
result. Turkey is still a Middle Eastern country in the minds of the general public. There are very
big prejudices that we must eliminate. In particular, the reform process that is taking place as a
result of the European Union negotiations should remain steady. Through these negotiations, the
prejudices and the negative attitude toward Turkey would wither away.
61

OUTLOOK
Analysts opined that the future of Turkish tourism looked promising as the country was fast
gaining popularity as a value-based destination and this might give it an advantage over rival
destinations. It was reported that the MoT had allocated 115 million liras (approx US$ 68 million)
for the promotion of Turkish tourism in 2009.
62
Though the number of foreign tourists choosing
Turkey as a holiday destination was down 1.08% in May 2009 because of the economic crisis,
officials were expecting a rise in the number in the following months and planned to host 25
million tourists in 2009.
63
Turkeys tourism industry could overcome the effects of the global
economic crisis if it came out with a well-organized promotion policy, they said. Talking about the
effects of the global recession on the tourism industry in Turkey, Ertugrul Gnay (Gnay), the
Culture and Tourism Minister of Turkey, said, Despite the crisis, people all around the world will
continue to visit tourist destinations and European tourists in particular are likely to prefer closer
destinations, like Turkey, instead of remote places, such as the Far East, China, and Japan. Turkey
can turn the crisis into an opportunity if it promotes itself well internationally and adopts a
reasonable price policy.
64

The target set by MoT for 2009 was an increase of 10% in the number of tourists visiting the
country and a 12% increase in tourism revenue. According to Gnay, in 2009, Turkey would focus
on destination-oriented advertising and promotional campaigns to make Turkey a global brand in
tourism. The tourism ministry also planned to design a series of international campaigns which
would highlight Turkish cities such as Istanbul, Antalya, and Cappadocia as destinations for
international travelers in 2009. To target tourists from America, Europe, the Middle East, and the

59
Founded in 1980, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is an animal rights organization. It
is based in Norfolk, Virginia.
60
http://action.peta.org.uk/ea-campaign/clientcampaign.do?ea.campaign.id=3772
61
Turkey Plans to Regain Tourism Ground, www.turkishdailynews.com.tr, May 2, 2007.
62
Turkish Tourism to Grow by 10 Percent in 2009, www.cumberland-properties.com, February 28, 2009.
63
Turkish Tourism Only Down 072 Percent in Five Months, www.turkishweekly.net, June 23, 2009.
64
Ozgur Tore, Turkeys 2009 Tourism Strategy Announced, www.ftnnews.com, October 15, 2008.
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Far East, the Ministry planned to launch more international campaigns. Turkey also planned to
participate in tourism fairs to be held in London, Moscow, and Berlin in 2009. The MoT planned a
series of promotional activities in Switzerland, Spain, Germany, America, Austria, and China to
promote Turkey, with a Turkish Day event to be held in France in 2009.
To give a further boost to the tourism industry, MoT along with the private sector, allocated a
budget of US$ 320 million to promote tourism to Turkey in new markets through advertising.
65

The advertising campaigns were to focus on the countrys diversity in tourism such as sea-and-sun
tourism, faith tourism, winter sports, sailing tourism, health, thermal and congress tourism, and
Turkish cuisine and hospitality. Turkey was also becoming a popular wedding tourism destination,
especially among couples from Arab countries, Iran, and Greece.
Analysts were of the opinion that Turkey had several opportunities to develop alternative tourism,
which included in addition to coastal tourism, health and thermal tourism, winter sports, mountain
climbing and lay out tourism, adventure trips, plateau tourism, and ecotourism, conference and
expo tourism, cruise ship and yacht tourism, golf tourism, etc. Experts were of the opinion that
though sea-and-sun tourism was the most popular, cultural tourism and medical tourism too were
increasing their market share. It was reported that globally, the medical tourism sector was
estimated to grow by more than 150% in 2009. As Turkeys medical tourism sector charged
comparatively low prices and offered quality service, it increasingly drew patients and aging baby
boomers
66
from Europe and the Middle East, analysts said. Dr. Mahir Turan, General Manager of
Medical Park Goztepe Health Complex, said, In the past, foreign patients used to prefer Turkey
due to lower costs, whereas now they prefer the country due to its high quality.
67

Turkeys MoT was encouraging development in the industry and had set a long-term tourism
strategy with the ultimate goal of becoming one of the five top destinations in the world to receive
the highest number of tourists and tourist receipts by 2023. To ensure the sustainable and healthy
development of the tourism sector in Turkey, the MoT devised the Tourism Strategy of Turkey
2023 with the primary objective of guiding the tourism industry in the product management and
implementation phases. The strategy dealt with the wiser use of the natural, cultural, historical, and
geographical assets present in Turkey (Refer to Exhibit IX for the objectives of Tourism Strategy
of Turkey -2023).
Experts predicted that Turkish tourism would grow by 10% in 2009 despite the global economic
crisis. Commenting on the expected annual increase of tourists in Turkey, Yazar said, The
number of tourists arriving in Turkey from various European countries continues to grow annually.
We are noticing a decline in the number of tourists coming from Russia, Ukraine, Belgium, and
the Netherlands. However, we expect a 25% increase in the number of tourists coming to Turkey
from the Middle East in 2009. More than two million tourists from the Middle East are expected to
visit Turkey in 2009.
68

