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II. AIM AND OBJECTIVE Basically, there are two types of pump; dynamic and
positive displacement pumps. We choose the type of positive
The main ambition of this research is to design hydraulic
for it can change in the small internal leakage that makes the
circuit for CNC lathe machine which is more useful than
conventional lathe machine. This circuit makes the machine output flow constant. And, positive displace pumps are divided
faster, more safety and reliable. The objective of this thesis is into three types, namely, gear, vane and piston pumps.
to analyze the working principle of components in the However, the gear pump is one type of the fixed
hydraulic circuit and to design the hydraulic control system in displacement pumps. Moreover, although the piston pump can
CNC lathe machine. be designed both fixed and variable displacement design, it is
more accurate for getting the reversible flow through the
III. SCOPE OF THESIS pump.
To design the hydraulic circuit for CNC lathe machine, the Therefore, the vane type pump is chosen. On the other hand,
relative components and the working principle of components it doesn’t need reversible flow and only needs variable type for
in this machine should firstly be analyzed. CNC lathe machine converted from conventional lathe.
After studying the technologies of components, the basic However, there are two types in vane pump; unbalance and
concept of hydraulic circuit is analyzed for certain and the balance. We choose the unbalance type because a balance
whole hydraulic circuit is designed. And then the transfer vane pump can’t be designed as a variable displacement unit.
functions of hydraulic circuit are derived for providing After all, an unbalance vane pump is chosen for hydraulic
MATLAB program. circuit in CNC lathe machine.
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position. On the other hand, the tool changer must be in the C. Calculation for Cylinder Piston
unclamp position when changing the tools as desired. Basing on the head losses of valve and pipes between pump
A. Design Calculation of Vane Pump and cylinder piston, we have the force of extension and
retraction of cylinder; 11.52 kN and 17.54 kN respectively.
And the power of cylinder is 0.7 kW.
D. Calculation for Motor
This motor is a type of piston motor which is produced from
Lio Shin Company. Its can operate at 80 rpm and its flow rate
is 18 L/min (or) 3 × 10-4 m3/s. And its maximum pressure is 20
kgf/cm2 (or) 1933.41kPa. Applying these parameters, the
volumetric displacement is 2.1 × 10-4 m3/s and the overall
efficiency of motor is 89.43 %.
Piston motors typically have an overall efficiency of 85 to
95%. So, the overall efficiency for this system has a range in
standard ranges.
For path 1,
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 42 2008
ζ1= 1/4 [2Xm,1 / (1- )]1/2 _[(1+KW) / {1+KW (1- )1/2}] (5) VIII. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
By using above equations, the transfer function of path 1 is
obtained. For path 1,
G1(s) H(s) = 2.5 / (0.023s3 + 0.0007s2 +s) By simulating the block diagram as shown in Fig (6) with
By modeling this transfer function, MATLAB program,
Transfer Function of
Rate Limiter Valve and Cylinder
Displacement (mm)
Amplifier
Step Gain Scope
Feedback Gain
For path 2, Fig. 9 Step Response for Cylinder under Position Control
= 1 / (0.04s2 + 0.14s+1)
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technology. Machining and metalworking have been [10] William L. DeRoy: Classification of Positive Displacement Pump, 2000,
http://www.eduadv.org/eng/mechtro/hyd.mac
developed with computer technology. More efficiency output [11] Spotts.M.F.: Design of Machine Elements, Maruzen Company LTD,
operations with even greater precision resulted from this 2000.
marriage of machining and computers. In this technology, the [12] Ing.grad.A. Schmitt: The Hydraulic Trainer, SIR ISAAC PITMAN &
hydraulic system is extensively used to control the process and SONS LTD, 2001.
[13] John F.Douglas and Janusz M.Gasiorek: Fluid Mechanics, 4th ed.
drive the machines. So, most of conventional lathe machine Person Education (Singpore) Pte.Ltd, 2002.
are currently converted to CNC lathe machine. The hydraulic [14] H.C.Town: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Operation of Machines, Mac
circuit is very important for controlling the hydraulic system Graw-Hill Co., 2003.
[15] Binit Kumar Jha: CNC Porgramming Made Easy, Tota Yodogawa
and describes the functional structure of the hydraulic system. Limited, 2004.
In this thesis, the main components in hydraulic circuit and [16] Anthony Esposito: Fluid Power With Applications, 6thed. Prentice-Hall
its functions have been discussed in chapter three. Some of India Private Limited, 2005.
parameters of pump are taken from Camel Pump Company and
motor’s, from Lio Shing Company. Basing these parameters,
the efficiency of pump is 96% and motor’s is over 89%.
The performance of hydraulic circuit is provided with the
transfer functions. The hydraulic circuit in this thesis can be
divided by two paths; (1) a directional control valve (4/2 way)
and a cylinder, and (2) a directional valve (4/3 way) and a
piston motor. The main reason for dividing two paths is that
these two portions are not operated at the same time. So, each
path can be derived to transfer function. From the transfer
function, there is a curve for each path. These curves show
versus of output and time. And, these transfer functions are
provided with MATLAB programming procedure. The main
purpose of this thesis is to control cylinder position and
especially motor speed. According to these curves, it is found
that dynamic responses for components are stable. So, the
whole hydraulic circuit is meant to be stable.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research paper couldn’t have been accomplished
without help and guidance from the people who served on the
committee of WCSET. Especially, it is worth to express the
deepest gratitude to Dr. Khin Maung Aye, Rector, West
Yangon Technological University and Dr. Mya Mya Khaing,
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Yangon Technological University. Finally, the author
extremely thanks to her friend, Dr. Thin Sandar Oo, Lecturer,
Department of Textile Engineering, West Yangon
Technological University and all members of her family.
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[1] C.T.Bower: The book of the Lathe, AM.I.Prod.E, London, 1957.
[2] Herbert Addison: The Pump User’s Handbook, Mac Graw-Hill Co.,
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[3] Willian Wolansky and Akers: Modern Hydraulics, A Bell & Howell
Information Co, London, 1970.
[4] Josheph.P.Messina and Igor J Karassik: Pump Handbook, Mc Graw-Hill
Book Company, 1983.
[5] Theodore Franklin: Cam Type Turret Lath Machine, Lio Shing
Company. 1984, http:// www.turret.com.tw
[6] Bumin.F.F.: Conversion of a Conventional General Purpose Lathe to a
CNC Lathe, M.S.C Thesis, M.F.T.U, 1985.
[7] David Gibbs: An Introduction to CNC Machining, Second Edition,
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[8] Thomas E. Ogata R: Types of pump, Engman-Taylor Company.1997,
http://www.allpumps.edu.org
[9] Genjamin R. Mohan: Hydraulic & Pneumatic Symbols, 1999,
http://www.Hyd_Pnue_symbols.html.org
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