MATLAB

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gradient
Numerical gradient

Syntax
FX = gradient (F) [FX,FY] = gradient (F) [FX,FY,FZ,...] = gradient (F) [...] = gradient (F,h) [...] = gradient (F,h1,h2,...)

Definition
The gradient of a function of two variables, , is defined as

and can be thought of as a collection of vectors pointing in the direction of increasing values of . In MATLAB software, numerical gradients (differences) can be computed for functions with any number of variables. For a function of variables, ,

Description
FX = gradient (F) where F is a vector returns the onedimensional numerical gradient of F. FX corresponds to , the differences in x (horizontal) direction. [FX,FY] = gradient (F) where F is a matrix returns the the twodimensional numerical gradient. FX corresponds to and components of , the differences in

(horizontal) direction. FY corresponds to , the differences in the (vertical) direction. The spacing between points in each direction is assumed to be one. [FX,FY,FZ,...] = gradient (F) where F has N dimensions returns the N components of the gradient of F. There are two ways to control the spacing between values in F: A single spacing value, h, specifies the spacing between points in every direction. N spacing values (h1,h2,... ) specifies the spacing for each dimension of F. Scalar spacing parameters specify a constant spacing for each dimension. Vector parameters specify the coordinates of the values along corresponding dimensions of F. In this case, the length of the vector must match the size of the corresponding dimension.

Note The first output FX is always the gradient along the 2nd dimension of F, going across columns. The second output FY is always the gradient along the 1st dimension of F, going across rows. For the third output FZ and the outputs that follow, the Nth output is the gradient along the Nth dimension of F. [...] = gradient (F,h) where h is a scalar uses h as the spacing between points in each direction. [...] = gradient (F,h1,h2,...) with N spacing parameters specifies the spacing for each dimension of F.

Examples
The statements v = -2:0.2:2; [x,y] = meshgrid(v); z = x .* exp(-x.^2 - y.^2); [px,py] = gradient (z,.2,.2); contour(v,v,z), hold on, quiver(v,v,px,py), hold off produce

Given, F(:,:,1) = magic(3); F(:,:,2) = pascal(3); gradient (F) takes dx = dy = dz = 1. [PX,PY,PZ] = gradient (F,0.2,0.1,0.2) takes dx = 0.2 , dy = 0.1 , and dz = 0.2 .

See Also
del2 , diff
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