Image Enhancement Techniques

Principle objective of Image enhancement is to process an image so that result is more suitable than original image for specific application. Digital image enhancement techniques provide a multitude of choices for improving the visual quality of images. Appropriate choice of such techniques is greatly influenced by the imaging modality, task at hand and viewing conditions. This paper will provide an overview of underlying concepts, along with algorithms commonly used for image enhancement. The paper focuses on spatial domain techniques for image enhancement, with particular reference to point processing methods and histogram processing.

Introduction
mage enhancement is basically improving the interpretability or perception of information in images for human viewers and providing !better! input for other automated image processing techniques. The principal objective of image enhancement is to modify attributes of an image to make it more suitable for a given task and a specific observer. During this process, one or more attributes of the image are modified. The choice of attributes and the way they are modified are specific to a given task. "oreover, observer#specific factors, such as the human visual system and the observer!s e$perience, will introduce a great deal of subjectivity into the choice of image enhancement methods. There e$ist many techniques that can enhance a digital image without spoiling it. The enhancement methods can broadly be divided in to the following two categories% Learn more in IIT Kharagpur's First Online Course on Image and Video processing, Visit http://goo.gl/hM !"a &. Spatial Domain "ethods '. Frequency Domain "ethods n spatial domain techniques, we directly deal with the image pi$els. The pi$el values are manipulated to achieve desired enhancement. n frequency domain methods, the image is first transferred in to frequency domain. t means that, the (ourier Transform of the image is computed first. All the enhancement operations are performed on the (ourier transform of the image and then the nverse (ourier transform is performed to get the resultant image. These enhancement operations are performed in order to modify the image brightness, contrast or the distribution of the grey levels. As a consequence the pi$el value )intensities* of the output image will be modified according to the

transformation function applied on the input values. mage enhancement is applied in every field where images are ought to be understood and analy+ed. (or e$ample, medical image analysis, analysis of images from satellites etc. Learn more in IIT Kharagpur's First Online Course on Image and Video processing, Visit http://goo.gl/hM !"a Article ,ource% ar$iv.org