Part-2 Add-WTA

Chapter p 2-Add A Note on Permeability and ct

A Note on Permeability and ct

What does k/ and ct obtained from well test analysis represent under single and multiphase flow conditions?
R Recall ll f for single-phase i l h fl flow (100% saturation t ti of f the phase), we know
q(r ) = 1.127 103 (2rh) k p B r

k /
Suppose we run a test in an oil zone above bubble point.
Swi (Swc)

Part-2 Add-WTA

k /
In addition, we know that there is connate water saturation in the oil zone, assume that water is not mobile.
So + S wi = 1

In this case, only single phase of oil is valid. Then, what does k/ obtained from well test analysis represent?

k/
Recall that Darcys equation when more than one phase exists is given by

qo( r,t r t ) = 1.127 10

( 2 rh ) ko po Bo o r

Then, k/ would represent the mobility of oil phase at irreducible water saturation (Swi). How different is this value from mobility of oil based on absolute permeability (100% oil saturation)?

k/
Relative Permeability curve based on absolute perm for water wet rock.
We obtain endpoint oil effective perm. This value l i is usually ll 1 1.1 1 or 1.7 times smaller than absolute perm.

k ro =

ko k

Part-2 Add-WTA

k/ Under Multiphase Flow

Suppose now we have multiphase flow of oil and water during the test? What does k/ from well test represent?
k k p q t ( r , t ) = q o , sc B o + q w , sc B w = 1 . 127 10 3 k ( 2 rh ) ro + rw w r o

q t ( r , t ) = 1 . 127 10 3 ( 2 rh ) k t
t = k ro k rw + = o + w o w

p r

Total mobilite

ct
In general, porosity-compressibility product is given by
g g s sw ct = c f + S o co + S w c w + S g c g + S o B p + S w B p o w

B R

B R

If we are in oil and above bubble point with only oil phase mobile, then the above equation reduces to:

c t = (c f + S o c o + S wi c w )

How about if we are in water zone with 100% water saturation? c t = ?

ct
Saturations required in the equations given in the previous slide are obtained from logs and compressibility from PVT studies. For undersaturated oils, co is in the range from 5 to 10-4 4 1/psi . 5x10-5 Water compressibilities range from cw 1x10-6 to 5x10-6 1/psi. Effective formation compressibilities (cf) range from 2x10-6 to 25x10-6 1/psi.