Components of Communication

Communication
Linguistics for Language Learners

Sender

Message Medium
Speech Writing

Receiver

Other media : sign language for the deaf, flag signals, light signals, the Braille alphabets for the blind, etc. Good media should be systematic and rapidly transmittable.

Process of Communication
(which uses speech as a medium)
Enconding the messages Transmitting the messages Articulating the messages Receiving the sound waves Decoding the messages

Branches of Linguistics
Linguistics for Language Learners

Linguists are most interested in stage three, articulatory process. The branch of linguistics which studies the articulatory process is called articulatory phonetics.

 Linguistics may be defined as the scientific study of language. The linguist tries to verify the theory of language structure by making observations of data and modifies the theory in view of patterns underlying the data Language can be studied from different points of view, so the field of linguistics can be divided into several branch.

General Linguistics provides the concepts in terms of which particular languages are to be explored Descriptive Linguistics supplies tha data that confirm or deny the theories or propositions offered in general linguistics

the general linguist might formulate the hypothesis that all languages have nouns and verbs. The descriptive linguist might deny this evidence that there is at least one language in the description of which the distinction between nouns and verbs cannot be established.

Historical Linguistics Historical linguistics was developed in an attempt to create a systematic reconstruction of language to explain the genetic relationship between languages. The linguists are concerned with tracing the historical development.

Structural linguistics was introduced by Ferdinand de Saussure in his lectures at the University of Geneva between 1907.
A synchronic statement of a language gives a description of the language as it is at some particular point in time.

A diachronic statement of the language describes the historical development of the language and the changes that have taken place in its over a period of time.

There are sounds, which consist of certain features or qualities. These sounds are selected and organized into significant groups of sounds called phonemes

 The study can be recognized in the following outline. - Phonology - Phonetics - Phonemics - Grammar - Morphology - Syntax - Semantics

heoretical Linguistics a theory of language structure and functions and with no regard to any practical application that the investigation of the languages might have. !pplied Linguistics places the emphasis on the application of the concepts and findings of linguistics places to a variety of practical tasks, including teaching English as a foreign language and computational linguistics.

"icrolinguistics is concerned solely with the structure of language systems, considered in itself and for itself, regardless of anything else. "acrolinguistics is concerned with everything that has any reference to language

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