GRAMMAR STUDY: Purpose Clauses Look carefully at the following examples: When the subject of the main clause

is the same subject of the purpose clause: Affirmative Sentences Scientists are carrying out research to discover the causes of this uncommon illness. Some people eat vegetarian food in order to be thinner. Some people eat vegetarian food so as to be thinner Some people eat vegetarian food with the intention of being thinner. Negative Sentences You should put on a coat in order not to get a cold. You should put on a coat so as not to get a cold.

When the subject of the main clause is different from the subject of the purpose clause: Theyll do further research so that other illnesses can be cured. They did further research so that other illnesses could be cured. Theyll do further research in order that other illnesses can be cured.

In order to // so as to // to ---------+ bare infinitive So that // in order that --------------+ modal verb With a view to // with the aim/intention of //for the purpose of ------------+ verb + ing

EXERCISES: Join the sentences by using the words given. 1- Try not to overheat your home. You can save energy.

2- He switched off lights when he left the room. He wanted to save energy.

3- We separate our bottles, cans and other recyclable items. We want to recycle them.

4- Choose environmentally friendly cleaning products. You can reduce pollution.

5- She used both sides of the sheet of paper. She wanted to save paper.

6- Let clothes dry naturally rather than use a tumble drier. You reduce your energy bill.

7- Turn down your thermostat. You save up to 10 per cent on your heating bill.

8- Fix dripping taps. You dont waste up to 13 liters of water a day.

EXERCISES: Join the sentences by using the words given. 1- Try not to overheat your home. You can save energy. Try not to overheat your home so that you can save energy. 2- He switched off lights when he left the room. He wanted to save energy. He switched off lights when he left the room in order to save energy. 3- We separate our bottles, cans and other recyclable items. We want to recycle them. We separate our bottles, cans and other recyclable items to recycle them / so that we can recycle them. 4- Choose environmentally friendly cleaning products. You can reduce pollution. Choose environmentally friendly cleaning products so that you can reduce pollution. 5- She used both sides of the sheet of paper. She wanted to save paper. She used both sides of the sheet of paper to save paper. 6- Let clothes dry naturally rather than use a tumble drier. You reduce your energy bill. Let clothes dry naturally rather than use a tumble drier in order to reduce your energy bill. 7- Turn down your thermostat. You save up to 10 per cent on your heating bill. Turn down your thermostat so as to / to save up to 10 per cent on your heating bill. 8- Fix dripping taps. You dont waste up to 13 liters of water a day. Fix dripping taps so as not to waste up to 13 liters of water a day.

Reason Clauses: Look carefully at the examples: Since we have relatively few energy resources, rising oil costs will mostly hurt the country. Some companies earn millions every year because they bet on advertising their products. Some people eat vegetarian food because of their desire to be thinner. Some people eat vegetarian food as they want to be thinner. Some people eat dont eat red meat therefore they are healthier. Some people get overweight on account of eating too much fat.

Because // as // since // therefore -----------+ subject + verb Because of // on account of -------------+ noun Or + verb + ing