8esolvlng Lhe SouLh Chlna Sea ulspuLe:

Legal 8eglmes and !"#$%&$'()

LmerlLus rofessor Carlyle A. 1hayer
resenLauon Lo
Workshop on 1he SouLh LasL Asla Sea ulspuLe
AusLrallan 8uslness College
1he unlverslLy of new SouLh Wales, kenslngLon
november 30, 2013
CuLllne
Ceo-sLraLeglc overvlew
un Convenuon on Law of Lhe Sea
ClalmanLs
Assoclauon of SouLheasL Aslan
nauons (ASLAn)/Chlna and Lhe
SouLh Chlna Sea, 1992-2013
Ceo-SLraLeglc Cvervlew
1hree physlcal
feaLures
aracel lslands
Maccleseld
8ank
SpraLly lslands
naLural 8esources
Pydrocarbon resources
Cll proven reserves LsL. = 7.7 bllllon barrels
Cll esumaLes 8 = 28-213 bllllon barrels
naLural gas esumaLes LsL. = 266 Lrllllon cublc
feeL
llsherles
uepleuon due Lo over shlng and polluuon
llshermen golng furLher souLh Lo dlspuLed
waLers
Sea Llnes of Communlcauon
Sea Lanes
un Convenuon on Law of Lhe Sea
A Consntunon for the wor|d's Cceans
Does not address sovere|gnty c|a|ms
Iocus on mar|nme [ur|sd|cnon
Lxc|us|ve Lconom|c 2ones
Connnenta| She|f
Arch|pe|ag|c state
Is|ands]rocks]features
Internanona| 1r|buna| for the Law of the Sea

Plgh Seas
MlllLary
acuvlues
conLesLed by
Chlna and Lhe
uS
lnnocenL
passage
ClalmanLs:
1alwan
Chlna
vleLnam
hlllpplnes
Malaysla
8runel
Cverlapplng
marlume
zones
LLZs based
on unCLCS
Chlna's
clalm Lo
'hlsLorlc
rlghLs'
leaLures Cccupled/Marked
hyslcal Cccupauon
Country Ieatures Cccup|ed
V|etnam 21-26
h|||pp|nes 8-10
Ch|na 7-8
Ma|ays|a S-7
1a|wan 1-2
8rune| 0
A8ACLL lSLAnuS
Ian. 1974 Ch|na Se|zes Crescent Group from South V|etnamy
Woody lsland/?ongxlng (Chlna)
Sansha ClLy, Woody lsland
SouLh !ohnson
8eef (le) and
llery Cross
8eef (below)
March 1988 Chlna
and vleLnam foughL
a naval
engagemenL. Chlna
occupled SouLh
!ohnson and llery
Cross 8eefs
Mlschlef 8eef (hlllpplnes)
Ch|na occup|ed M|sch|ef keef |ate 1994]ear|y 199S.
ASLAn/Chlna & Lhe SouLh Chlna Sea
1
sL
ASLAn SLaLemenL on SouLh Chlna Sea, !uly
1992
1994/93 Chlna occuples Mlschlef 8eef
2
nd
ASLAn SLaLemenL on Lhe SouLh Chlna Sea,
March 1993
ASLAn-Chlna negouauons on CCC, 1993-2000
exchange dras of Lhelr Codes of ConducL
ASLAn-Chlna & SouLh Chlna Sea
Chlna and ASLAn adopL ueclarauon on ConducL
of arues ln Lhe SouLh Chlna Sea (uCC),
november 4, 2002
10. 1he arues concerned reamrm LhaL Lhe
adopuon of a code of conducL ln Lhe SouLh Chlna
Sea would furLher promoLe peace and sLablllLy ln
Lhe reglon and agree Lo work, on Lhe basls of
consensus, Lowards Lhe evenLual aualnmenL of
Lhls ob[ecuve.
uCC 8ulldlng 1rusL and Condence
Poldlng dlalogues and exchanges
Pumane LreaLmenL danger/dlsLress
volunLary noucauon of exerclses
Lxchange of relevanL lnformauon
uCC Cooperauve Acuvlues
Marlne envlronmenLal proLecuon
Marlne sclenuc research
SafeLy of navlgauon/communlcauon
Search and rescue operauon
Combaung Lransnauonal crlme
May 2009
deadllne for
submlsslons
for exLended
conunenLal
shelves - Chlna
omclally Lables
9-dash llne
map
ASLAn-Chlna & SouLh Chlna Sea
ASLAn-Chlna !olnL Worklng Croup Lo
lmplemenL Lhe uCC, uecember 2004
ASLAn Lables dra Culdellnes
Aer seven years of negouauons Chlna and
ASLAn agreed Lo Culdellnes Lo lmplemenL Lhe
uCC, !uly 2011
uCC Culdellnes !uly 2011
ASLAn wlll conunue lLs currenL pracuce
of consulung among Lhemselves before
meeung wlLh Chlna [2003]