Experts felt that Turkey would emerge stronger from the economic crisis as it provided value to
the tourists. Instead of visiting countries such as Italy and Spain, tourists would prefer to visit
Turkey in these tougher times, they said.
69
However, they also acknowledged that Turkey had to
overcome some serious challenges it if were to achieve its objective of becoming one of the top
five destinations of the world.

65
Promotion Campaigns Boosting Tourists Flow in Turkey, www.rncos.com, March 27, 2009.
66
Baby boomer is a term used to refer to persons born after World War II, generally between 1946 and
1964.
67
Turkey, Shining Star of Health Tourism, www.invest.gov.tr, June 10, 2009.
68
Turkish Tourism to Grow by 10 Percent in 2009, www.cumberland-properties.com, February 28, 2009.
69
Turkish Tourism Sector Emerging from Crisis Stronger, www.traveldailynews.com, February 2, 2009.
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16
Exhibit I
Snapshot of Turkey
Location Turkey is located in the southwestern part of Asia.
It is bordered by the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea
and the Mediterranean Sea.
Area Total: 780,580 sq km
Land: 770,760 sq km
Water: 9,820 sq km
Population 76,805,524 (July 2009, estimated)
Ethnic Groups Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated)
Major Religion Islam
Capital Ankara
Largest city Istanbul
Currency Turkish Lira
Government Republican Parliamentary Democracy
GDP (purchasing
power parity)
US$ 906.5 billion (2008 estimated)
Languages Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority
languages
Compiled from various sources


Exhibit II
Turkey Tourism Logo


Source: http://madeinturkey.deviantart.com/art/Turkey-Tourism-Logo-54646970



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Exhibit III
Country-wise Ranking Based on International Tourism Receipts
(In US$, billion)
Country 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007
1 United States 63.4 82.4 81.8 85.7 96.7
2 Spain 25.4 30.0 48.0 51.1 57.8
3 France 27.4 30.8 44.0 46.3 54.2
4 Italy 28.7 27.5 35.4 38.1 42.7
5 China 8.7 16.2 29.3 33.9 41.9
6 UK 20.5 21.9 30.7 33.7 37.6
7 Germany 18.0 18.7 29.2 32.8 36.0
8 Australia 8.1 9.3 16.9 17.8 22.2
9 Austria 12.9 9.8 16.1 16.6 18.9
10 Turkey 5.0 7.6 18.2 16.9 18.5
Source: www.tourismroi.com/Content_Attachments/27670/File_633513750035785076.pdf
Exhibit IV
Budget Distribution for Year 2009
Country
Bunches
Total Group Budget
(US$, million)
Estimated Budget in some key countries (US$,
million)
America 4 US (4)
Europe 33.3 Italy (1), Spain (1), France (1), UK (4.5), Denmark
(1), Finland (1), Russia (5), Ukraine (1.75),
Kazakhstan (1), Bosnia & Herz (0.3), Bulgaria (1.5),
Macadonia (0.25), Germany (7.5), Netherlands (1.25),
Poland (1), Switzerland (1), Austria (1), Poland (1),
Belgium (1)
Middle East-
North Africa
3.95 UAE (1), Pakistan (0.2), Saudi Arabia (0.5), Egypt
(0.35), Iran (0.5), Syria (0.4), Israel (1)
Far-East and
India
3.75 China (1.25), Japan (1.25), Malaysia (0.5), India
(0.75)
Total 45
Adapted from www.tourismturkey.jp/pressrelease/document/Budget.doc


