Section 42 - Acrylic Resins

Handout Abstracts Quiz 001. Brauer, G. Dental Applications of Polymers: A Re ie!. "ADA #2:11$1-11$%, 1&''. 002. Peyton, (.A. an) Ant*ony, D.+. , aluation of Dentures Processe) -y Different .ec*ni/ues. " Prost*et Dent 10:2'&-2%2, 1&'0. 000. Goo)1in), R.". an) Sc*ulte, R.2. Dimensional Accuracy of Pour Acrylic Resin an) 2on entional Processin3 of 2ol) 2urin3 Acrylic Resin Bases. " Prost*et Dent 24:''2-''%, 1&#0. 004. 4orton, 4. an) P*illips, R.5. +eat-Release) Stress in Acrylic Dentures. " Prost*et Dent 42:20-2', 1&#&. 00$. 5in1ler, S. an) 6ernon, +. 2olorin3 Acrylic Denture Base Resins. " Prost*et Dent 40:4-#, 1&#% 00'. Pa3niano, R. et al. 4inear Dimensional 2*an3e of Acrylic Resins use) in t*e (a-rication of 2ustom .rays. " Prost*et Dent 4#:2#&-2%0, 1&%2. 00#. Beyli, 7.S. an) 6on(raun*ofer, ".A. Repair of (racture) Acrylic Resin. " Prost*et Dent 44:4&#-$00, 1&%0. 00%. 5ea er, R.,. an) Goe-el, 5.7. Reactions to Acrylic Resin Dental Prost*eses. " Prost*et Dent 40:10%-142, 1&%0. 00&. 4ec*ner, S.8. an) 4autensc*la3er, ,.P. Processin3 2*an3es in 7a9illary 2omplete Dentures. " Prost*et Dent $2:20-24, 1&%4. 010. Du1es, B.S. et al. A 4a-oratory Stu)y of 2*an3es in 6ertical Dimension :sin3 a 2ompression 7ol)in3 an) a Pour Resin. " Prost*et Dent $0:''#-''&, 1&%$. 011. Barco, 7... et al. .*e ,ffect of Relinin3 on t*e Accuracy an) sta-ility of 7a9illary 2omplete Dentures-An in-6itro an) ;n-6i o stu)y. " Prost*et Dent 42:1#-22, 1&#&. 012. Poly<ois, et al. Dimensional Sta-ility of Dentures Processe) in Boila-le Acrylic Resins: A 2omparati e Stu)y. " Prost*et Dent $#: '0&-'4#, 1&%#. 010. =uras1y, ".,. an) 8u1e, ,.S. ;mpro e) A)*esion of Denture Acrylic to Base 7etal Alloys. " Prost*et Dent $#: $20-$24, 1&%#.

