Frequency Planning Steps for GSM

By shisenchi On 16 January 2013 In GSM

Frequency Planning is possible by manually or automatic. At initial stage of new RF Network automatic frequency planned and then after for optimization, based on P!, manual frequency planning done. Manual Frequency Planing Steps

"he steps to be followed in manual frequency planning are# $alculating the frequency reuse distance theoretically. %etermining the cell repeat pattern Planning the frequency groups. !nputting the planned frequency into the planning tool. &enerating the $'! and $'A plots and checking out the results. Rectifying the fault areas.

Determining the cell repeat pattern

Frequencies ha(e to be reused at different cells throughout the network to ma)imize capacity. "he distance cells using the same set of frequencies is called the frequency reuse distance. "his reuse distance depends on the number of frequency reuse groups N. *nce N has been determined e(ery Nth cell will be assigned the same frequencies. Also a minimum recei(ed signal le(el has to be pro(ided throughout the co(erage area of the network. "he cell repeat pattern is dependent on the frequency spectrum a(ailable, the traffic required and most important on the way the network is planned. &enerally +',- or + site repeat pattern and . site repeat patterns are used.

Cell reuse pattern

"he distribution of the $'! ratio desired in a system determines the number of frequency groups, F, which may be used. !f we ha(e N carrier frequencies then No of carriers / group = N/F

/ince the number of frequency groups are fi)ed, a smaller number of frequency groups 0F1 results in more carriers per set and per cell. 2ence a reduction in the number of frequency groups would allow each site to carry more traffic. 2owe(er decreasing the number of frequency groups and reducing the frequency reuse distance results in lower a(erage $'! distribution in the system.

&enerally +',- and .'-, reuse patterns are used.

7/2 Cell reuse pattern

/ay we ha(e ., frequencies and we require , carriers per site then we can use + site repeat pattern. 2ence a cluster will be formed of + sites.

!/ 2 Cell reuse pattern

/ay we ha(e .3 frequencies and we require . carriers per site then we can use . site repeat pattern. 2ence a cluster will be formed of . sites.

"he frequencies for manual frequency planning for a cluster size of + and for a cluster size of . are arranged as shown below

"nterference Pre#iction

*nce the repeat pattern is determined the frequencies should be entered in the planning tool. 4nter the $'! threshold and $'A threshold. For &/5 put -,d6 0&/5 specifies 7 8d61 as $'! and 9d6 0&/5 specifies $'A 7 :8d61 as $'A. &enerate a $'! and $'A plot. Analyze the plot and check for problems. %ebug and sol(e the interference problems. Note that to get a correct $'! and $'A plot, all the sites prediction on the tool should be completed.

5oreo(er the models should be correctly tuned and the co(erage predicted by the propagation model should match the co(erage on the field.

$utomatic Frequency Plan

Planning tools nowadays ha(e automatic frequency planning options. "his tool uses predictions. 2ence the models ha(e to be accurately tuned. 5oreo(er $o:cell and co:site separations, allowed frequency bands, target le(els for allowed co:channel and ad;acent channel interference need to be defined.

Frequency Co%&r#ination

*n international borders frequencies are commonly co:ordinate with neighboring countries to a(oid mutual interference. &enerally sets of reser(ed or preferential frequencies are negotiated between the national authorities of the respecti(e countries.

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