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Exhibit V
Key Elements of Turkeys Promotional Strategy: 2009
Objective
To promote tourism with a focus on specific destinations, at a time when world tourism markets
accelerate and travel dates are set was the objective of the advertising campaign. The following
marketing and communications goals were to be met:
Marketing goals:
- To expand Turkeys market share in main markets, preserving share in the mature
markets, and increasing the share in the developing markets.
- To increase the total number of visitors by 10% and the revenue by 12%.
- To increase the percentage of the number of tourists with high income levels.
- To increase tourists individual spending and the duration of their stay.
- To expand the demand for tourism throughout the year by decreasing the impact of
seasonality.
- To increase Turkeys share of culture, golf, congress, yacht, city, health, and eco
tourism.
- To ensure a balanced distribution of tourist activities to Turkeys different regions.
Communication goals:
- To position Turkey as a positive and well-known tourist destination
- To increase awareness of the natural richness and historical places of Turkey through
destination marketing
- To emphasize the variety and harmony of Turkeys tourism products
- To position Turkey and destinations such as Istanbul as an important alternative for
short breaks (Easter, Christmas, New Years Eve, school holidays, etc.)
- To promote international sports activities, cultural and artistic events taking place in
Turkey
- To cherish a friendly and welcoming human factor with slices of life
Target Marketing
The campaign in each country region was to be in tune with local realities and had to
emphasize:
The uniqueness of Turkey, in the perception of the target groups
Primarily destinations and locations, also including the human factor and the values,
Easy access for the nearby countries, regions
Quality of the vacation for distant countries quality/price/presentation ratio
Target Consumer Profile
- Middle and high education and income levels
- Sensitive about price but at the same time giving importance to the product quality
- Young and middle-aged groups
- Frequent travelers
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Communication Strategies and Tactics
The overall tone of the campaign to project Turkey as a peaceful, contemporary country
with self-respect.
Communication to emphasize different and genuine national humanitarian values.
Use of online elements for direct sales as well as for creating value.
Preparation in advance of special advertisement campaigns for important international,
sports, arts, and cultural events and fairs.
Other Considerations
Existing country logo to be retained but there were provisions for some special
applications for specific destinations.
A slogan/integral idea was to be developed that would not lose its meaning when
translated into different languages and that could be used through all disciplines.
Diversity and new approaches to be reflected in outdoor campaigns.
Crisis Management
To be prepared to counter threats such as regional economic or political problems,
counterpropaganda, war, biological threat, ,natural disasters and developments which
can affect price and profit margins, that could have a negative impact on the
promotional campaign.
To adopt a proactive approach to protect the current image and prevent a negative image
of the country, prevent a possible reduction in the demand, and determine the priority
markets in order to preserve the general level of demand.
Adapted from www.tourismturkey.jp/.../Communication-Marketing_Strategies.doc





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20
Exhibit VI
The Unlimited Turkey Campaign


Source: http://michael-shirley.com
Exhibit VII
Distribution of Foreigners Arriving in Turkey by Years and Months:
January 2007-May 2009
Months 2007 2008 2009 Rate of change (%)
2008/2007 2009/2008
January 714,425 782,786 751,817 9.57 -3.96
February 787,048 896,482 898,927 13.90 0.27
March 1,099,960 1,305,297 1,207,729 18.67 -7.47
April 1,520,954 1,647,903 1,750,281 8.35 6.21
May 2,287,645 2,748,564 2,718,788 20.15 -1.08
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Months 2007 2008 2009 Rate of change (%)
2008/2007 2009/2008
June 2,774,076 3,305,832 - 19.17 -
July 3,624,156 4,084,764 - 12.71 -
August 3,384,065 3,762,136 - 11.17 -
September 2,799,276 2,981,044 - 6.49 -
October 2,152,908 2,462,497 - 14.38 -
November 1,177,475 1,267,996 - 7.69 -
December 1,018,923 1,091,376 - 7.11 -
Total 23,340,911 26,336,677 - 12.83 -
5 months total 6,410,032 7,381,032 7,327,542 15.15 -0.72
Source: www.kultur.gov.tr
Exhibit VIII
Distribution of Foreigners Arriving in Turkey by Nationalities in 2007-2009(*) (Jan May)
Countries 2009* Share % 2008 Share % 2007 Share %
Germany 1,204,391 16.44 1,292,459 17.51 1,168,510 18.23
Russian fed. 522,077 7.12 649,793 8.80 517,684 8.08
Bulgaria 515,891 7.04 442,642 6.00 457,936 7.14
UK 514,946 7.03 466,816 6.32 396,541 6.19
Georgia 453,245 6.19 272,229 3.69 238,142 3.72
Iran 388,837 5.31 364,500 4.94 328,257 5.12
Netherlands 314,086 4.29 336,516 4.56 297,173 4.64
France 271,768 3.71 261,210 3.54 219,764 3.43
Greece 210,852 2.88 194,759 2.64 143,734 2.24
Italy 178,597 2.44 158,221 2.14 108,943 1.70
Others 2,752,852 37.57 2,941,887 39.86 2,533,348 39.52
Total 7,327,542 100.00 7,381,032 100.00 6,410,032 100.00
*Provisional Data
Source: www.kultur.gov.tr