014. Peyton, (.A. +istory of Resins in Dentistry. D2>A 1&:211,1&#$. 01$. .a1amata, .. an) Sectos, ". Resin Denture Bases: Re ie! of Accuracy an) Polymeri<ation. ;nt " Prost*o)ont 2:$$$, 1&%&. 01'. "erolimo , 6. an) Broo1s, S.2. Rapi) 2urin3 of Acrylic Denture Base 7aterials. Dent 7ater $:1%, 1&%&. 01#. Baemmert, R.". an) 4an3, B.R. .*e ,ffects of Denture .eet* on Dimensional Accuracy of Acrylic Resin Denture Bases. ;nt " Prost*o)ont 0:2#&, 1&&0. 01%. Stro*a er, R.A. 2omparison of 2*an3es in 6ertical Dimension Bet!een 2ompression an) in?ection 7ol)e) 2omplete Dentures. " Prost*et Dent '2:#1', 1&%&. 01&. S*los-er3, R.S. an) Goo)acre, 2.". 7icro!a e ,ner3y Polymeri<ation of Poly @7et*yl 7et*acrylateA Denture Base Resin. ;nt " Prost*o)ont 2:4$0, 1&%&. 020. 8*an, =. an) 6on(raun*ofer, ".A. .*e Stainin3 2*aracteristics .rans erse Stren3t* an) 7icro*ar)ness of a 6isi-le 4i3*t-2ure) Denture Base 7aterial. " Prost*et Dent $#:0%4, 1&%#. 021. +aya1a!a, ;. et al. Properties of a >e! 4i3*t Polymeri<in3 Relinin3 7aterial. ;nt " Prost*o)ont 0:2#%-0%4, 1&&0. Handout +an)out not a aila-le at t*is time......... Abstracts 42-001. Brauer, G. Dental applications of poly ers! A re"ie#. $ADA %2!11&1-11&', 1()). 7et*acrylates are t*e most e9tensi ely use) )ental resinsB t*ey fulfill t*e re/uisites for )enture plastics of *i3* stren3t*, outstan)in3 optical properties, lo! !ater sorption, solu-ility, an) )imensional sta-ility. 7ost )enture -ases, t*e primary application of plastics in )entistry, t*erefore contain poly @met*yl met*acrylateA as t*e main in3re)ient. .*e li/ui) consists of met*yl met*acrylate, plastici<ers, an) et*ylene )imet*acrylate or )i inyl-en<ene as a crosslin1in3 a3ent. .*e po!)ere) polymer usually contains suspension-polymeri<e) met*yl met*acrylate t*at may *a e -een mo)ifie) !it* small amounts of et*yl or -utyl met*acrylate or et*yl acrylate to pro)uce a some!*at softer pro)uct. A catalyst, 3enerally -en<oyl pero9i)e is incorporate) into t*e po!)er to3et*er !it* pi3ments, )yes, an) opacifiers. .*ese slurries are cure) at 1'$0( for % *ours or at 1'$0( for &0 minutes follo!e) -y an) a))itional *our at 2100(. Repair of )entures -y col)-curin3 tec*ni/ues is recommen)e) to a oi) t*e )imensional )istortion t*at may occur !it* temperatures a-o e 1$00(. Properties of typical acrylic, poly inyl-acrylic, an) polystyrene )enture -ases are )iscusse). Plastics are also use) for artificial teet*, fillin3 materials, an) cro!n an) -ri)3e prost*eses. .*e merits an) ina)e/uacies of arious plastics in eac* of t*ese capacities are re ie!e)

42-002. *eyton, +.A. and Ant,ony, D.H. -"aluation of dentures processed by different tec,ni.ues. $ *rost,et Dent 1/!2)(-2'2, 1()/. 5*en e aluatin3 t*e accuracy of )enture -ases, it !as foun) t*at self-cure) acrylics !ere most accurate follo!e) -y cast c*romium-co-alt, *eat-cure) acrylics an) t*en in?ecte) acrylics. .*e clinical importance of t*ese small )iscrepancies is not 1no!n as all seem to a)apt in t*e oral settin3. ;nternal stresses are create) in t*e *eat-curin3 process an) it is -elie e) t*at !*en t*ese )enture -ases are su-?ecte) to *eat a3ain, t*e stresses are release). .*is accounts for t*e !arpa3e note) !*en )enture -ases !ere repaire) usin3 a *eat-cure) resin. Self-curin3 acrylic )i) not e9*i-it !arpa3e an) s*oul) -e t*e met*o) use) for )enture repair. 42-00/. Good0ind, 1.$. and 2c,ulte, 1.3. Di ensional accuracy of pour acrylic resin and con"entional processin4 of cold curin4 acrylic resin bases. $ *rost,et Dent 24!))2-))', 1(%0. Denture -ases forme) -y t*e pour tec*ni/ue e9*i-ite) more s*rin1a3e t*an t*e -ases forme) -y t*e col)-cure met*o). Bot* types of -ases )i) )emonstrate some s*rin1a3e -ut it is not 1no!n if t*e amount of )imensional c*an3e !ill -e si3nificant clinically. Stora3e of t*e t!o types of acrylic -ases in !ater for o er si9 mont*s re eale) no si3nificant )imensional c*an3e. 42-004. 5orton, 5. and *,illips, 1.6. Heat-released stress in acrylic dentures. $ *rost,et Dent 42!2/-2), 1(%(. Su-?ectin3 acrylic )enture -ases to !ater temperatures o er &0 )e3rees )i) *a e si3nificant o-ser a-le c*an3es in )imension t*at may effect t*e fit of t*e )enture. .*e )imensional c*an3es, *o!e er, are more comple9 an) are not uniform as one !oul) e9pect. Grin)in3 on a )enture -ase !it* car-i)e -urs an) especially !it* lat*e )is1s pro)uce) e9cessi ely *i3* temperatures. C er*eatin3 e en small re3ions of t*e )enture can cause locali<e) )istortion an) result in )imensional c*an3e. 42-00&. 6in0ler, 2. and 7ernon, H. 3olorin4 acrylic denture base resins. $ *rost,et Dent 40!4-%, 1(%'. 2ommonly use) pi3ments inclu)e ca)mium sulfi)e, ca)mium sulfo-seleni)e, iron o9i)e, <inc c*romate, an) mercuric sulfi)e. Besi)es t*e colorin3 a3ents, opacifiers are also use). .itanium )io9i)e is employe) most fre/uently. .*e amount of pi3ment use) is ery small in proportion to t*e po!)er, an) -ecause it is inert it )oes not enter into t*e polymeri<ation reaction. .*e )enture, -ein3 translucent, transmits t*e natural color of t*e oral tissue. 2oloration -y inor3anic pi3ments )oes not affect t*e p*ysical properties of t*e resinB it affects only color an) transparency. Acrylic resin an) nylon fi-ers are use) as c*aracteri<in3 fi-ers. 42-00). *a4niano, 1. et al. 5inear di ensional c,an4e of acrylic resins used in t,e fabrication of custo trays. $ *rost,et Dent 4%!2%(-2'/, 1('2.

