CIVIL LAW REVIEW TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY College of Law Civil Law Review Course Outline

PERSONS AND
I.

A!ILY RELATIONS

EFFECT AND APPLICATIONS OF LAW A" #eneral Con$e%ts of Law

1. Concepts of Law 2. Characteristics of Law 3. enera! Di"isions of Law# Pri"ate Law (. Co'ification of Laws ). So$rces of the Ci"i! Co'e

enera! or P$%!ic Law& In'i"i'$a! or

*. Effect an' App!ication of Laws + New Ci"i! Co'e 1. When !aw ta,es effect- NCC Art. 2 2. Cases# Ta.a'a "s. T$"era- 1(/ SC0A ((/& 12a!i "s.Estnis!ao 234 SC0A ((/ 514426& PN* "s. 7e8a-- 3/3 SC0A 33 523316 C. I8norance of the Law- NCC Art. 3 1. 0easons for Pres$2ption of 9now!e'8e of the Law 2. Laws co"ere' 3. :ista,e of Fact 2a; e<c$se a part; fro2 the !e8a! conse=$ences of his con'$ct %$t not i8norance of !aw. (. Diffic$!t =$estions of !aw 2a; %e the %asis of 8oo' faith. 50e!ate Art )24 of the Ci"i! Co'e6 D. 0etroacti"it; of Laws- NCC Art. ( 1. Concept of retroacti"e !aw. 2. E<ceptions to the r$!e 3. Case# Lia2 Law "s. O!;2pic Saw2i!!- 124 SC0A (34 E. :an'ator; or Prohi%itor; Laws- NCC Art. ) 1. Difference %etween 2an'ator; an' prohi%itor; !aws.

2. :an'ator; "s. Director; Laws 3. E<ceptions to the r$!e that acts e<ec$te' a8ainst the pro"isions of 2an'ator; or prohi%itor; !aws are "oi'. F. Wai"er of 0i8hts- NCC Art. / 1. 2. 3. (. ). /. E!e2ents of 0i8ht# S$%>ect- O%>ect Efficient Ca$se 9in's of 0i8hts Definition of Wai"er E<ceptions to the r$!e that 0i8hts can %e wai"e' E!e2ents of a "a!i' wai"er Case# Peop!e "s. Donato- 14? SC0A 133 514416

. 0epea! of Laws- NCC Art. @ 1. 9in's of 0epea! of Laws# E<press an' I2p!ie' 2. Effect of the repea! of a repea!in8 !aw 3. Laws which 2a; !apse witho$t a repea!in8 !aw A. B$'icia! Decisions- NCC Art. ? 1. Decisions not a so$rce of !aw. 2. Doctrine of Stare Decisis 3. Cases# Peop!e "s. Licera- /) SC0A 2@3- 514@)6& De 0o; "s. CA1)@ SC0A @)@ I. D$t; to 0en'er B$'82ent- NCC Art. 4 1. App!ica%i!it; of the Artic!e to cri2ina! prosec$tions B. Pres$2ption an' App!ica%i!it; of C$sto2- NCC Arts 13C12 1. Concept of C$sto2s 2. 0e=$isite of c$sto2s 3. C$sto2 'istin8$ishe' fro2 !aw 9. Le8a! Perio's- NCC Art. 13 1. :eanin8 of 'a;s- wee,s- 2onths- ;ear- ni8hts. 2. App!ica%i!it; to contracts 3. Case# D$i=$i "s. *oncaros- 1)1 SC0A (1/ L. App!ica%i!it; of Pena! Laws- NCC Art. 1( 1. enera! App!ication of Pena! !aws 2. App!ica%i!it; of Phi!ippine Laws to A!iens an' E<ceptions :. Conf!ict of Laws- NCC Arts. 1)C1?-