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22
Exhibit IX
Objectives of the Tourism Strategy of Turkey: 2023
To design a planning approach that supports economic growth, is physically applicable and
socially relevant, and reflects the principle of sustainable tourism.
To further tourism investments by designing incentive schemes that would make tourism
investment projects economically feasible and viable.
To attain institutionalization through councils to be established at the national, regional,
provincial, and local levels and to ensure the active participation of the tourism sector as
well as related public and private entities and NGOs in the decision making process.
To provide alternative tourism products based on acceptable quality and affordable prices to
various groups in the society.
To ensure prioritization of R&D in the tourism industry among private and public sector
and tourism organizations.
To purge the densely populated and fastest growing tourism centers of transportation and
infrastructural problems.
To introduce marketing and promotion activities at each destination, in addition to the
national marketing and promotion campaigns with the ultimate objective of branding on a
national regional and local scale.
To set up and introduce an education program in tourism, which would yield measurable
outcomes.
To activate Total Quality Management in every constituent of the travel industry.
To manage branding of cities rich with cultural and natural heritage and convert them into a
point of attraction for travelers.
To develop the means for alternative tourism types particularly health, thermal, winter, golf,
sea tourism, ecotourism and plateau tourism, conference, and expo tourism activities.
To make arrangements for strengthening the infrastructure of areas where mass tourism
activities grow intense and for extending the tourism season throughout the entire year in
these regions.
To use tourism as a key tool for local and regional development in tourism development
areas comprising more than one city to be transformed into destinations.
To develop a certain route for tourism on definite themes, by rehabilitating historical and
natural texture.
To develop nature tourism in accordance with development plans.
Adapted from Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, 2007.

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References and Suggested Readings:
1. Festivals Planned to Attract ME Visitors to Istanbul, www.ttnworldwide.com, July
2009.
2. Turkish Tourism Only down 072 Percent in Five Months, www.turkishweekly.net,
June 23, 2009.
3. Turkey, Shining Star of Health Tourism, www.invest.gov.tr, June 10, 2009.
4. Rayana Pandey, Turkey Tourism Eyes Singapore, www.marketing-interactive.com,
May 20, 2009.
5. Turkey Plans to Regain Tourism Ground, www.turkishdailynews.com.tr, May 2,
2007.
6. Foreign Visitors to Turkey on the Rise, www.propertywire.com, April 16, 2009.
7. Deprecating Lira Improves Tourists Inflow to Turkey, www.rncos.com, April 14,
2009.
8. Promotional Campaigns Boosting Tourists Flow in Turkey, www.rncos.com, March
27, 2009.
9. Turkey Chooses the YK Agency and Global Advertising Strategies to Launch its
Visit Turkey Tourism Campaign Throughout North America, www.reuters.com,
March 24, 2009.
10. Turkey Premiers Unlimited Turkey Tourism Ad Campaign,
www.travelagentcentral.com, March 24, 2009.
11. Turkish Tourism to Boom In spite of Financial Crisis, www.turkishweekly.net,
March 2, 2009.
12. Turkish Tourism to Grow by 10 Percent in 2009, www.cumberland-properties.com,
February 28, 2009.
13. UAE Agency Wins Turkey Tourism Contract, www.tradearabia.com, February 9,
2009.
14. Medium Rare Advertising Wins Tender for Turkish Tourism Campaign,
www.ameinfo.com, February 9, 2009.
15. UAE based Agency Wins Global Advertising Tender, www.zawya.com, February 8,
2009.
16. Turkish Tourism Sector Emerging from Crisis Stronger, www.traveldailynews.com,
February 2, 2009.
17. Turkey Benefitting from Credit Crunch, www.ttnworldwide.com, February 2009.
18. Britons Head Further Afield for Holidays to Avoid Expensive Euro Zone,
www.traveldailynews.com, December 29, 2008.
19. Turkey Surpass 2008 Target in 11 Months, www.traveldailynews.com, December 29,
2008.
20. Leah Bower, Kurdish Problem Takes Toll on Turkeys Tourism,
http://archive.gulfnews.com, October 30, 2007.
21. Ozgur Tore, Turkeys 2009 Tourism Strategy Announced, www.ftnnews.com,
October 15, 2008.
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22. Turkey Plans to Regain Tourism Ground, www.turkishdailynews.com.tr, May 2,
2007.
23. Turkeys Tourism Encourages Property Investors,
http://edisonford.mbatestsite.co.uk, April 10, 2007.
24. Turkeys Tourism in 2007: Think Positive, www.turkey-now.org, February 16, 2007.
25. Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023, www.kulturturizm.gov.tr, 2007.
26. Justin Huggler, Special Report: Turkey: Tourisms Faltering Success,
www.independent.co.uk, June 26, 1998.
27. http://www.us-istanbul.com/pdfs/reports/turkey/turkey_tourism.pdf
28. http://www.smpublication.com/meet_pdf/november08.pdf
29. http://action.peta.org.uk/ea-campaign/clientcampaign.do?ea.campaign.id=3772
30. www.kultur.gov.tr

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