Purpose: .o ascertain t*e linear )imensional c*an3e of four col)-curin3 acrylic resin custom tray materials. 7et*o)s D 7aterials: 2oe .ray, Cntray, (astray an) +y3on !ere measure) for )imensional c*an3e -e3innin3 !it* 1$ minutes after initiation of mi9in3. 2ontinuous c*an3e !as recor)e) o er a 24-*our perio). Results: .*e most rapi) linear )imensional s*rin1a3e of all materials occurre) in t*e first *our after mi9in3. +y3on un)er!ent t*e least amount of linear )imensional c*an3e )urin3 t*e initial sta3es of t*e test, as !ell as o er t*e remain)er of t*e testin3 perio). ;t reac*e) &0E of its total 24-*our c*an3e at 10 1F2 *ours from t*e time of mi9in3. 2oe .ray un)er!ent t*e 3reatest amount of )imensional c*an3e in t*e early sta3es of t*e test, an) su-se/uently o er t*e 24-*our perio). .*e material reac*e) &0E of its total 24-*our c*an3e !it*in 2 *ours from t*e time of mi9in3. 2onclusions: ;)eally, !aitin3 at least & *ours after fa-rication of a custom tray allo!s t*e materials teste) to -ecome comparati ely sta-le. ;f it is necessary to use a tray soon after fa-rication, follo!in3 *ar)enin3, it s*oul) -e place) in -oilin3 !ater for $ minutes an) t*en coole) to room temperature. 5it* any met*o) t*e impression s*oul) -e poure) as soon as possi-le to minimi<e t*e effect of )istortion cause) -y t*e )imensional c*an3es o-ser e) !it* tray materials. 42-00%. Beyli, 8.2. and 7on+raun,ofer, $.A. 1epair of fractured acrylic resin. $ *rost,et Dent 44!4(%-&0/, 1('0. 7aterials D 7et*o)s: 1. Rectan3ular -ars !ere fa-ricate) of *eat cure) resin usin3 t!o trial pac1s. .*ey !ere fracture) in t*ree point -en)in3 an) t*e fracture -e*a ior !as recor)e). 2. Gaps ran3in3 from 1 to $ mm. !ere prepare) !it* -utt ?oints -et!een t*e fracture) e)3es of t*e samples. .*ese initial stu)ies in)icate) t*at 0 mm. !as a suita-le 3ap an) su-se/uent testin3 !as )one !it* 3ap !i)t*s of 0 mm. 0. Se en e)3e profiles !ere teste) in t*ree point -en)in3 after repair !it* self-curin3 resin. .*ese profiles !ere: 1nife-e)3e, in erse 1nife-e)3e, roun)e), lap, ra--et, in erse ra--et, o3ee. 1esults! 1. Butt ?oint !as inferior to in erse 1nife-e)3e, roun), lap, in erse ra--et, an) o3ee. 2. Gap s*oul) -e 0 mm. or less to minimi<e -ul1 of repair material use). 0. .reatment of t*e ?oine) surfaces -y pumice polis*in3 or monomer application !as not -eneficial. 4. ;t #ould -e -eneficial to )elay )eli ery to t*e patient for a perio) of four *ours. 42-00'. 6ea"er, 1.-. and Goebel, 6.8. 1eactions to acrylic resin dental prost,eses. $ *rost,et Dent 4/!1/'-142, 1('0. 2auses of Denture Sore 7out*: Descriptions of oral reactions to acrylic resins inclu)e symptoms suc* as -urnin3 mout* an) ton3ue, re)ness, an) erosions of t*e oral mucosa. 2auses