1. re!ati"e to Fa2i!; ri8hts an' '$ties an' !e8a! capacit; of Fi!ipino citiEens. 2. Cases# 7an Dorn 7s. CA 134 scra 134& *oar' of Co22issioners "s. De!a 0a2a 14@ SC0A ?)3& De Ta"era "s. Phi!. T$%erc$!osis Societ;- 112 SC0A 2(3& Lorente "s. San'i8an%a;an- 232 SC0A 334& CI0 "s. Fire2enFs F$n' Ins$rance Co. 1(? SC0A 31) 3. 0$!e on propert; (. 0$!e on the for2s an' so!e2nities of contracts. ). Other conf!ict of !aw r$!es# a. Art. ?22 Ci"i! Co'e %. Art. 1334 Ci"i! Co'e c. Art. 1@)3 Ci"i! Co'e '. Art. 2/ Fa2i!; Co'e e. Art. ?3 Fa2i!; Co'e II" &u'an Relations ( New Civil Co)e 1. 14C22 1.Test of A%$se of 0i8ht 2. What is oo' Faith 3. A%$se in Contract$a! 0e!ations (. *reach of Pro2ise to :arr; ). Concept of 1n>$st Enrich2entGDistin8$ish fro2 So!$tio In'e%iti 5Art. 21)( of the Ci"i! Co'e6 /. . Cases# Wass2er "s. 7e!eE 12 scra /(?& Lorente "s. San'i8an%a;an232 SC0A 334& CI0 "s. Fire2enFs F$n' Ins$rance Co. 1(? SC0A 31) *. In'epen'ent Ci"i! Actions 1. 0eason for a!!owin8 in'epen'ent ci"i! action 2. Difference of !ia%i!it; of e2p!o;er $n'er the 0e"ise' Pena! Co'e an' Art. 21?3 3. Cases# 0e;es Tr$c,in8 Corporation "s. Peop!e- 2?1 SC0A ?4 C. Pre>$'icia! D$estions + CASES* Uypitching, et al. v. Quiamco- .0. No. 1(/322- Dece2%er /- 233/ Pa!2a De"e!op2ent Corp. ". :$nicipa!it; of :a!an8as- Ha2%oan8a De! S$r()4 Phi!. 13(2- 13)3 523336& A. Art.

0ep$%!ic ". Co$rt of Appea!s- No. LC31333C3(- :a; 31- 14@?- ?3 SC0A ()3(?36. Le'es2a "s. CA- 1/3 SC0A ((4 PERSONS an) A!ILY RELATIONS

I" Persons an) Personalit+ ( New Civil Co)e A. Ci"i! Persona!it; 1. Concept of Person 2. C!asses of Persons 3. Concept an' Characteristics of Persona!it; *. Capacit; to Act 1. 9in's of Capacit;# B$ri'ica! an' Capacit; to Act 2. Difference of Capacit; to Act an' B$ri'ica! Capacit; 3. 0estrictions on Capacit; to Act- NCC 3?C34 a. :inorit; C 0.A. /?34& Art. @4@- 1(?4 Ci"i! Co'e& Art. 1(- 2n' par. FC& Art. 131 0PC& Art. 21?2 %.Insanit; an' I2%eci!it; + Art. 132?- Art. 132@- 1344- Art. 131 0PC- Art. 21?2 '. Deaf :$tes + Art. 132@- Art. ?3@- Art. ?23 e. Pro'i8a!s + 0$!e 42- Sec. 2 0$!es of Co$rt f. Inco2petent + Art. 13)- 1(3 Fa2i!; Co'e& Art. 3( 0PC 8. Inso!"enc; + Sec. @- Act 14)/ 5inso!"enc; Law6 h. A!iens an' citiEenship C. *I0TA ," Co''en$e'ent of %ersonalit+ -" Personalit+ of a $on$eive) $.il) D. Death 1. E<tin8$ish2ent of persona!it; 2. Corre!ate with Art. (2- @@/- @@@- /33- 1?33- 1414- 1311 of the Ci"i! Co'e- an' Art. ?4 of the 0PC E. B$ri'ica! Persons 1. ,in's of B$ri'ica! Persons 5Art. ((6 2. Capacit; of >$ri'ica! perons

II" !arriage (

a'il+ Co)e

A. 0e=$isites

1. a. 2. 3. (.

Nat$re of :arria8e- Art. 1 Two aspects of 2arria8e# as a contract an' as a stat$s 9in's of 0e=$isites- Arts. 2C3& Essentia! an' For2a! Effect of a%sence of re=$isites- Art. ( Essentia! + Art. ) a. A8e- Art. ) ). Cere2on;- Art. / /. For2a! + Arts. @- 31- 32 @. So!e2niEin8 a$thorit;- Art. @C?- 13 a. E<ceptions + Art. 3) 526 ?. License 0e=$ire' + Arts 3 526- 4- 11- 23- 2/ a. Forei8n Nationa! + Art. 21 %. E<ceptions + Arts. 2@- 31C32- 3( 4. :arria8e Certificate- Art. 22- 23 a. Effect of Fai!$re to Sen' Certificate %. Proof of :arria8e c. Pres$2ption of :arria8e

