Code No: RR312003 Set No.

1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Explain the effect of area change in subsonic and supersonic flow at inlet and
outlet of a duct?
(b) Explain the pressure distribution and flow through a convergent-divergent
nozzle with a neat sketch? [6+10]

2. An axial flow compressor comprises of a number of similar stages in which the work
done is the same in each stage and axial velocity is constant throughout. Calculate
from the following data the number of stages required:
overall stagnation pressure ratio - 3.0
stagnation inlet temperature - 550 C
relative air angle, rotor inlet - 350
relative air angle, rotor outlet - 100
blade velocity - 195 m/s
degree of reaction - 0.5
overall stagnation isentropic efficiency - 0.88
The above data refer to mean blade height. [16]

3. (a) With a neat sketch explain the working principle of a centrifugal compressor.
(b) What are the design requirements of a centrifugal compressor, explain in brief.
[8+8]

4. (a) What are the various losses in practical gas turbine cycles?
(b) What are the basic requirements of a combustion chamber? Explain each in
brief. [8+8]

5. The velocity of steam at inlet to a simple impulse turbine is 1000m/s, and the
nozzle angle is 180 . The blade speed is 400m/s and the blades are symmetrical.
Determine the blade angles if the steam is to enter the blades without shock. If
the friction effects on the blade are negligible, calculate the tangential force on the
blades and the diagram power for a mass flow of 0.75kg/s. What is the axial thrust
and the diagram efficiency? [16]

6. A reaction turbine runs at 300RPM and its steam consumption is 1500kg/h. The
discharge blade tip angles are 180 for both fixed and moving blades. The axial
velocity of flow is 0.8times the blade velocity. Determine the drum diameter and
blade height of the turbine where pressure is 1.9bar, dryness fraction is 0.95, and
the power developed is 3.5kW. [16]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 1
7. (a) Explain the working principle of Turbojet with a neat sketch and also draw
the thermodynamic cycle?
(b) Explain the working of Pulsejet with a neat sketch? List out the applications
of Pulsejet? [8+8]

8. Write the short notes:-

(a) Losses in flow passages

(b) Impulse turbine
(c) Impeller
(d) Bleeding of steam [4+4+4+4]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 2
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is a turbo machine? Describe briefly the applications of turbo machines?
(b) Classify the turbo machines and explain the working principle of each in detail.
[8+8]

2. In an eight stage axial flow compressor, the overall compression ratio is 10:1 with
an overall isentropic efficiency of 90%. The temperature and pressure at inlet is
200 C and 1bar. The work is divided equally between the stages. A 50% reaction
design is used with a mean velocity of 100 m/s through the compressor. Estimate
the power required and blade angles. [16]

3. A single stage, single sided centrifugal compressor delivers 18 kg/s of air with a
pressure ratio 4 when running at 45000RPM. The conditions at inlet to compressor
are 1bar and 160 C, the lip factor is 0.9, the power input factor is 10.4 and the
isentropic efficiency of compression process is 75%. Find

(a) the final temperature of air

(b) power required
(c) the tip diameter of the impeller
(d) the blade angles at impeller eye, which has root and tip diameter 15cm and
35cm respectively. [16]

4. (a) Explain the working of a closed cycle gas turbine unit with flow diagram and
T-S diagram.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of a closed cycle gas turbine over
open cycle gas turbine. [8+8]

5. The velocity of steam leaving the nozzles of an impulse turbine is 900m/s and the
nozzle angle is 200 . The blade velocity is 300m/s and the blade velocity co-efficient
is 0.7. Calculate for a mass flow of 1kg/s, and symmetrical blading

(a) the blade inlet angle,

(b) the driving force on the wheel,
(c) the axial thrust,
(d) the diagram power, and
(e) the diagram efficiency. [16]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 2
6. A reaction turbine runs at 300RPM and its steam consumption is 1500kg/h. The
discharge blade tip angles are 180 for both fixed and moving blades. The axial
velocity of flow is 0.8times the blade velocity. Determine the drum diameter and
blade height of the turbine where pressure is 1.9bar, dryness fraction is 0.95, and
the power developed is 3.5kW. [16]

7. (a) What are Athodyds? Explain working of Ramjet with a neat sketch?
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of turbojet compared to a pro-
peller? [8+8]

8. Write the short notes-

(a) Mach number, Mach angle

(b) Reaction turbine
(c) Flame stabilization
(d) By-pass governing [4+4+4+4]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 3
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Derive the continuity equation for one-dimensional compressible flow in differen-

tial form? What are the assumptions made while deriving the above equation?
Establish the momentum equation for the compressible fluid flow? [16]

2. (a) Discuss in brief the Howell’s method of Blade design?