of t*ese symptoms inclu)e trauma from ill-fittin3 )entures, local c*emical irritation cause) -y acrylic resin or itGs constituents, or ot*er systemic an) oral )iseases not relate) to acrylic resin. ;ll-fittin3 or poorly a)?uste) )entures are t*e most common cause of )enture )iscomfort. 7et*yl met*acrylate monomer *as also -een s*o!n to -e a primary irritant, elicitin3 a locali<e) inflammatory response -y )irect action on t*e tissues. Aller3ic reactions to met*yl met*acrylate monomer are usually a contact )ermatitis. 2ompletely polymeri<e) met*yl met*acrylate pro-a-ly )oes not cause suc* reactions. 1e"ie# of 3linical 2tudies and *atient 1eports!

(is*er @1&$'A - 7et*yl met*acrylate monomer - 77A - is a sensiti<er !*ic* can cause an aller3ic contact ec<ematous reaction. 2ompletely polymeri<e) met*yl met*acrylate poly @77AA - is not. 2rissey @1&'$A D Daniele!ic<-Stysia1 @1&#1A - -ot* conclu)e) t*at stomatitis enenata is a possi-le but rare outcome of 77A aller3y. >y/uist @1&$2A - foun) t*at in 24% patients !it* )enture sore mout*, *e coul) not )etermine *ypersensiti ity to t*e )enture -ase to -e t*e cause. +e implicate) trauma as t*e ma?or cause. A9elsson an) >y/uist @1&'2A - Deli-erately un)ercure) )entures in a lon3itu)inal stu)y. .*ey foun) *yper1eratosis in t*e first !ee1 !it* no si3ns of inflammation. +yper1eratosis resol e) !it*in one mont*. .*ey conclu)e) t*at resi)ual 77A )i) not play a su-stantial role in )enture sore mout*. ;t !as not )etermine) t*at t*e *yper1eratosis !as relate) to resi)ual 77A. Bu)t<-"or3ensen an) Bertram @1&#0A - (elt t*at C. albicans is one of t*e most aller3enic microor3anisms an) t*at it may *a e -een in ol e) in t*e reactions attri-ute) to resi)ual 77A in early stu)ies.

2onclusions: Acrylic resin aller3y is a possi-le -ut rare occurrence, an) patients s*oul) not -e ta33e) !it* t*is )ia3nosis unless all possi-le reasons for t*e symptoms *a e -een e aluate). 42-00(. 5ec,ner, 2.9. and 5autensc,la4er, -.*. *rocessin4 c,an4es in dentures. $ *rost,et Dent &2!20-24, 1('4. a:illary co plete