13. CASES# ALA7ADO 7S. TACLO*AN CITI- 134 SC0A 233 0I7E0A 7S. IAC- 1?2 SC0A 322 *. Art. 2/ Case# Pi!api! "s. I%a; So2era- 1@( SC0A /)3 C. 7oi' an' 7oi'a%!e 2arria8es 1. 7oi' :arria8e + Arts. )- 3)- 3/C?- )2C3 a. A%sence of 0e=$isites- Art. 3) %. Ps;cho!o8ica! incapacit;- Art. 3/ i. characteristics of ps;cho!o8ica! incapacit;# 8ra"it;antece'ence- inc$ra%i!it; ii. 8$i'e!ines set %; the S$pre2e Co$rt Cases# #ON/ALO VILLANUEVA0 vs" SPO1SES F0OILAN an' LEONILA *0ANOCO- .0. No. 1@2?3(0 1anuar+ -20 -3,,4 0OSALINO L. :A0A*LE "s. :I0NA F. :A0A*LE #"R" No" ,5652, 1anuar+ ,50 -3,, c. Incest$o$s 2arria8es- Arts. 3@C3? '. Prescription- Art. 34 e. S$%se=$ent 2arria8e- Arts. (3C(( f. Cases# Wi8e! "s. Se2pioCD;- 1(3 SC0A ((4& 0ep$%!ic of the Phi!ippines 7S. *er2$'eE + Lorino .0. No. 1/32)?. Ban$ar; 14- 233)&

TE00E 7S. TE00E- 211 SC0A /& IAP 7S. CA- 1() SC0A 224& 0EP1*LIC 7S. NOLASCO- 223 SC0A 23 8. Effects of 7oi' :arria8e 1. On Stat$s of chi!'ren 2. On propert; re!ations D. Ann$!!a%!e 2arria8e- Arts. 1(- ()C(/ E. 7oi'a%!e 2arria8es- Art. ()C(@ F. Presence of prosec$tor- Art. (? . Pen'enc; of action- Art. (4 A. Effects of n$!!it;- Arts. )3C)( I. Necessit; of a >$'icia! 'ec!aration of a "oi' 2arria8e B. An Action to ann$! 2arria8e is an action in re2 9. As a pre>$'icia! =$estion in a cri2ina! prosec$tion for %i8a2; L. 0atification 1. 7oi'a%!e 2arria8es s$%>ect to ratification 2. 7oi'a%!e 2arria8es not s$%>ect to ratification :. Prescription of fi!in8 n$!!it; an' ann$!2ent of 2arria8e CASES# Co>$an8co "s Pa!2 A.C. No. 2(@( B$ne 33- 233)& PA*LOC 1AL*E0TO 7S. CO10T OF APPEALS .0. Nos. 1)(44( an' 1)/2)( B$ne 2?- 233) III" Legal Se%aration A. Difference with ann$!2ent- n$!!it; of 2arria8e. *. ro$n's- Art. ))- corre!ate with 0ep$%!ic Act. 42/2- AntiC7io!ence A8ainst Wo2en an' Chi!'ren C. *. Defenses- Arts. )/C)@ D. Coo!in8Coff Perio'- Art. )? E. 0econci!iation efforts- Art. )4 F. Case# Lap$E "s. E$fe2io- (3 SC0A 31( . Confession of B$'82ent- Art. /3 A. Effects of Fi!in8 Petition- Art. /1 I. CASE# Ler2a "s. CA- /1 SC0A ((3 B. Effects of pen'enc;- Art. /2 9. Effects of !e8a! separation- Arts. /3C/( L. 0econci!iation- Arts. /)C/@ IV" Rig.ts an) O7ligations 8etween &us7an) an) Wife A. Essentia! O%!i8ations- Art. /? *. Fa2i!; 'o2ici!e- Art. /4 C. S$pport- Art. @3 D. :ana8e2ent of ho$seho!'- Art. @1

E. Effect of ne8!ect of '$t;- Art. @2 F. E<ercise of profession- Art. @3

V" Pro%ert+ Relations of t.e S%ouses A. :arria8e Sett!e2ents- Arts. @/C?1 *. Donations %; 0eason of :arria8e- Arts. ?2C?3- ?/- (3536- )3 C. 7oi' 'onations %; the spo$ses- Art. ?@ D. A%so!$te Co22$nit; of propert; 1. enera! Pro"isions- Arts. @)C?)- ??C43 2. What constit$tes Co22$nit; Propert;- Arts. 41C43 3. Char8es 1pon an' O%!i8ations of the Co22$nit; Propert;- Arts. 4(C 4) (. Ownership- A'2inistration- En>o;2ent an' Disposition of the Co22$nit; Propert;- Arts. 4/C4? ). Disso!$tion of Co22$nit; 0e8i2e- Arts. 44C131 /. Li=$i'ation of the A%so!$te Co22$nit; Assets an' Lia%i!ities- Arts. 132C13( E. Con>$8a! Partnership of ains 1. enera! Pro"ision- Arts. 13)C13? 2. E<c!$si"e Propert; of Each Spo$se- Arts. 134C11) 3. Con>$8a! Partnership Propert;- Arts. 11/C123 (. CASES# Sar2iento "s. IAC- 1)3 SC0A 13(1?3 333& :ariano "s. Co$rt of Appea!s 1@( SC0A )4& Won8 "s. IAC- 233 SC0A @42 ). Char8es $pon an' o%!i8ations of the CP - Arts. 121C123 /. Case# Cost$na "s. Do2on'on- 1?3 SC0A @. A'2inistration of the CP - Arts. 12(C12) ?. Case# :en'oEa "s. 0e;es- 12( SC0A 1)( On8 7s. CA- 23( SC0A 24@ :a8a!!on "s. :onte>o- 1(/ SC0A 2?2 C$enca "s. C$enca- 1/? SC0A 33) Bocson s. CA- 1@3 SC0A 333 0e;es "s. A!e>an'ro- 1(1 SC0A /) 4. Disso!$tion of CP 0e8i2e- Arts. 12/C12? 13. Li=$i'ation of the Con>$8a! Partnership Assets an' Lia%i!ities- Arts. 124C133

