ABSTRACT A better a new demosaicking method for noisy CFA image data is presented, which is based on wavelet sub-band

decomposition and synthesis. The combination of LMMSE and statistical calculation of the recombined sub-images on wavelet domain are used to remove the signal-dependent noise .Having been denoised ,the high frequency sub-bands of the interpolated sub image are replaced by the counter parts of the corresponding sub-image. After that the denoised CFA data that may be compared to the previous results done in the denoising before demosaicing scheme and then the reconstruction of two full color images, obtained by interpolation along horizontal and vertical direction respectively. This leads to two estimation candidates for each pixel and the decision for the best one is made a posterior.This decision is performed exploiting the local homogeneity of the image For each pixel the direction of interpolation that gives the most homogeneous neighborhood around the estimated pixel is chosen the decision is performed observing which directional reconstruction preserves the highest correlation of the color gradients, as usually found in natural images.The previous results are checked here and select the best quality.

iv

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xU Noise glj]jpy] xU ey]y xU g[jpa demosaicking Kiw

gad]gLj]jgLfpwJ.,J bjhFg]g[ kw]Wk; wavelet Kiwapy] gad;gLj]jgLfpwJ. LMMSE kw]Wk] rpw]wiy fz;Lgpoj]jy] \ykhf wavelet-,y] tUk; Noise- I mg]g[wg]gLj]jyhk]. ,e]j glj]ij mjpf mjpu]btz] sub band bjhlu;g[ila vjpu;ghf';fSf]F gjpyhf denoised epiyapy; itf]fntz;Lk]. gpd;d;u]

fpilkl]l kw]Wk] br';Fj]J jpirapy] nru]j]J ,ilbrhUfy] \yk; ,uz]L KG tz]z gl']fs] ,izf;fg;gLfpwJ. gpd]du] demosaicking bra;a[k; Kd denoise; bra]a gLfpwJ. Ke]ija Kot[ xg]gpLk]nghJ noise Fiwthf ,Uf]fyhk] vd]W gupnrhjid Kot[fs; fhl]LfpwJ.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. ABSTRACT (English) ABSTRACT (Tamil) LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1.OVERVIEW 1.2 BAYER FILTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 COLORPLANE INTERPOLATION USING ALTERNATING PROJECTIONS 2.2 PRIMARY-CONSISTENT SOFT-DECISION COLOR DEMOSAICING FOR DIGITAL CAMERAS 2.3 DATA ADAPTIVE FILTERS FOR DEMOSAICING:A FRAMEWORK 2.4 DEMOSAICING OF COLOR FILTER ARRAY CAPTURED IMAGES USING GRADIENT EDGE EDGE DETECTION MASKS AND ADAPTIVE HETEROGENITY PROJECTION TITLE PAGE NO

iv v ix x xi 1 1 15 17 17 18 19 21

vi

2.5 DEMOSAICING WITH DIRECTIONAL FILTERING AND A POSTERIORI DECISION 2.6 EFFECTIVE DEMOSAICING USING SUBBAND . . .CORRELATION

22

23 25 26 27 28

2.7 DEMOSAICING BY SUCCESSIVE .APPROXIMATION 2.8 ADAPTIVE HOMOGENEITY-DIRECTED DEMOSAICING ALGORITHM 2.9 COLOR DEMOSAICING USING VARIANCE OF COLOR DIFFERENCES 2.10 A LOW-COMPLEXITY JOINT COLOR DEMOSAICKING AND ZOOMING ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL CAMERA

PROJECT OVERVIEW 3.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM 3.3 SYSTEM DESIGN 3.4 MODULES SPECIFICATION 3.4.1 GREEN CHANNEL INTERPOLATION 3.4.2 RED AND BLUE CHANNEL INTERPOLATION 3.4.3 GREEN CHANNEL UPDATION

30 30 31 32 34 34 36 37

vii

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 4.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 4.2 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

39 39 39 43 43 47 48 48 49 50 53

RESULTS 5.1 SCREEN SHOTS 5.2 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS 6.1 CONCLUSION 6.2 FUTURE WORKS APPENDIX

REFERENCES

viii

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 3.3.1 3.3.2

FIGURE NAME

PAGE NO

Bayer arrangement of color filters Nearest neighbor interpolation Bilinear interpolation Cubic interpolation Bayer mosaic of color image Pattern Recognition Interpolation Neighborhood of B pixel Dufaycolor and Finlay arrangements Enlarged octagons Components of the incoming light Types of patterns Color Equality Splitting of components Alternating stripes System architecture The combination between current pixel and adjacent green pixel

3 4 5 5 6 6 7 9 9 10 10 11 12 13 32 38

5.1(a) 5.1(b) 5.1(c) 5.1(d)

Input kodak image Adding Noise To Input Kodak Image Noisy mosaic image Output Image

43 44 45 46

ix

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO

TABLE NAME

PAGE NO

5.2.1

Comparison chart for PSNR values for each test image

47

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CFA CCD CMOS PSNR CPSNR LMMSE DWT

Color Filter Array Charge Coupled Devices Complementary Metal Oxide Image Sensors Peak Signal to Noise Ratio Color peak-signal to noise ratio Least Minimum Mean Square Error Discrete Wavelet Transform

xi

xii