Purpose: Pro i)e a isual an) measura-le appreciation of processin3 c*an3es occurrin3 in con)itions similar to t*ose in clinical situations. Discussion: An o erall contraction results form processin3 c*an3es t*at occur in complete )entures. Results: Bot* s*rin1a3e an) )istortion of t*e -ases occur after one curin3 cycle. S*rin1a3e !as not affecte) -y t*e t*ic1ness of t*e acrylic resin, presence or a-sence of un)ercuts or t!o curin3 cycles. Discussion: Discrepancies seen clinically in s*rin1a3e an)For contour c*an3e may -e )ue to suc* factors as e9cess *eat application )urin3 -oil-out or polis*in3. Actual s*rin1a3e !as ne3li3i-le, t*erefore )istortion must also -e consi)ere) an important factor. 42-010. Du0es, B.2. et al. A laboratory study of c,an4es in "ertical di ension usin4 a co pression oldin4 and a pour resin. $ *rost,et Dent &/!))%-))(, 1('&.

Purpose: , aluate t*e c*an3es in ertical )imension of complete )entures -y comparin3 compression mol)in3 !it* a pour resin tec*ni/ue. 7aterials D 7et*o)s: 00 sets of complete )entures !ere e aluate) for eac* cate3ory. Results: .*e increase in ertical )imension !as '.$ times 3reater for t*e pour resin tec*ni/ue t*an for t*e compression mol)in3 tec*ni/ue. 42-011. Barco, 8.;. et al. ;,e effect of relinin4 on t,e accuracy and stability of a:illary co plete dentures! An in-"itro and in-"i"o study. $ *rost,et Dent 42!1%-22, 1(%(. Purpose: .o )etermine if *eat cure) ma9illary )enture -ase after relinin3 is more accurate t*an !it*out an) secon)arily if an impro ement in t*e fit of t*e or)er ac*ie e) -y t*e relinin3 proce)ure is reflecte) in t*e sta-ility of t*e )enture un)er function. Discussion: .*e la- )ata clearly in)icate a -etter fittin3 )enture can -e ac*ie e) -y relinin3 t*e *eat-cure) )enture !it* autopolymeri<in3 acrylic resin. 7easurement on )enture mo ement in function !as not si3nificantly )ifferent after relinin3 alt*ou3* it !as less. 4ess )istortion occurre) after processin3 if no teet* !ere present in t*e *eat-cure) )enture -ase. A limite) clinical sample si<e @$A !as use). 42-012. *olyzois, et al. Di ensional stability of dentures processed in boilable acrylic resins! A co parati"e study. $ *rost,et Dent &%! )/(-)4%, 1('%. Purpose: .o e9amine an) compare t*e linear )imensional c*an3es of t*ree -oila-le )enture resins !it* a con entional an) a *i3*-impact *eat-cure) resin. 7aterials D 7et*o)s: .!enty-fi e complete ma9illary )enture !a9-ups @fi e for eac* )enture resinA !it* reference points !ere ma)e. .*e )entures !ere prepare) -y a stan)ar)i<e) compression mol)in3 tec*ni/ue accor)in3 to t*e manufacturersG processin3 )irections for eac* )enture resin. 7easurements -et!een t*e reference points !ere ma)e: 1. 2. 0. 4. at t*e !a9-up sta3e -efore in estin3 after processin3 an) -efore )ecastin3 after )ecastin3 after t*e )entures *a) -een store) in )istille) !ater at room temperature for 1 !ee1.

Results: All fi e )enture resins pro)uce )entures t*at s*rin1. 4inear s*rin1a3es of )enture -ases an) teet* )istances !ere less t*an 1E. 7a9illary complete )entures processe) in -oila-le resins presente) less )istortion in t*e mi)palatal area across t*e posterior section t*an )entures processe) in t*e con entional *eat-cure) resin. 2onclusion: Alt*ou3* t*e linear c*an3es reporte) may -e clinically insi3nificant, clinical stu)ies s*oul) -e con)ucte) to esta-lis* correlation !it* la-oratory fin)in3s. 42-01/. <uras0y, $.-. and 9u0e, -.2. = pro"ed ad,esion of denture acrylic to base alloys. $ *rost,et Dent &%! &20-&24, 1('%. etal

Purpose: .o e9amine t*e retenti e -on) stren3t* of a )enture acrylic resin to an electroc*emically etc*e) -ase metal in comparison !it* t*at of con entional retenti e -ea)s.