F. Separation of Propert; of the Spo$ses an' A'2inistration of Co22on Propert; %; One Spo$se D$rin8 the :arria8e- Arts. 13(C1(2 . Case# :anoto, 0ea!t; Inc. "s. Co$rt of Appea!s- 1(4 SC0A 3@2 A. 0e8i2e of Separation of Propert;- Arts. 1(3C1(/ I. Cases# PartosaCBo "s. Co$rt of Appea!s- 21/ SC0A /42& To'a "s. Co$rt of Appea!s- 1?3 SC0A @13& B. Propert; 0e8i2e of 1nions Witho$t :arria8e- Arts. 1(@C1(? 9. Case# :a<e; "s. CA an' Sps. :aca;ra- 124 SC0A 1?@& *$ena"ent$ra 7S. CA .0. Nos. 12@3)? an' .0. No. 1(1323 .0. Nos. 12@((4- :arch 31- 233)& Pe!a;o "s. PereE

VI" T.e a'il+ A. The Fa2i!; as an Instit$tion- Arts. 1(4C1)1 *. The Fa2i!; Ao2e- Arts. 1)2C1/) C. Cases# Modequillo vs. Breva, 185 SC ! "##$ Manacop vs. C!, %15 SC ! ""& Ca'ang vs. Basay, 58% SC ! 1"% (%))*+ VII" Paternit+ an) iliation A. Le8iti2ate Chi!'ren- Arts. 1/3C1@1 *. Proof of Fi!iation- Arts. 1@2C1@( C. Cases# :ariate8$i "s. CA- 23) SC0A 33@- Sa;son "s. CA- 23) SC0A 321 1;8$an8co "s. CA- 1@? SC0A /?(- Ta;a8 "s. CA- 234 SC0A //)- :en'oEa "s. CA- 231 SC0A /@)- Bao "s. CA 1)2 SC0A 3)4 C. I!!e8iti2ate Chi!'ren- Art. 1@) an' Art. 1@/ as a2en'e' %; 0A 42)) D. Cases# De!a Cr$E "s. racia- )4( SC0A /(? 523346& o- Sr.- "s 0a2os)4? SC0A 2// 523346 AL*A "s. CO10T OF APPEALS .0. No. 1/(3(1B$!; 24- 233)& *E0NA*E 7S. ALEBO .0. No. 1(3)33. Ban$ar; 21- 2332 E. Le8iti2ate' Chi!'ren- Arts. 1@@C1?2 VIII" A)o%tion A. Nat$re an' 0ationa!e of A'option *. 0.A. ?))2 + Do2estic A'option Law 1. Po!ic; of Do2estic A'option 2. Who 2a; a'opt a. Fi!ipino citiEens# =$a!ifications %. A!iens# =$a!ifications

3. (. ). /.

Who 2a; %e a'opte' B$ris'iction an' "en$e an' a'option procee'in8s Whose consents are nee'e' for the inten'e' a'option Le8a! effects of a'option a. Parenta! a$thorit; %. Le8iti2ac; c. S$ccession

@. Decree of A'option a. effecti"it; %. what 2$st it state c. re8istration ?.Cri2e of Si2$!ation of *irth 4. 0escission of A'option a. Who 2a; fi!e %. ro$n's c. Can the a'opter rescin' the a'optionJ '. B$ris'iction an' "en$e e. Ti2e within which to fi!e the petition f. Cases# Cer"antes "s. FA>ar'o- 1/4 SC0A )@) Sa;son "s. CA- 23) SC0A 321 8.ADOPTION& ILLE ITI:ATE CAILD IN TAE :ATTE0 OF TAE ADOPTION OF STEPAANIE NATAI ASTO0 A A0CIA .0. No. 1(?311. :arch 31- 233)