(b) Derive the expression for work input to the compressor. What is meant by
work done factor? [8+8]

3. The following data pertaining to a centrifugal compressor:

overall diameter of the impeller - 60cm
speed - 14000RPM
slip factor - 0.9
power input factor - 1.04
eye tip diameter - 35cm
eye root diameter - 20cm
total mass flow - 20kg/s
inlet total head temperature and pressure - 250 C and 1.01bar
total head isentropic efficiency - 82%
Determine the total head pressure ratio and power required to drive the compressor,
if the velocity of air at inlet is axial. [16]

4. (a) What are the basic requirements of a working medium other than air is used
in a gas turbine plant?
(b) A simple gas turbine draws air from atmosphere at 1.01bar and 180 C. The
maximum temperature in the cycle is 8500 C. What is the maximum power that
can be developed in the turbine if the mass flow rate is 12 kg/s. Determine also
the pressure ratio at which cycle efficiency equals Carnot efficiency. [6+10]

5. (a) Discuss the flow of steam through a convergent nozzle and explain the effect
of friction on steam rate.
(b) Steam is supplied to a nozzle at 15bar and 120 C superheat. It is expanded to
1.8bar in a convergent-divergent nozzle. The mass of steam passing through
the nozzle is 950kg/h. Assuming the flow is to be frictionless adiabatic, deter-
mine the condition of the steam and the diameter of the nozzle at the throat
and at the exit. [6+10]

6. A 50% Parson’s reaction turbine has a mean drum diameter of 200cm. The speed
is 600RPM and the steam consumption is 5kg/s. The other pertinent data is; blade

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 3
to speed ratio : 0.45 ,velocity loss factor : 0.85, nozzle efficiency both for stator
and rotor blades : 0.9, exit angle of stator and rotor blades : 200 . Neglecting carry
over and windage loss, estimate:

(a) power developed per stage,

(b) blade efficiency, and
(c) stage efficiency. [16]

7. (a) Explain the working principle of Turbojet with a neat sketch and also draw
the thermodynamic cycle?
(b) Explain the working of Pulsejet with a neat sketch? List out the applications
of Pulsejet? [8+8]

8. Write the short notes:-

(a) Blade terminology

(b) Compressible flow
(c) Characteristic curves of Centrifugal Compressor
(d) Classification of Gas Turbines [4+4+4+4]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 4
III B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
TURBO MACHINERY
(Production Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Describe, with the help of simple sketches the working principle of impulse and
reaction turbines? [16]

2. (a) Write a note on cascade testing of blades?

(b) An axial flow compressor pressurizes the air form atmosphere to 4bar and
the temperature rise of 1400 C. The power required to drive the compressor
is 2300kW. Determine the compressor efficiency and the mass flow of air de-
livered, if the mechanical efficiency to be 95% and pressure and temperature
1bar and 270 C respectively. Take Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and γ = 1.4. [6+10]

3. (a) With a neat sketch explain the working principle of a centrifugal compressor.
(b) What are the design requirements of a centrifugal compressor, explain in brief.
[8+8]

4. (a) What are the different combustion chamber arrangements?

(b) Derive the expression for specific work out put, efficiency and work ratio for
a simple cycle with a heat exchanger? [6+10]

5. (a) Define critical pressure ratio? From fundamentals, derive the expression re-
lating the critical pressure ratio to the index of expansion ‘n’ for expansion in
nozzles.
(b) The inlet and exit conditions of steam supplied to a nozzle has enthalpy 3210
kJ/kg and 2930kJ/kg. Taking velocity at inlet as 60m/s. Find
i. the exit velocity of steam,
ii. mass flow rate for an inlet area of 0.1 m2 and specific volume of 0.19
m3 /kg inlet. Neglect the effect of friction. [6+10]

6. In a reaction stage of a steam turbine the nozzle angle is 200 and absolute velocity
of stem at inlet to the moving blades is 240m/s and the blade velocity is 210m/s.
If the blading is designed for 50% reaction, determine

(a) the blade angle at inlet and exit,

(b) the enthalpy drop per unit mass of steam in the moving blades and in the
complete stage,
(c) the power produced for a steam flow of 1kg/s,
(d) the diagram efficiency. [16]

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Code No: RR312003 Set No. 4
7. (a) Distinguish between turbojet and Turboprop engines.
(b) Derive expressions fro turbojet engine thrust, thrust power, propulsive effi-
ciency, thermal efficiency and overall efficiency? [6+10]

8. Write the short notes:-

(a) Losses in flow passages

(b) Impulse turbine
(c) Impeller
(d) Bleeding of steam [4+4+4+4]

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