MMIC Design and Technology Amplifier Design

Instructor Dr. Ali Medi

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Data file for actual device

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Stability
Transistor is unstable when |in i | >1

b1 S 21S12 L in = = S11 + a1 1 S 22 L
Boundary Condition for Stability

S 21S12 L S11 + =1 1 S 22 L
Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Stability
Transistor is unstable when |outt| >1
out S 21S12 s b2 = = S 22 + a2 1 S11s

Boundary Condition for Stability

S 21S12 s S 22 + =1 1 S 22 s
Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Stability Circles on Smith Chart

Load or Source stability circle is the locus of points in the L or s plane, for which in or out = 1 1. If the center of the smith chart is enclosed by the stability circle then all points inside the circle are stable. If the center is not enclosed then all points inside the circle are unstable.
Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Unconditional Stability
If all of the smith chart is in a stable region then the transistor is said to be unconditionally stable stable.
in or out <1 for all values of L or S

K=

1 S11 S 22 +
2 2

2 S12 S 21

Unconditionally Stable for K>1

= S11S 22 S12 S 21
Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Constant Gain Circles

GT= Power delivered to load / Power available from source

GT =

S 21 1 s
2

)(1 )
2 L 2

1 S11s S 22 L + s L

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

GTU
When S12=0, 0, GTU=G GsGoGL

Gs =

1 s
2

2 2

1 S11s 1 L
2

G0 = S 21 GL =
Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

1 S 22 L

MAG
S 21 MSG = S12 K <1 S 21 2 MAG = K K 1 S12 K >1
Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Noise Figure
F = Fmin + 4 Rn

(1 )1 +
2 s

s optt

2 2

opt

Fmin is noise figure at opt Rn is normalized noise noise resistance resistance Circles of constant noise figure in s Plane

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Device Data File

! NEC PART NUMBER: NE67300 DATE: 4/83 ! BIAS CONDITIONS: VDS=3V, IDS=10mA ! NOISE PARAMETERS ! NOTE : GATE AND DRAIN BOND WIRES ARE DE-EMBEDDED. ! NOTE : SOURCE BOND WIRE EFFECTS ARE INCLUDED. Ltotal = 0.07 nH ! (4 EACH 0 0.7 7 mil DIAMETER GOLD WIRES APPROXIMATELY 0.015 0 015" LONG). LONG) 1 0.40 .90 12 .57 2 0.40 .85 21 .51 4 0.40 .75 40 .44 FORMAT 6 0.60 .69 55 .38 GHz NFmindB opt Mag opt angle normalized Rn 8 0.80 .62 70 .33 10 1.10 .56 85 .28 12 1 1.40 40 .52 52 99 .24 24 14 1.70 .49 114 .20 16 2.00 .47 127 .18 18 2.25 .45 140 .16
Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Design Process
S in out L

Zo Source

Input Network

Output Network

Zo

Design g s and L to p provide the desired p performance May be a trade with stability, gain, noise figure Then design matching networks

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Design Process
Plot on s plane
Source stability circle Constant Gain circles Constant Noise Figure circles

Choose Ch a suitable it bl value l of f s

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

s = .64 / 95.3 deg

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Design Process
Calculate out

out

S 21S12 s = S 22 + 1 S11s

For example data When s = .64 / 95.3 deg out = 0.61 / -71.9 deg

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Design Process
Plot on L plane
Load stability circle Conjugate of out = out

If out is an allowed value for L

Choose C L = out

Else
Plot Constant Gain circle on L plane Select a suitable value of L
Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

L = .61 / 71.9 deg

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Calculate Gain
GT = S 21 1 s
2

)(1 )
2

1 S11s S 22 L + s L

= S11S 22 S12 S 21
For our example GT = 15.8 10Log GT = 12.0 dB

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Calculate Noise Figure

F = Fmin + 4 Rn

(1 )1 +
2 s

s opt

2 2

opt p

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Some useful Excel functions (must install Analysis ToolPak)

IMABS IMAGINARY IMARGUMENT IMCONJUGATE IMCOS IMDIV IMEXP IMLN IMLOG10 IMLOG2 IMPOWER IMPRODUCT IMREAL IMSIN IMSQRT IMSUB IMSUM Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number Returns the cosine of a complex number Returns the quotient of two complex numbers Returns the exponential of a complex number Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number R t Returns the th base-2 b 2 logarithm l ith of f a complex l number b Returns a complex number raised to an integer power Returns the product of from 2 to 29 complex numbers Returns the real coefficient of a complex number Returns the sine of a complex number Returns the square root of a complex number Returns the difference between two complex p numbers Returns the sum of complex numbers Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Design Input and Output Network

Input network transforms the source impedance such that s is presented to the transistor Output network transforms the load impedance such that L is presented to the transistor

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design

Biasing

Lecture 6 Amplifier Design