Use of Water in Construction

Use of Water in Construction
Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava B.E., M.E., PhD, IITD

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728
Sustainability
Sustainability in Construction
How to achieve
How to achieve
Reducing use of water
Construction Industry
Construction Industry
Problem in Production of Concrete and Steel
Available alternatives?
Source of CO2 emission in Construction Manufacture of raw materials like Cement, Aggregates, Water, Admixture, Steel, Brick, Tiles, Paint, POP, Plumbing Pipes, Electrical fittings Concrete Manufacture Execution Repair and strengthening Demolishing and recycling Transportation
Use of Water
Compaction of foundation soil. Preparation of concrete. Preparation of cement mortar for brick work. Preparation of cement mortar for Plaster internal and external side. Curing of PPC, RCC, Brick work, internal plaster, External plaster and water proofing. (I) sprinkle (II) impounding. POP making.
Use of Water
Tile fixing in Dado and floor. I. Preparation of cement mortar. II. Socking of Tile. III. Sprinkling on Tile floor. IV. Impounding on IPS floor. Making of primer, putty, paints according to requirement.
Water Portable water is generally considered

28 days compressive strength of Concrete in Mpa
suitable for mixing Concrete. Exception being water containing Sugar. Water cement ratio has worst effect on strength as shown in fig similar to I.S.10262
60
50
40
30
53 Grde OPC 43 Grde OPC 33 Grade OPC
20
10
0 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65
Water cement ratio
Courtesy Ambuja Cement
Admixture (I.S.9103)
Admixture are the material added to the Concrete before or during its mixing, with a view to modify one or more of the properties of concrete in the plastic or hardened state. Generally Admixture are : Plasticizer Super plasticizer Retarder Accelerator
Water Reducing Admixture: (Improve workability) Lignosulphonates Sulphonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF) Sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) Polycarboxylic ether (PCE) Different manufacturer are available
Super plasticizer
(i) Lignosulphonates : cause excessive retardation and air entrainment in concrete. (ii) Sulphonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF): High initial slump but poor slump retention (Not used in RMC) but good when concreting time is short like precast member and also good for cold climates. (iii) Sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF): Good for RMC, Good for hot weather concreting, Slump retention characteristics are also improved by blending SNF with lignosulphonates, which is not possible in the case of SMF. maximum incompatibility issues arise with
(iV)
Polycarboxylic ether (PCE)
Most effective of all the chemicals. W.R. 40%, used to make high and ultra high strength concrete, where the w/c may be as low as 0.20. Excellent slump retention characteristics and do not cause
any delay in the gain of strength of the concrete.

exhibit fewer compatibility problems compared to SNF. Costly but reduction in cement consumption cause overall economy.
Function of Plasticizer/Super plasticizer

Main Function:
I.
Fluidify the mix
II. Improve the workability of Concrete. Mechanism: I. Dispersion
II. Retarding effect
These dispersants are basically surface-active chemicals consisting of longchain organic molecules, having a polar hydrophilic group (waterattracting, such as -COO-, -SO3-, -NH4+) attached to a non-polar hydrophobic
Mechanism of action
organic chain (water-repelling) with some polar groups (-OH).

The hydrophilic tip is able to reduce the surface tension of water, and the adsorbed polymer keeps the cement particles apart by electrostatic repulsion (The grinding of cement results in the ground particles having a surface charge (zeta potential). The adsorption of the admixture leads to a decrease of the zeta potential, and eventually causes like charges (negative) on the cement particles. With the progress of hydration, the electrostatic charge diminishes and flocculation of the hydrating product occurs
Mechanism of action of Super plasticizer

Portland Cement in fine state have a tendency to flocculate in wet Concrete. This flocculation entraps certain amount of water used in the mix and all the water is not freely available to fluidify the Mix. The admixture confer Ve charge to cement particle and cement deflocculates and dispersed, the water trapped inside is released. The quantity of available plasticizer reduce as polymer get entrapped in hydration products and finally there will be no effect of plasticizer.
Cement grain ve chargeed due to plasrticizer

Inter particle repulsive force
Release water
Cement Particle Flock
Effect of super palsticizer on cement particle Flock

Mechanism of action of Super plasticizer

SMF, and SNF based Superplasticizers work on the mechanism of lowering zeta potential that leads to electrostatic repulsion. PCE based Superplasticizer, cause dispersion of cement grains by steric hindrance (Uchikawa et al., 1997). Separation of the admixture molecules from each other due to the bulky side chains. Steric hindrance is a more effective mechanism than electrostatic repulsion.
Incompatibility
Performance when a specific combination of cement and superplasticizer is used. Common problems :
Flash setting Delayed setting Rapid slump loss Improper strength gain Cracking etc.
These effect strength and durability of Concrete.

