Links I have referred to: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/emergencypreparedness/gettingstarted.

html#response

http://www.behavior.org http://www.medinacountysafetycouncil.com/images/company_assets/512f1c7f-0d64-4a5e9d91-78 http://www.qualitysafetyedge.com/articles/improveSafetyProgram/introBehavioralApproach.c fm5dc064755f/File/OSHA%20Compliance%20and%20Beyond%20%20%20Behavior%20Based% 20Safety.pdf

Behavior Change: Key for Emergency Preparedness

(Typically management oriented, and as pointed out we can add much to it because it is generic but the examples we will add will give us the O&G edge)

What it is basic introduction (imp) How it works science behind it Features of a behavioural approach scientific method etc Benefits *obv* Safety philosophy principles the main assumptions of workplace safety (orient towards a rig for our field if you can) Implementation flowchart and method (imp) Examples from our field showing 2 things, cause and a behaviour change which would prevent a similar disaster from happening (imp)

Basic intro It is widely accepted that within the broader scope of human factors, specifically human behaviour at all levels within an organisation influences the effectiveness with which risks are controlled. Behavioural safety approaches aim to promote behaviours which are critical to health and safety. This essay outlines why a behavioural safety approach might be adopted. While behavioral safety shares a concern with human behavior and safe performance in the workplace with other approaches, it is more than that. behavioral safety is the application of behavioral research on human performance to the problems of safety in the workplace. This means that any safety program labeling itself as a behavioral safety program must meet the standards of behavior analytic research as practices are applied to the workplace. Behavior-based safety is a promising technology for industry. It is an excellent tool for collecting data on the quality of a companys safety management system. It is a scientific way to understand why people behave the way they do when it comes to safety. If it is properly applied, it is also an effective next step towards creating a truly pro-active safety culture where loss prevention is a core value. However, behavior-based safety is conceptually easy to understand but often hard to implement and sustain. How it works Behavior analysis is the science of behavior change. Applied behavior analysis is the application of the science of behavior change to real world problems. As we do this, we are looking for functional or systematic relationships between Environmental changes, i.e., the stimuli or cues that lead to behavior

The behavior itself, such as specific areas of work performance And the consequences of behavior, i.e., the positive or negative responses that occur immediately after a person performs a particular work task. These relationships have been exhaustively studied in the laboratories. Applied behavior analysis applies the lessons learned in laboratory research to the challenges of human behavior in everyday life. In this case, to build safe practices in the workplace, sound behavioral safety programs include the following basic steps: 1. Behaviorally specify the desirable performance. For example, if we want to improve safe practices in a certain workplace, we first specify as behaviorally as possible, those practices. For example, correct forklift operation or lifting behavior. Or, we may specify the outcomes that are achieved if safe practices are performed. For example, a shop floor that is free of hazards such as wires or oil slicks that could trip an employee and cause a fall. The process of specifying these criteria for good performance results in a measuring instrument that can be used to periodically sample safety performance in the workplace and measure human performance. 2. Measure safety performance. Using the criteria for safe workplace performance, we periodically sample and measure safety performance against those criteria. These measurements are recorded and become part of a data base; a cumulative log of performance for each workplace. 3. Shape safe performance through feedback and other consequences. Behavioral research on learning teaches us powerful lessons about how to teach and build performance improvement. First among these lessons is the power of consequences. Consequences shape performance. One very powerful consequence is feedback on workplace performance. Properly designed and used, performance feedback will produce learning and positive performance changes - often very dramatically. As a practical matter, once measurement takes place, a sound behavioral safety program will provide timely, usually immediate, feedback on workplace safety behavior to the employees whose workplace is being observed. It will not be delayed for lengthy periods of time. In addition, feedback will focus on positive gains in performance, not negative performance decrements. It will be predictable and certain. And, it will be delivered in ways that are meaningful to the people who are receiving it. The posting of graphs of the performance of work teams or departments in building safe performance over time is another form of feedback that sets the occasion for coaching and feedback on workplace safety performance. As teams and departments improve in their achieving high levels of safe practices in the workplace, celebrations are often held, further acknowledging and reinforcing safe performance. Features of a behavioural approach 1. Systematic Specify the behaviors and results to be improved Determine an objective way to measure those behaviors and results Use principles of behavior to develop methods to change current performance Implement these methods and evaluate their effectiveness 2. Data oriented

 Use valid and reliable data to evaluate the effectiveness of change strategies Measure performance objectively and accurately 3. Scientific problem solving Define behavior precisely operationally define or pinpoint Experiment conduct a functional analysis and rule out other variables Consistently replicate findings under different circumstances Benefits from it o Prevention of future disasters o Reduce injuries and modify employee behavior by reinforcing safe work practices and eliminating at-risk behavior o Reduce costs related to injuries and incidents o Develop communications skills o Raise overall safety awareness o Increase observation skills o Develop leadership skills o Communicate managements commitment to safety Safety philosophy principles o All injuries and occupational illnesses can be prevented o Safety is everyones responsibility o Management is directly accountable for preventing injuries and occupational illnesses o Safety is a condition of employment o Training is an essential element for workplace safety o Safety audits must be conducted frequently o Safe work practices must be reinforced and all unsafe acts and conditions must be corrected promptly o It is essential to investigate all near missed, incidents and injuries o Preventing injuries and occupational illnesses is good business o People are the most critical element in the success of a safety health program Implementation of BBS 1. Design the behavioral-based safety process Pinpoint safe practices Draft and revise the observation checklist(s) Develop the coaching procedure(s) Trial run the checklist(s) and procedure(s) Conduct a management team review 2. Train coaches and teams Observation skills Response skills Job-related skills 3. Kick off the process Schedule repeated meetings

4. Extend the feedback and involvement process Bulletin boards, involve more people and workers 5. Enhance recognition and celebration/incentives Symbolic awards etc

Implementation
Assess cultural maturity or readiness

Observation and Feedback Process

Modify environment, equipment or systems Gain management & workforce support & ownership

Behavioural safety training

Monitor performance

Review & goal setting

Specify critical behaviours

Review critical behaviours

Provide feedback

Establish baseline

Conduct observations

OVERVIEW OF A TYPICAL BEHAVIOURAL SAFETY PROGRAMME (USE SAME FOR OUR FIELD)

Examples Will give this by tomorrow.

GO THROUGH IT, MAKE CHANGES AS YOU WISH, ANY DOUBTS PLEASE ASK PLEASE MAKE IT POINT WISE WHERE NEEDED TO IMPROVE READABILITY IN POSTER