C. 0A ?3(3- The Law on InterC Co$ntr; A'option 1. Nat$re 2. Who 2a; A'opt# =$a!ifications 2. Who 2a; %e a'opte'# =$a!ifications I9" Su%%ort A. What it Co2pro2ises- Art. 14( *. Who are O%!i8e'- Arts. 14)C14@- 144C233- 23/C23? C. S$pport '$rin8 2arria8e !iti8ation- Art. 14? D. Case# Santero "s. CA- 1)3 SC0A @2? E. A2o$nt- Arts. 231C232 F. When De2an'a%!e- Art. 233 . Options- Art. 23(

A. Attach2ent- Art. 23) 9" Parental Aut.orit+ A. enera! Pro"isions- Arts. 234C21) *. Case# 1nson "s. Na"arro- 131 SC0A 1?3 C. S$%stit$te an' Specia! Parenta! A$thorit;- Arts. 21/C214 D. Effect of Parenta! A$thorit; $pon the Persons of the Chi!'ren- Arts. 223C 22( E. Cases# Ta2ar8o "s. CA- 234 SC0A )1?& Li%i "s. CA- 21( SC0A 1/ F. . Effects of Parenta! A$thorit; $pon the Propert; of the Chi!'ren- Arts. 22)C22@ . Case# *a'i!!o "s. Ferrer- 1)2 SC0A (3@ A. S$spension or Ter2ination of Parenta! A$thorit;- Arts. 22?C233 0A @/13 + Chi!' A%$se Law 9I" E'an$i%ation Arts. 23( an' 23/- as a2en'e' %; 0A /?34 9II" Su''ar+ 1u)i$ial Pro$ee)ings in t.e a'il+ Law

9III" inal Provisions + 0etroacti"e effect- Art. 2)/ EXCLUDE: !rts. %5,-%55, %5" 9IV" uneral- NCC Arts. 33)C334 E$8enio "s. 7e!eE- 1?) SC0A (2) EXCLUDE: Care and .ducation o/ Children, !rts. &5#-&#& 9V" Use of surna'es Arts. 3/(C3/4- 3/4C3?3 5other artic!es repea!e' %; Fa2i!; Co'e6 Cases# To!entino "s. CA- 1/2 SC0A // 0ep$%!ic "s. :arcos- 1?2 SC0A 223 0ep$%!ic "s. CA- 234 SC0A 1?4 9VI" A7sen$e + NCC Art. (3& Art. (1 Fa2i!; Co'e A. Pro"isiona! 2eas$res in Case of A%sence- Arts. 3?1C3?3 *. Dec!aration of A%sence- Arts. 3?(C3?4 D. Case# 0e;es "s. A!e>an'ro- 1(1 SC0A /) E. A'2inistration of the Propert; of the A%sentee- arts. 3?@C 3?4

E. Pres$2ption of Death- Arts. 343C342 EXCLUDE: !rts. &*&-&*#, contingent assets 9VII" Civil Registrar 1. Arts. (3@C(13 Cases# 0ep$%!ic "s. CFI of Ca2arines S$r- 1/1 SC0A /?1 La%a;oC0owe "s. 0ep$%!ic- 1/? SC0A 24( 0ep$%!ic "s. CA- 211 SC0A /)@ *. 0A 43(?Cc!erica! errors C. 0$!e 13?- 0$!es of Co$rt

PROPERTY
I.

C.ara$teristi$s A" Pro%ert+ as a Civil law Con$e%t B. Pro%ert+ as a Legal Con$e%t

II.

Classifi$ation + Arts. (1)C(1?- (2/

A. Accor'in8 to 1. Nat$re 2. Ownership 3. Di"isi%i!it; (. Cons$2a%i!it; ). S$scepti%i!it; of S$%stit$tion /. A!iena%i!it; @. E<istence in ti2e ?. Depen'ence or I2portance 4. Definiteness of Desi8nation 13. :anifesta%i!it; to the Senses *. I22o"a%!e Propert; "s. :o"a%!e Propert;
1. Ser8Fs Pro'$cts ". PCI Leasin8- 33? SC0A (44& 2. *arreto "s. 7i!!an$e"s- 1 SC0A 2?? 3. (. ). /. @. D*P "s. Co$rt of Appea!s- 3/3 SC0A 33@ Tsai "s. Co$rt of Appea!s- 3// SC0A 32( 0EP1*LIC 7. CA- .0. No. (3(32- :arch 1/- 14?@ Pro"ince of Ha2%oan8a ". Cit; of Ha2%oan8a- 22 SC0A 133) :$nicipa!it; of Oas ". 0oa @ Phi! 23

C.Ai''en Treas$re + Arts. (3?C4 *. 0i8ht of Accession + Art. ((3 1. Fr$its +Arts. ((1C( a. Nat$ra! %. In'$stria! c. Ci"i!

