Design of School Buildings

As Per NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2005

This Book Deals with the design of school building as per NBC 2005

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8/29/2013

For requirements in regard to fire and life safety for schools housed in temporary structures, please refer to IS 8758-1993, .Recommendations for fire precautionary measures in the construction of temporary structures and pandals. The life and fire hazard potential in such temporary structures are very high, and such premises should not be utilized as educational buildings. After the recent tragic School building fire in Kumbhakonam, Tamil Nadu, on 16th July 2004 which resulted in the death of 93 children and injuring several more, strict instructions have been issued by Central as well as State Govt. authorities prohibiting the use of temporary structures for educational purposes.

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2005 (SP 7:2005)

11.10.1 Day-lighting and Controls
(Draft NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2005: PART 11 APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY 109)

The optimal use of daylight shall be made to reduce the load of the electric lighting system by dimming or switching off luminaries when natural light provides ample illuminance for the task performed in the space. Daylight harvesting has a significant energy saving potential if it is integrated with the building design after comprehensive understanding of site, building orientation, weather conditions, materials and system design. Design for day lighting shall be done in accordance with the National Building Code of India: Part 8 Building Services: Section 1 Lighting and Ventilation. 11.10.2 Artificial Lighting Lamps, luminaries, ballasts and the controlling systems should be monitored for achieving energy efficiency through artificial lighting. Factors that play crucial role in designing an energy efficient lighting system are: a) Reflectance, b) Design of interior spaces, c) Efficiency of lighting systems, d) Task lighting, e) Controlling systems, and f) Monitoring and maintenance. Reference may also be made to the National Lighting Code.

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NBC_2005_PART 3 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES AND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS 25

8.3 Other Occupancies 8.3.1 Open spaces for other occupancies shall be as below: Educational buildings Except for nursery schools, the open spaces around the building shall be not less than 6 m. 12.13 Boundary Wall 12.13.1 The requirements of the boundary wall are given below: a) Except with the special permission of the Authority, the maximum height of the compound wall shall be 1.5 m above the centre line of the front street. Compound wall up to 2.4 m height may be permitted if the top 0.9 m is of open type construction of a design to be approved by the Authority. b) In the case of a corner plot, the height of the boundary wall shall be restricted to 0.75 m for a length of 10 m on the front and side of the inter-sections and the balance height of 0.75 m if required in accordance with (a) may be made up of open type construction (through railings) and of design to be approved by the Authority. c) However, the provisions of (a) and (b) are not applicable to boundary walls of jails. In industrial buildings, electric sub-stations, transformer stations, institutional buildings like sanitoria, hospitals, industrial buildings like workshops, factories and educational buildings like schools, colleges, including hostels and other uses of public utility undertakings and strategically sensitive buildings, a height up to 2.4 m may be permitted by the Authority. ANNEX C (Clause 12.20) SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW INCOME HOUSING IN URBAN AREAS C-1.2 In these planning standards, the general master plan requirement for community open spaces estimated at 0.3 ha for thousand persons is provided; road areas are worked out between 10 and 20 percent of the site area; one nursery school of 0.1 ha is provided for a population of 1500 and shopping centres at 4 shops per thousand population are also covered. C-2.2.3 The layout should generally conform to the following land use:

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NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY

3 FIRE PREVENTION 3.1 Classification of Building Based on Occupancy Sub-division A-3 Dormitories These shall include any building in which group sleeping accommodation is provided, with or without dining facilities for persons who are not members of the same family, in one room or a series of closely associated rooms under joint occupancy and single management, for example, school and college dormitories, students, and other hostels and military barracks. 3.1.3 Group B Educational Buildings These shall include any building used for school, college, and other training institutions for day-care purposes involving assembly for instruction, education or recreation for not less than 20 students. Buildings and structures under Group B shall be further sub-divided as follows: Sub-division B-1 Schools up to senior secondary level Sub-division B-2 All others/training institutions a. Sub-division B-1 Schools up to senior secondary level This sub-division shall include any building or a group of buildings under single management which is used for students not less than 20 in number. b. Sub-division B-2 All others/training institutions This sub-division shall include any building or a group of buildings under single management which is used for students not less than 100 in number. In the case of temporary buildings/structures which are utilized for educational purposes, the provisions of 3.2.5.3 shall apply. If residential accommodation is provided in the schools/institutions that portion of occupancy shall be classified as a building in sub-division A-3.

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NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN Section 1 Loads, Forces and Effects
3.2.1.4 Educational Buildings These shall include any building used for school, college or day-care purposes involving assembly for instruction, education or recreation and which is not covered by assembly buildings.

4.2.5 Sky Component (SC) Sky component for a window of any size is computed by the use of the appropriate table of Annex A. a) The recommended sky component level should be ensured generally on the working plane at the following positions: 1) At a distance of 3 m to 3.75 m from the window along the central line perpendicular to the window, 2) At the centre of the room if more appropriate, and 3) At fixed locations, such as school desks, black-boards and office tables. b) The daylight area of the prescribed sky component should not normally be less than half the total area of the room.