7aterials D 7et*o)s: (orty nic1el-c*rome specimens, 1 cm s/uare an) 1.'mm t*ic1, !ere cast. .!o 3roups of metal specimens !ere prepare): 20 for electrolytic etc*in3 an) 20 !it* -ea) retention. .*e specimens !ere pac1e) !it* 4ucitone 1&&, cure), reco ere), an) store) in )istille) !ater prior to -on) testin3. Results: .*e etc*e) tensile -on) is nearly 0.$ times 3reater t*an t*e stren3t* of t*e -on) !it* t*e -ea)s. .*e tensile fracture for t*e etc*e) specimens !as one of a co*esi e failure of t*e acrylic resin @failure !it*in t*e poly@met*yl met*acrylateA. .*e -ea) specimens faile) a)*esi ely at t*e resin-metal interface. 2onclusions: Acrylic resin retention *as al!ays -een a pro-lem !*ere interarc* space is minimal. 7icroscopic etc*e) retention preser es t*e ma9imum remainin3 space for placement of artificial teet*. 42-014. *eyton, +.A. History of resins in dentistry. D3>A 1(!211,1(%&. Purpose: Present t*e *istory of )enture -ase materials

Prior to 1%40: Dentures ma)e of naturally occurrin3 materials. +ar)!oo), i ory -one an) natural teet* *el) in -y scre!s. Porcelain teet* ma)e in America -y 1%2$. .o )ate !as most si3nificant a) ance. 1%40-1&40: ;n 1%$$ 6ulcanite )enture -ases populari<e). Poor color, taste, an) o)or. 7ost si3nificant a) ance since porcelain teet* ;n 1%'% +yatt prepare) first mo)elin3 compoun) 1no!n as 2elluloi). :se of camp*or to plastici<e le) to unpleasant taste an) o)or, also *a) ten)ency to !arp or )istort after processin3. ;n 1&0& Ba1elite intro)uce), lac1e) uniformity of color an) stren3t* 1&02 6inyl 2*lori)e an) 6inyl Acetate impro e) color -ut prone to fracture 1&0# 5ri3*t intro)uce) met*yl met*acrylate resin an) -y 1&4' !as use) in &$E of all )entures

42-01&. ;a0a ata, ;. and 2ectos, $. 1esin denture bases! 1e"ie# of accuracy and poly erization. =nt $ *rost,odont 2!&&&, 1('(. Purpose: Re ie! met*o)s of )enture -ase polymeri<ation 1. +eat Acti ate) - most commonly use), s*rin1a3e of t*e resin an) )ifferent coefficients of e9pansion -et!een resin an) 3ypsum result in internal stress of t*e )enture -ase 2. Self Acti ate) Resins - main a) anta3e is time sa in3s, -ut poorer mec*anical properties. .eet* )islo)3e, more fractures an) increase) !ear. 0. 7icro!a e - similar properties to *eat cure), may not -e /uite as stron3 an) *a e less free monomer. 4. 6isi-le li3*t cure) - lo!er mec*anical properties an) increase) ten)ency to stain 42-01). $eroli o", 7. and Broo0s, 2.3. 1apid curin4 of acrylic denture base Dent 8ater &!1', 1('(. aterials.