2. With respect to I22o"a%!e Propert; a. *$i!'er- p!anter- sower on !an' of another in concept of owner 516 *$i!'er- p!anter- sower in 8oo' faith + Arts. ((?C ()/ 526 *$i!'er- p!anter- sower in %a' faith + Arts. ((4C()3 C a!ternati"e ri8hts of !an'owner %. 1s$fr$ct$ar;- Art. )@4 3. Lan's a'>oinin8 ri"er %an,s a. A!!$"i$2 + Art. ()@ 5Case# )3 Phi!. 1126 o"t. Of P.I. "s. Ca%an8is-

%. Accretion c. Chan8e of co$rse of ri"er + Arts. (/1C2(/- see Water Co'e PD 13/@ '. A"$!sionC Arts. ()4C(/3 (. Is!an's + Arts. (/(C(/) C. *; O%>ect 1. 0ea! or i22o"a%!e a. *; nat$re %. *; incorporation c. *; 'estination '. *; Ana!o8; e. Cases# Le$n8 Iee "s. Stron8 :achiner; Co.- 3@ Phi!. /((& Da"ao Saw :i!! "s. Casti!!o- /1 Phi! @34& Fe!s Ener8;- Inc. "s. the Pro"ince of *atan8as- .r. 1/?))@Fe%r$ar; 1/- 233@& 2. Persona! or :o"a%!e a. *; nat$re %. *; ana!o8; D. *; Owner 1. Of p$%!ic 'o2inion# Case# 7ILLAN1E7A ". CASTANEDA- B0.1)( SC0A 1(2 514?@6

a. For p$%!ic $se %. not for p$%!ic $se- %$t inten'e' for so2e p$%!ic ser"ice of for the 'e"e!op2ent of the nationa! wea!th. 2. Of pri"ate ownership a. Patri2onia! propert; + 'istinction %etween pri"ate propert; of in'i"i'$a! persons- an' of State entities E. *; Nat$re 1. Cons$2a%!eGnonCcons$2a%!e "s. F$n8i%!eGnonCf$n8i%!e
III.

Owners.i%

A. 0i8ht in 8enera! 1. 0i8ht to ENBOI- DISPOSE an' 0ECO7E0 A TAIN 2. *$n'!e of ri8hts a. B$s possidendi '. 0us /ruendi c. 0us utendi d. 0us a'utendi e. 0us disponendi /. 0us vindicandi g. 0us accessiones h. right to e1clude others /rom property 2 !rt. ,%* i. right to enclose or /ence his property 2 !rt. ,%* >. ri8ht to co2pensation in case of e2inent 'o2ain + Art. (3) ,. ri8ht to s$rface- s$%s$rface- an' the space a%o"e the !an' ,. ri8ht to hi''en treas$re + art. (3( 3. Actions to reco"er ownership an' possession of rea! propert; a. Distinctions %etween accion reivindicatoria- accion pu'liciana- accion interdictal3 Cases3 4ilario vs. Salvador, ,5" SC ! 815$ Bishop o/ Ce'u vs. Mangaron, 5.r. 6o, 7-1",8, 8une 1, 1*)# %. Distinction %etween forci%!e entr; an' $n!awf$! 'etainer

(. Actions for reco"er; of possession of 2o"a%!e propert; + 0EPLE7IN& case# Ca!$% "s. CA - .0. No. 11)/3(- Apri! 2@2333& 0$!e /3- 0$!es of co$rt ). 0e=$isites for reco"er; of propert; + proof of ri8ht& i'entit;& re!iance on stren8th of own e"i'ence not wea,ness of 'efen'antFs c!ai2 /. Distinction %etween rea! an' persona! ri8hts a. *; n$2%er of persons who ta,e part in the !e8a! re!ation %. *; the s$%>ect 2atter c. *; the 2anner in which the wi!! of the acti"e s$%>ect acts '. *; the ca$ses of their creation e. *; the 2o'es of their e<tinction f. *; the nat$re of the actions arisin8 fro2 the >$ri'ica! re!ation *. :o'es of ac=$irin8 ownership 1. Distinctions %etween 2o'es of ac=$irin8 ownership an' tit!e 2. :o'es of Ac=$irin8 ownership a. O0I INAL 516 occ$pation + re=$isites& what are the thin8s that are s$scepti%!e to occ$pation& wi!' ani2a!s 526 'eri"ati"e 5a6 s$ccession 2ortis ca$sa 5%6 tra'ition + rea! or constr$ction- as a res$!t of sa!es- %arter- 'onation- assi8n2ent- 2$t$$2. 5c6 'onation C. Li2itations 1. 0i8ht of ownership is not a%so!$te. 2. enera! !i2itations + ta<ation- e2inent 'o2ain- po!ice