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5.2.2.1 Recommended values for air changes The standards of general ventilation are recommended based on maintenance of required oxygen, carbon dioxide and other air quality levels and for the control of body odours when no products of combustion or other contaminants are present in the air the values of air changes should be as follows: 46. Schoolrooms 5-7 (S1 No. Application Air Change per Hour)

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NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA PART 8 BUILDING SERVICES Section 4 Acoustics, Sound Insulation and Noise Control
6 EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS 6.1 Sources of Noise Nuisance 6.1.1 Outdoor Noise The outdoor sources of noise produced on school premises, which cause disturbance within the school, include the noise arising from playgrounds, playing fields and open-air swimming pools. Though playgrounds are used mainly during break periods, they are also used for games and physical education at times when teaching is in progress in the adjoining class rooms. 6.1.2 Indoor Noise Indoor sources of noise are as follows:

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a) Singing, instrumental and reproduced music which may take place in class rooms and in dining and assembly halls particularly in primary schools. In secondary schools, specialized music rooms are generally provided; b) The movement of chairs, desks and tables at the end of one period may disturb a class. Engaged in a lesson in a room below; c) The shutting and openings of doors and windows which may occur at any time during teaching periods; d) Audio-visual presentations in class rooms; e) Wood and metal workshops, machine shops (engineering laboratories); typing rooms etc, which produce continuous or intermittent sound of considerable loudness; f) Practical work carried out in general teaching areas; g) Gymnasia and swimming pools; h) School kitchens and dining spaces where food preparation and the handling of crockery and utensils persist for the greater part of the school day; i) Corridors and other circulation spaces; and j) Plumbing and mechanical services. 6.2 Recommendations 6.2.1 Site Planning Where outdoor noise nuisance exists from local industry, busy roads, railway, airfields, sport grounds or other sources beyond the control of the school authority, school buildings should be sited as far as possible from the sources of noise. 6.2.1.1 Rooms should be planned in a manner so that the minimum amount of glazing is placed on the side facing the external noise. 6.2.1.2 Noises arising from the activities of a school and from the use of the buildings after school hours may constitute a nuisance to occupants of surrounding property; therefore, it is desirable to place playgrounds, workshops, swimming pools, music rooms, assembly halls and gymnasia as far away as possible from buildings which require a quiet environment. 6.2.3.1 Special attenti6% should be given to noise reduction in schools for the deaf and schools for the blind. Deaf children are taught by means of hearing aids which cannot be used satisfactorily in high noise levels or in reverberant conditions. Blind children depend on good hearing for understanding speech and for detecting changes in environment. In both these types of schools, noise levels should be kept low and reverberation times short. As an example, the reverberation times in empty class-rooms should not exceed one second in schools for the blind or 0.5 second in schools for the deaf.

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6.2.4.4 The recommended minimum sound reduction (DW) between rooms in different classes is 45 dB subject to the following: a) In schools or institutes with a technical bias where noisy activities, such as sheet metal work, plumbing and woodwork, are likely to be practised extensively in normal hours, workshops should be regarded as a special category requiring more than 45 dB isolation (DW)from rooms of any other class.

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES Section 1 Water Supply, Drainage and Sanitation (Including Solid Waste Management)

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5.1.2 Waste Appliances 5.2.5 For Buildings Other than Residences 5.2.5.1 The requirements for fitments for drainage and sanitation in the case of buildings other than residences shall be in accordance with Table 9 to Table 22. The following shall be, in addition, taken into consideration: a) The figures shown are based upon one (1) fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated or part thereof. b) Building categories not included in the tables shall be considered separately by the Authority. c) Drinking fountains shall not be installed in the toilets. d) Where there is the danger of exposure to skin contamination with poisonous, infectious or irritating material, washbasin with eye wash jet and an emergency shower located in an area accessible at all times with the passage/ right of way suitable for access to a wheel chair, shall be provided. e) When applying the provision of these tables for providing the number of fixtures, consideration shall be given to the accessibility of the fixtures. Using purely numerical basis may not result in an installation suited to the need of a specific building. For example, schools should be provided with toilet facilities on each floor. Similarly toilet

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facilities shall be provided for temporary workmen employed in any establishment according to the needs; and in any case one WC and one washbasin shall be provided.

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NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA PART 10 LANDSCAPING, SIGNS AND OUTDOOR DISPLAY STRUCTURES Section 1 Landscape Planning and Design
7.4.3 Applications Air pollution shelterbelts may be used to protect sensitive land uses from air pollution. For instance school playgrounds, children play area and residential estates close to major roads may be so protected. Shelterbelt protection may also be provided for hospitals, institutions, etc, where the vegetation may also be a visual screen and a partial noise barrier. Vegetation may also be used where the existing means of pollution control have proved inadequate.

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