Exercise 3 Given structure: concrete diaphragm wall with cantilevers made of steel trusses.

Wall thickness: 20 cm Truss cross section area: 5 cm2 Material properties: - Concrete: - Steel: E = 290000 daN/cm2 = 0.20 E = 2100000 daN/cm2 = 0.30 P = 1000 daN

Force value:

Requirements: Deformed shape List of nodal displacements Stress distribution over the diaphragm wall List of reaction forces Axial stress diagrams along the trusses

Building the model Element types: - 2D linear solids (PLANE42) - 2D linear spar (LINK1)

Both finite elements are linear (2DOF/node displacements), thus they are compatible in the mesh. The solid finite elements are working in plane stress conditions, with prescribed (non unitary) thickness (set KOPT3 to value 3). Compulsory nodal positions (KEYPOINTS): - Those point defining the geometry - Those point where boundary conditions/loads are applied.

Mesh refinement: - The chosen mesh should meet at least the compulsory nodal positions. A mapped mesh is recommended when the geometry allows. As it was shown before, a finer mesh leads to better results. - The truss components should not be meshed. Do not place intermediate nodes between the truss connection points! The pin-jointed connections should form triangular panels, on order to provide mechanical stability (to avoid mechanism behavior).

Node end element numbering: It is worth to benefit on the node and element generation commands (which are based on constant nodal increment numbers). The advice is to assign node numbers starting with that region of the model where generation opportunities are available (the diaphragm wall). For the truss components, the generation options cannot be applied. Thus, the corresponding nodes will be defined one by one with the N command and the truss elements by connecting pairs of nodes using the E command.

Remark: in order to have only positive nodal coordinates, keep the model in the first quadrant. Boundary conditions: The diaphragm wall has a fixed support along its bottom line. Hence, all degrees of freedom (DOF) should be suppressed for the nodes placed along this line.

Batch file:

/PREP7 ! ET,1, 42,,,3 ET,2,1 ! R,1,20 R,2,5 ! MP,EX,1,290000 MP,NUXY,1,0.20 MP,EX,2,2100000 MP,NUXY,1,0.30 ! N,1,300,0 N,5,600,0 FILL,1,5 NGEN,7,5,1,5,1,0,100 N,36,0,300 N,37,100,300 N,38,200,300 N,39,100,200 N,40,200,200 N,41,700,600 N,42,800,600 N,43,900,600 N,44,700,500 N,45,800,500 ! TYPE,1 MAT,1 REAL,1 ! E,1,2,7,6 EGEN,4,1,1 EGEN,6,5,1,4,1 !

TYPE,2 MAT,2 REAL,2 ! E,36,37 E,37,38 E,38,16 E,39,40 E,40,11 E,39,37 E,40,38 E,36,39 E,37,40 E,38,11 ! E,35,41 E,41,42 E,42,43 E,30,44 E,44,45 E,44,41 E,45,42 E,30,41 E,44,42 E,45,43 ! NSEL,Y,0 D,ALL,ALL,0 NALL ! F,36,FY,-1000 F,43,FY,-1000 F,31,FX,1000 F,20,FX,1000 ! SAVE FINISH !