Power 3. Specific Li2itations + i2pose' %; !aw- sic utere tuon$isance- stat of necessit;- ease2ents "o!$ntari!; i2pose' %; owner# ser"it$'es- 2ort8a8es i2pose' %; contract& acts in state of necessit; wherein the !aw per2its in>$r; or 'estr$ction- inherent !i2itationsIV" Accession A. 0i8ht to hi''en treas$re *. enera! 0$!es# 1. For i22o"a%!es# a. !ccession discreta 5nat$ra! an' in'$stria! ci"i! fr$its6 an' continua 5o"er i22o"a%!es# artificia!Gin'$stria! an' nat$ra!6 %. !ccession industrial 5%$i!'in8- a"$!sion- ri"ers- is!an's6 c. !ccession natural 5accretion- a"$!sion- ri"ers- is!an's6 2. For 2o"a%!es# a. !ccession continua 5con>$nction- a'>$nction- co22i<tionG conf$sion- specification6 %. 0$!es for 'eter2inin8 the principa! an' accessor; V" :uieting of title to;interest in an) re'oval;%revention of $lou) over title to;interest in real %ro%ert+ A" W.at <in)s of a$tions are referre) to in Arti$le 25=> 1. 0e2e'ia!& 2. Pre"enti"e. 8" W.at )oes $lou) refer to> C" Where the plaintiff is in possession of the land, the prescriptive period within which to quiet title accrues only from the time the adverse claim is made known ! a?a v" CA@ D" "here the plaintiff is in possession of the land, the prescriptive period within which to quiet title accrues only

from the time the adverse claim is made known Ca7rera v" CA

Viu)a )e

E "here the plaintiff is in possession of the land, the prescriptive period within which to quiet title accrues only form the time the adverse claim is made known ! S%ouses &a)?i Ali !a'a)sual v" 1" !oson@ A. 0e=$ire2ent *. Distinction %etween =$ietin8 tit!e an' re2o"in8Gpre"entin8 a c!o$' C. PrescriptionGnonCprescription of action 5Case# Le;son "s. *ont$;an- ()2 SC0A 4(- Fe%r$ar; 1?- 233)6 VI" CoAowners.i% A. Characteristics of coCownership 1. In 8enera! 2. Specia! r$!es# Case# S$nset 7iew Con'o2ini$2 Corporation "s. Aon. Ca2posBr.- .0. No. LC)23/12- Apri! 2@- 14?1 a. Concept of con'o2ini$2 516 Con'o2ini$2 corporation# 5a6 Optiona! an' 2an'ator; re=$ire2ent 5%6 Principa! p$rposes 526 Interest in rea! propert; 536 Concept of co22on areas- a2en'2ent 5(6 Doc$2ents to consi'er 52aster 'ee'- 'ec!aration- of restrictions- artic!es an' %;C!aws of the con'o2ini$2 corporation or the association where app!ica%!e %. 0i8hts an' o%!i8ations of con'o2ini$2 owner 516 Contri%$tionsGD$es 526 PD 4)@ an' 0A /))2 c. ro$n's for partition of co22on areas- or

'isso!$tion of the con'o2ini$2 C. So$rce of coCownership Contract- !aw- s$ccession- testa2entar; 'isposition or 'onation inter "i"os- fort$ito$s e"ent or %; chanceocc$panc; D. 0i8hts of coCowners 1. Distinction %etween ri8ht to propert; owne' in co22on an' f$!! ownership o"er hisGher i'ea! share 2. Case# De $ia "s. Ca2- (13 SC0A 11( E. 0i8ht to oppose acts of a!teration F. 0i8ht to partition# Case# De! *!anco "s. IAC- 1)/ SC0A ))6 . 0i8ht to contri%$tions for e<penses 5necessar; e<penses-ta<es6 A. Wai"er I. 0i8ht to re'e2ption of coCowners share B. Ter2inationGe<tin8$ish2ent 1. Effect of partition 2. 0i8hts a8ainst in'i"i'$a! coCowners in case of partition 3. Partition in case coCowners cannot a8ree VII" Possession A. Characteristics *. Ac=$isition of Possession + Art. )31 C. Effects of Possession 1. Possessor in oo' Faith + Arts. )((- )2/C)2@ a. 0i8ht to pen'in8 fr$its + Art. )() %. 0i8ht to %e rei2%$rse' 516 Necessar; an' $sef$! e<penses + Arts. )(/C)(@ 526 E<penses for p$re !$<$r; + Art. )(? 2. Possessor in *a' Faith + Arts. ((4- )(4- ))2 D. Loss or 1n!awf$! Depri"ation of a :o"a%!e + Arts. ))4-1)3) 536