1he arues Lo Lhe uCC wlll conunue Lo
promoLe dlalogue and consulLauons ln
accordance wlLh Lhe splrlL of Lhe uCC.
uCC Culdellnes 2011
Addluonal polnL
rogress of Lhe lmplemenLauon of Lhe
agreed acuvlues and pro[ecLs under Lhe
uCC shall be reporLed annually Lo Lhe
ASLAn-Chlna MlnlsLerlal Meeung.
ASLAn/Chlna & SouLh Chlna Sea
!anuary 2012 - ASLAn and Chlnese Senlor
Cmclals began dlscusslon on lmplemenung
guldellnes
Marlne Sclenuc 8esearch LxperL Worklng Croup
LnvlronmenLal roLecuon LWC
Search and 8escue LW
1ransnauonal Crlme LWC
SafeLy of navlgauon and Communlcauon aL Sea
ASLAn/Chlna & SouLh Chlna Sea
uCC led Lo revlval of eorLs Lo reach a Code of
ConducL (CCC)
!anuary 2012 hlllpplnes clrculaLes dra CCC
20
Lh
ASLAn SummlL Apr 2012 - Chlna an lssue
43
Lh
ASLAn MlnlsLerlal Meeung !uly 2012
Approved ASLAn's roposed LlemenLs of a
8eglonal CCC
ulspuLe over !olnL SLaLemenL none lssued
ASLAn/Chlna & SouLh Chlna Sea
43
Lh
AMM 8eLreaL
lndonesla promlses non-paper" on CCC
Shuule dlplomacy
lorelgn MlnlsLer MarLy naLalegawa
ASLAn's 6 olnL rlnclples on SouLh Chlna Sea
Zero ura 8eglonal CCC
Sldellnes un Ceneral Assembly SepL. 2012
ASLAn AdopLs unled ollcy
hlllpplnes: ArblLral 1rlbunal
!anuary - hlllpplnes lodges noucauon and
SLaLemenL of Clalm
Chlna refuses Lo paruclpaLe
Aprll - ArblLral 1rlbunal esLabllshed
!uly - rsL sesslon held
AugusL - rsL procedural order
March 30, 2014 deadllne for hlllpplnes Lo
respond
Ma[or owers
Chlna's rovocauve MlllLary Lxerclses
!ames Shoal 80 km
o LasL Malaysla
March 2013
Ayungln/Second 1homas Shoal
88 +'",,# -#.," (LS1)
Scarborough Shoal: 8ocks or 8locks?
ConcreLe blocks prelude
Lo consLrucuon
vlolauon of Lhe uCC
ulplomauc proLesL
mooLed
lormal Chlna-ASLAn ConsulLauons
19
Lh
ASLAn-Chlna Senlor Cmclals
ConsulLauons (Aprll 2, 2013)
6Lh ASLAn-Chlna Senlor Cmclals Meeung and
9
Lh
Worklng Croup Meeung on Lhe
lmplemenLauon of Lhe uCC (SepL 23-26)
Work lan for 2014
PoL llne suggesLed
LxperL and LmlnenL ersons Croup
AusLrallan lnLeresLs:
lreedom of navlgauon
8esolvlng Lhe SouLh Chlna Sea ulspuLe:
Legal 8eglmes and !"#$%&$'()
hup://www.scrlbd.com/carlLhayer