Purpose: ;n esti3ate t*e rapi) curin3 cycle in terms of porosity, transparency, resi)ual monomer an) mec*anical properties to )etermine !*ic* constituents can -e controlle) to minimi<e porosity. 7aterials D 7et*o)s: .*ree po!)ers !it* )ifferent -en<oyl pero9i)e conc. an) si9 conc. of tertiary amine teste) !it* rapi) an) o erni3*t cure of )ifferent t*ic1ness of materials. 2onclusions: 1. 2. 0. 4. C erni3*t cures *a) no pro-lems !it* porosity Rapi) cure cycles re/uire a material suita-le for t*is purpose Rapi) cure pro)uces *i3*er le els of resi)ual monomer .2'E Ben<oyl pero9i)e 1ey to eliminatin3 porosity of rapi) cure, .02$E of tertiary amine !ill *elp re)uce porosity )urin3 rapi) cure $. (ine porosity may 3o unnotice), su-stantial porosity )ecreases mec*anical properties '. (or t*ic1 )entures a lon3er cure is a) isa-le #. A polymer po!)er specific for rapi) cure can -e fa-ricate) -y consi)erin3 particle si<e an) initiator content 42-01%. Bae ert, 1.$. and 5an4, B.1. ;,e effects of denture teet, on di ensional accuracy of acrylic resin denture bases. =nt $ *rost,odont /!2%(, 1((0. Purpose: .o stu)y t*e effects of )enture teet* on t*e )imensional accuracy of acrylic resin )enture -ases. 7aterials D 7et*o)s: .*e 7ic*i3an 2omputer-Grap*ics 2oor)inate measurin3 System !as use) to )etermine t*e effects of artificial )enture teet* on t*e accuracy of t!o poly@met*yl met*acrylateA )enture -ase materials an) t!o )ifferent processin3 tec*ni/ues, @compression mol)in3 an) in?ection pressin3A one set !it* teet* an) t*e ot*er !it*out. 2onclusions: .est samples processe) !it* )enture teet* pro)uce) more accurate points t*an t*ose processe) !it*out )enture teet*. .*e test samples usin3 2*-4ucitone !it* compression mol)in3 yiel)e) more accurate points t*an t*ose processe) !it* SR-; ocap !it* in?ection pressin3. 42-01'. 2tro,a"er, 1.A. 3o parison of c,an4es in "ertical di ension bet#een co pression and in?ection olded co plete dentures. $ *rost,et Dent )2!%1), 1('(. Purpose: .o attempt to clarify conflictin3 reports -y comparin3 c*an3es in t*e ertical )imension of complete )entures processe) -y t*e compression an) in?ection met*o)s. 7aterials D 7et*o)s: 2omplete )entures ma)e for 00 patients, 1$ processe) -y con entional compression mol)in3 an) 1$ processe) -y SR-; ocap in?ection system. 2*an3es in ertical )imension -et!een t*e !a9e) an) processe) )entures !ere measure) at t*e incisal 3ui)ance pin -y use of a )ial in)icator. Results: 7ean increase of ertical )imension for con entional pac1 an) press met*o) !as 0.2$ inc*es. 7ean increase of t*e ertical )imension for SR-; oclar !as 0.0010 inc*. 2onclusions: ;n?ection met*o) pro)uce) ne3li3i-le c*an3es in ertical )imension at t*e incisal pin compare) to t*e con entional compression mol)in3 met*o).

42-01(. 2,losber4, 1.2. and Goodacre, 3.$. 8icro#a"e ener4y *oly erization of poly @ et,yl et,acrylateA denture base resin. =nt $ *rost,odont 2!4&/, 1('(. Purpose: 2ompare t*e use of micro!a e ener3y !it* a *ot !ater -at* for polymeri<in3 )enture -ase resin. 2omparison -ase) on Dimensional accuracy an) porosity of complete )enture -ases, arious p*ysical properties of t*e resin, an) resin /uality close to an) remote from t*e metal frame!or1 of remo a-le partial )entures. 7et*o)s D 7aterials: A. Dimensional accuracy an) porosity of complete )enture -ases: .en P6S impressions of stainless-steel master )ie !ere ma)e. .en complete )entures !a9e) to final form usin3 a ?i3 to stan)ar)i<e toot* position. $ processe) in metal flas1 !it* compression met*o) an) !ater -at* at #4 2 for % *ours t*en 1 *our at 100 2. (i e !ere processe) ia t*e micro!a e. .*en )imensional calculations ma)e after fa-rication. B. P*ysical Property .ests: ,i3*t resin test strips !ere polymeri<e) -y t*e *ot !ater -at* tec*ni/ue, an) ei3*t strips polymeri<e) ia micro!a e, -ot* mille) an) polis*e) to specific )imensions. .ests !ere t*en ma)e for Density, .rans erse stren3t*, +ar)ness, Resi)ual 7onomer 2ontent, an) Resin Repair Stren3t*. 2. RPD: Si9 8enne)y 2lass ; RPD frame!or1s fa-ricate) resin -asis of 4 !ere micro!a e processe), 2 processe) ia *ot !ater -at* polymeri<ation. All !ere im-e))e) in epo9y resin an) sectione), polis*e) an) teste) for 8noop *ar)ness near t*e frame!or1. 2onclusions: >o )ifferences foun) in trans erse stren3t*, 8noop *ar)ness, )ensity, an) resi)ual monomer content of resin test strips. >o porosity !as o-ser e) in complete or remo a-le partial )enture -ases polymeri<e) -y eit*er tec*ni/ue. 42-020. 9,an, <. and 7on+raun,ofer, $.A. ;,e stainin4 c,aracteristics, trans"erse stren4t, and icro,ardness of a "isible li4,t-cured denture base aterial. $ *rost,et Dent &%!/'4, 1('%. Purpose: .o e aluate t*e mec*anical properties an) surface c*aracteristics of t*e .ria) 642 )enture -ase material an) compares t*e trans erse stren3t*, surface *ar)ness an) stainin3 potential of t*e 642 material !it* a con entional acrylic resin, P77A, )enture -ase material. 7aterials D 7et*o)s: ,i3*t -loc1s !ere ma)e of eac* material