COMPATIBILITY OF SUPERPLASTICIZERS AND CEMENT

All superplasticizers are not showing the same extent of improvement in fluidity with all types of cements. There are various methods for finding out the compatibility and optimum dose of super plasticizer: 1. Marsh cone test 2. Mini slump test 3. Flow table test
Marsh cone test to find optimum dosage of super plasticizer

The optimum dosage and compatibilty is calculated from Marsh Cone test. Dosage: Normally restrict the use of super plasticizer up to 2.5%.
190
170
Flow time in seconds
150
130
Saturation Point
5 min 60 min
110
90
70
50 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4
Super plastcizer doase as a % of cement mass
Effect of Superplasticizer on the Properties of Hardened Concrete

The action of plasticizer on concrete is only physical and it does not participate in any chemical reaction. Over dosage have harmful effect on hardening of the concrete, shrinkage and Creep. Only in case of bad quality lignosulphonate based plasticizer, results in air entrainment, which reduce the strength of concrete.
Mixing procedure of Plasticizer

100% of water added with plasticzer doesnot give proper results. Proper Method: Concrete Mixer: 100% of total water is added to the empty drum keeping 1 lt and than material is loaded. Exact quantity of super pasticizer is diluted in 1 lt of water and thrown in drum in two or three installments. Concrete is mixed for 1 more minute. Effect of delayed addition of super plasticizer on slump and slump loss
M35 Grade Concrete without admixture

Quanti ty/Cu. m. Ingredients Remarks (25 to 50mm slump) water content per cu.m of 186 concrete increase in water for 130mm Required water content 201.6 slump Increase in water 3% for every 25mm increase in slump no use of admixture 0 1 Water required 201.6 Dr. Amit Kr. Cement 491.8
Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728
M35 Grade Concrete with SNF admixture

Quanti ty/Cu. m. Ingredients Remarks (25 to 50mm slump) water content per cu.m of 186 concrete increase in water for 130mm Required water content 201.6 slump Increase in water 3% for every 25mm increase in slump Use of SNF admixture 0.2 0.8 Water required 161.3 Dr. Amit Kr. Cement 393.4 Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728
M35 Grade Concrete with PCE admixture (Following IS456-2000 Codal Restriction)
Quanti ty/Cu. m. Ingredients Remarks (25 to 50mm slump) water content per cu.m of 186 concrete increase in water for 130mm Required water content 201.6 slump Increase in water 3% for every 25mm increase in slump Use of PCE admixture 0.307 0.693 Water required 139.7 Minm 340 as per IS Dr. Amit Kr. Cement 340.8 456
M35 Grade Concrete with PCE admixture (Without IS456-2000 Codal Restriction)
Quanti ty/Cu. m. Ingredients Remarks (25 to water content per cu.m 50mm of concrete 186 slump) increase in water for 130mm Required water content 201.6 slump Increase in water 3% for every 25mm increase in slump Use of PCE admixture 0.4 0.6 Water required 121 Minm 340 as per IS Dr. Amit Kr. Cement 295.1 456
M35 Grade Concrete Savings Savings per cu.m. of Concrete

Cement Water Cost Cost Total Cement Water in Admixture Saving in Saving in saving saving Savings in kg kg in kg Cement Water (Rs.) (Rs.) in Rs 491 201.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 393.4 161.3 3.93 97.6 40.3 390.4 20.15 410.55 340 140 1.7 151 61.6 604 30.8 634.8 295 121 2.06 196 80.6 784 40.3 824.3
Normal Construction site 500 cu.m. of concrete daily