1. Perio' to 0eco"er + Arts. 11(3- 113(- 1132- 1133 2. Fin'er of Lost :o"a%!e + Arts. @14C@23 3. Distin8$ishe' fro2 "oi'a%!e tit!e + Art. 1)3/ E. In concept of owner- ho!'er- in oneFs own na2e- in na2e of another F. 0i8hts of the possessor . LossGter2ination VIII" Usufru$t A. Characteristics *. C!assification C. 0i8hts an' o%!i8ations of $s$fr$ct$ar; D. 0i8hts of the owner E. E<tinctionGter2ination I9" Ease'ents + Arts. /13- /1)C/1/ A. Characteristics *. C!assification 1. Le8a! ease2ents a. 0i8ht of wa; 2. 7o!$ntar; ease2ents + Art. /?? a. Effect of Honin8 or'inance C. :o'es of Ac=$irin8 Ease2ents 1. Co2p$!sor; ease2ents + Arts. /23C/2( 2. Ease2ent of !i8ht an' "iew + Arts. //4C/@3 9" Nuisan$e + Art. /4( 9I" A$tion to :uiet Title + Arts. (@/C(?3 9II" !o)es of A$Buiring Owners.i% + Art. @12 A. Occ$pation + Art. @13 *. Donation 1. Definition + Arts. @2)C/- @(/ 2. Characteristics

a. E<tent to which 'onor 2a; 'onate propert; %. 0eser"ations an' re"ersions 3. 9in's a. Donation Inter 7i"os + Art. @24 %. Donation *; 0eason of :arria8e + Fa2i!; Co'e Arts. ?2C?3- ?/ c. Donation :ortis Ca$sa +Art. @2?.5 G.R. No. 172804, January
24, 2011,GONZALO VILLANUEVA vs.SPOUSES FROILAN an LEONILA BRANO!O"

'. Onero$s Donation + Art. @33 e. Si2p!e- 2o'a!- con'itiona! (. For2a!ities re=$ire' a. Aow 2a'e an' accepte' %. Perfection c. Differences %etween for2a!ities for 'onation of rea!persona! properties 516 :o"a%!es + Art. @(? 526 I22o"a%!es + Art. @(4 ). D$a!ifications of 'onor- 'onee /. Effects of 'onationG!i2itations a. In 8enera! %. Do$%!e 'onations c. E<cessi"eGinofficio$s '. Scope of a2o$nt + Arts. @)3C@)2 e. In fra$' of cre'itors + Art. @)4 @. 7oi' Donations + Arts. @34C@(3- 132@ ?. 0e"ocation or re'$ction a. ro$n's for re"ocation- 8ro$n's for re'$ction %. Aow 'one c. Effects '. Prescription e. Innofficio$s Donations + Arts. @/3C@/1- @@1C@@) f. In8ratit$'e + Arts. @/)- @/4

A. Ac=$isiti"e + Art. 111@ 1. Characteristics 2. Or'inar; a. oo' Faith + Art. 112@ %. B$st tit!e + Arts. 1124C1133 3. (. ). /. E<traor'inar; + Arts. 113@- 1132 secon' par. 0e=$isites + Arts. 111?C112) Perio' + Arts. 1132- 113(- 113? What cannot %e re=$ire' %; ac=$isiti"e prescription

*. E<tincti"e 1. Characteristics 2. 0e=$isites 3. Perio's II" No Pres$ri%tion A%%li$a7le A. *; Offen'er + Art. 1133 *. 0e8istere' Lan's + PD 1)24 C. Art. 11(3- NCC 1. Action !e8a! to 'e2an' a ri8ht of wa; + Art. /(4 2. To a%ate a n$isance D. Action to =$iet tit!e if p!aintiff in possession E. 7oi' contracts + Art. 1(13 F. Action to 'e2an' partition + Art. (4( 1. Distin8$ishe' fro2 !aches . Propert; of p$%!ic 'o2inion III" Pres$ri%tion or Li'itation of A$tions A. To reco"er 2o"a%!es + Art. 11(3 *. To reco"er i22o"a%!es + Art. 11(1 C. Other actions + Arts. 11(2C11(4 IV" Interru%tion ( Art" ,,CC V" Nuisan$e A. Definition *. C!assification

1. As to in>$rio$s effects + p$%!ic or pri"ate 2. As to its nat$re + n$isance per se& n$isance per acci'ens C. 0e2e'ies 1. A8ainst p$%!ic n$isance + a. prosec$tion $n'er the Pena! co'e or an; !oca! or'inance %. a ci"i! action c. a%ate2ent witho$t >$'icia! procee'in8s $n'er Art. /44 of the NCC 2. A8ainst pri"ate n$isance a. a ci"i! action %. a%ate2ent witho$t >$'icia! procee'in8s $n'er Art. /44 of the NCC