Stainin3 test: %00 ml of )istille) !ater at 100 2 to !*ic* one tea -a3 steepe) for $ minutes, t*en 0.1 3 of so)ium a<i)e a))e) as antifun3al, anti-acterial. ,ac* specimen !as place) in its o!n solution an) p*oto3rap*e) e ery 10 )ays for mont*s. Surface *ar)ness: 7icromet semi-automatic micro*ar)ness tester .rans erse Stren3t*s: stan)ar) fle9ural test, ADA Specification >o. 12

2onclusions: .ria) 642 )enture material *a) superior trans erse stren3t* an) surface *ar)ness t*an con entional )enture -ase acrylic resin, -ut s*o!e) si3nificantly 3reater stainin3 t*an t*e acrylic resin material. 42-021. Haya0a#a, =. et al. *roperties of a ne# li4,t poly erizin4 relinin4 *rost,odont /!2%'-/'4, 1((0. aterial. =nt $

Purpose: .o e aluate a ne!ly )e elope) li3*t-polymeri<e) relinin3 material.@,pore9-RA Discussion: .*e material !as e aluate) for its )e3ree of a)*esion -et!een t*e ne! material an) an e9istin3 )enture -ase, t*e fit of t*e reline) )enture, t*e reinforcin3 effect of lamination on t*e )enture -ase resin. .*e relinin3 proce)ure is also )escri-e). 2onclusions: .*e p*ysical properties s*o!e) lo!er alues for -en)in3 stren3t* t*an con entional resins, -ut laminatin3 t*e )enture -ase an) reline material increase) t*e plasticity an) t*e tou3*ness. .*e fit of t*e reline) )enture !as similar to t*at of t*e autopolymeri<in3 resin, an) a stron3 a)*esion to t*e )enture -ase !as ac*ie e) !*en t*e li3*t acti ate) -on)in3 a3ent !as use). 5iterature Quiz - 2ection 42 @Acrylic 1esins ;. >ame fi e i)eal c*aracteristics t*at a )ental acrylic s*oul) possesH 1. 2. 0. 4. $.

;;. 5*at acrylic resins are a aila-le to)ay an) *o! )o t*ey )ifferH

;;;. 5*at effect )oes a rapi) curin3 tec*ni/ue *a e on t*e )enture -asesH

;6. 5*at is *eat release) stress an) !*at factors *a e -een foun) to contri-ute to *eat release) stressH

6. 5*at type of reporte) oral tissue reactions *a e -een associate) !it* acrylic resin prost*esesH

6;. 5*at materials *a e -een use) in t*e colorin3 of acrylic resinH

6;;. +o! )oes relinin3 effect t*e accuracy an) sta-ility of t*e ma9illary complete )enture !*en processe) -y: 1. +eat curin3H 2. Autopolymeri<in3H 0. 4i3*t acti ationH

6;;;. >ame four types of transitional ?oints reporte) superior to t*e tra)itional -utt ?oint !*en repairin3 an acrylic -aseH