Mixing
Mixing
Truck mixers : mixing shall continue for not less than 60 revolutions of the truck mixer drum at a rate of not less than 7 revolutions/min. Remixing at site at least for 2 min.
Transport of concrete
Time in Transport :The general requirement is that concrete shall be discharged from the truck-mixer within 2 h of the time of loading. However, a longer period may be permitted if retarding admixtures are used. Time of Use: The purchaser should plan his arrangements so as to enable a full load of concrete to be discharged within 30 min of arrival on site.
Concrete Pumps
Well pumpable concrete
Badly pumpable concrete
Precautions and tips in Field Practice
Lubricating the pipeline prior to pumping concrete is important. 50 kg cement and 25 kg sand mix of thick consistency is required per 20 m pipe length.
Truck Mounted Placer Boom
Compaction by Vibration
Immersion vibrators : Suitable to consolidate Plain and R.C.C. Depth of concrete layer: 2/3 L to L, L is length of Vibrating needle. Immersion vibrator is not used for thickness < 100mm. Inclination of vibrating needle: Vertical,
Systematic Vibration of Each New Lift

CORRECT
Vertical penetration a few inches into previous lift (which should not yet be rigid) of systematic regular intervals will give adequate consolidation
INCORRECT
Haphazard random penetration of the vibrator at all angles and spacings without sufficient depth will not assure intimate combination of the two layers
Curing of Concrete
Keeping Concrete Moist and warm enough so that hydration of cement can continue. If curing is neglected in the early period of hydration concrete will suffer irreparable loss. Curing Method: (a) Water (b) Membrane
Column curing (RCC Curing)
Sprinkling curing Sprinkling Curing on RCC slab
Water using for RCC slab impound curing
Water use for Impound curing on IPS floor.
Water using for RCC slab impound curing
Use of Curing with water
Use of Curing with Curing Compound
% Difference = 41/38.8= 95%
Brick Work
Dr. Amit Web Kr. reference Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728
Socking or Apply the water on Bricks for Brick work.
SOAKING IN WATER BY Impounding
Water using in brick cement mortar
Curing After brick work (Brick Masonry)
Plastering
Curing
Curing shall be started as soon as the plaster has hardened sufficiently i.e. next day of plastering not to be damaged when watered. The plaster shall be kept wet for a period of at least 7 days.
Curing before wall (Dado) Tile fixing
Tile soaking before tile fixing
Apply cement slurry before plastering.
Apply the cement pest on whole tile back side potion
Fixing the tile Border According to level.
Fixing the tile and to be checked level with other tiles.
Fixing the tiles with cement slurry and provide th PVC spacer for maintain the Tiles corner or groo and free From to impurities
Water using for making the White cement paste For Joint filling.
Water flooded for water proofing testing
Using water for POP making.
Using water for POP making.
Recycle the water
Quality of Water
Thanks

Use of Water in Construction

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Use of Water in Construction

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Use of Water in Construction

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava B.E., M.E., PhD, IITD

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Reducing use of water

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Problem in Production of Concrete and Steel

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Water Portable water is generally considered

53 Grde OPC 43 Grde OPC 33 Grade OPC

0 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65

Water cement ratio

Courtesy Ambuja Cement

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Polycarboxylic ether (PCE)

any delay in the gain of strength of the concrete.

Function of Plasticizer/Super plasticizer

Fluidify the mix

II. Improve the workability of Concrete. Mechanism: I. Dispersion

II. Retarding effect

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

organic chain (water-repelling) with some polar groups (-OH).

Mechanism of action of Super plasticizer

Cement grain ve chargeed due to plasrticizer

Cement Particle Flock

Effect of super palsticizer on cement particle Flock

Mechanism of action of Super plasticizer

These effect strength and durability of Concrete.

COMPATIBILITY OF SUPERPLASTICIZERS AND CEMENT

Marsh cone test to find optimum dosage of super plasticizer

Flow time in seconds

50 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4

Super plastcizer doase as a % of cement mass

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Effect of Superplasticizer on the Properties of Hardened Concrete

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Mixing procedure of Plasticizer

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

M35 Grade Concrete without admixture

M35 Grade Concrete with SNF admixture

M35 Grade Concrete Savings Savings per cu.m. of Concrete

Normal Construction site 500 cu.m. of concrete daily

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Well pumpable concrete

Badly pumpable concrete

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Precautions and tips in Field Practice

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Truck Mounted Placer Boom

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Systematic Vibration of Each New Lift

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Column curing (RCC Curing)

Dr. Amit Kr. Shrivastava, DTU,M:9818162728

Sprinkling curing Sprinkling Curing on RCC slab