PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Pembuatan pabrik formaldehid dengan bahan baku methanol dan udara direncanakan dengan kapasitas 70.000 ton/tahun.
Skema perhitungan neraca massa digambarkan dalam blok diagram.
Basis waktu operasi = 1 jam operasi
Hari kerja dalam setahun = 330 hari
Jam kerja dalam sehari = 24 jam
Kapasitas produksi formaldehid = 70.000 ton/tahun
Flow massa =
jam
hari
x
hari
tahun
x
ton
kg
x
tahun
ton
24
1
330
1
1000 70000
= 8838,38 kg/jam
a. Spesifikasi Bahan Baku Udara :
Komponen BM % volume
O
2
H
2
O
N
2

32
18
28
20,94
1,06
78,00
(Kirk-Othmer Vol 17)
Humidity udara rata-rata di Indonesia = 80%
Dari grafik, Absolute Humidity

b. Spesifikasi Bahan Baku Methanol :
Komponen BM % berat
CH
3
OH
H
2
O
32
18
99,9
0,1
(http://kaltimmethanol.com/home.html)
c. Spesifikasi Produk Keluar Absorber :
Komponen BM % berat
CH
2
O
CH
3
OH
H
2
O
30
32
18
37
0,5
62,5
(http://www.topsoe.com/site.nsf/all/BBNN-5PQHCZ?OpenDocument)
d. Efisiensi Absorber
CH
2
O terserap absorber = 99 %
(Mc. Ketta, 1984; vol. 23 : 364)
e. Perbandingan mol CH
3
OH dengan O
2
masuk reaktor
mol CH
3
OH : mol O
2
= 0,56
(Mc. Ketta, 1984; vol. 23 : 364)
f. Konversi dan Yield :
Konversi CH
3
OH = 98,5 %
Yield overall = 91 %
(Ullmann, 2005; Formaldehyde : 11)
Selektivitas = 91,76% (91,76% membentuk CH
2
O dan 8,24% membentuk CO)
g. Recycle :
Recycle gas dari absorber = 80 % vol
(Mc. Ketta, 1984; vol. 23 : 364)
h. Komposisi CH
3
OH total masuk reaktor
CH
3
OH total masuk reaktor = 6 % berat dari feed masuk reaktor
(Mc. Ketta, 1984; vol. 23 : 364)







Blok Diagram Neraca Massa
Keterangan Arus :
Arus Komponen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
O
2,
N
2
, H
2
O
CH
3
OH, H
2
O
CH
3
OH, H
2
O, O
2
, N
2,
CH
2
O, CO
CH
3
OH, H
2
O, O
2
, N
2
, CH
2
O, CO
H
2
O
CH
3
OH, H
2
O, CH
2
O
CH
3
OH, H
2
O, O
2
, N
2
, CH
2
O, CO
CH
3
OH, H
2
O, O
2
, N
2
, CH
2
O, CO
CH
3
OH, H
2
O, O
2
, N
2
, CH
2
O, CO
Reaksi yang terjadi di reaktor :
1.
2 3
2
1
O OH CH + O H O CH
2 2
+
2.
2 2
2
1
O O CH + O H CO
2
+


Produk (arus 6) :
Kapasitas produksi = 8838,38 kg/jam

( ) 6
2
O mCH = jam kg x / 2 , 3270 38 , 8838
100
37
=
( )
jam kmol O nCH / 01 , 109
6
2
=

( ) 6
3
OH mCH = jam kg x / 19 , 44 38 , 8838
100
5 , 0
=
( )
jam kmol OH nCH / 38 , 1
6
3
=

( ) 6
2
O mH = jam kg x / 991 , 5523 38 , 8838
100
5 , 62
=
( )
jam kmol O nH / 89 , 306
6
2
=
jam kg m / 38 , 8838
6
= jam kmol n / 28 , 417
6
=
Yield overall = 91 %

( )
( )
91 , 0
2
3
6
2
=
OH nCH
O nCH

( )
jam kmol
jam kmol
OH nCH / 79 , 119
91 , 0
/ 01 , 109
2
3
= =

( )
jam kg OH mCH / 20 , 3833
2
3
=
(1)
(2)
(3) (4) (5)
(6)
(7)
(8) (9)
MIXER REAKTOR ABSORBER
SPLITTER
Kemurnian
( ) 2
3
OH CH = 99,9 % berat

( )
jam kg OH mCH / 20 , 3833
2
3
= jam kg x m
OH CH
/ 20 , 3833 .
3
2
=
jam kg
jam kg
m / 04 , 3837
999 , 0
/ 20 , 3833
2
= =

( ) ( )
jam kg jam kg OH mCH m O mH / 84 , 3 / ) 20 , 3833 04 , 3837 (
2
3 2
2
2
= = =

( )
jam kmol O nH / 21 , 0
2
2
=
Efisiensi absorber = 99 % O CH
2
keluar reaktor terserap

( ) ( ) 4
2
6
2
% 99 O mCH O mCH =
( )
jam kg
jam kg
O mCH / 23 , 3303
99 , 0
/ 2 , 3270
4
2
= =

( )
jam kmol O nCH / 11 , 110
4
2
=

( ) ( ) ( )
jam kg jam kg O mCH O mCH O mCH / 03 , 33 / ) 2 , 3270 23 , 3303 (
6
2
4
2
7
2
= = =

( )
jam kmol O nCH / 1 , 1
7
2
=
Recycle gas dari absorber = 80 % volume 80 % mol

( ) ( )
jam kmol jam kmol O nCH O nCH / 88 , 0 / 1 , 1 . 8 , 0 % 80
7
2
9
2
= = =

( )
jam kg O mCH / 43 , 26
9
2
=

( ) ( )
jam kg O mCH O mCH / 43 , 26
9
2
3
2
= =

( )
jam kmol O nCH / 88 , 0
3
2
=

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) jam kg jam kg O mCH O mCH O mCH / 61 , 6 / 43 , 26 03 , 33
9
2
7
2
8
2
= = =

( )
jam kmol O nCH / 22 , 0
8
2
=

Reaksi di reaktor :
( )
2 3
2
1
1 O OH CH + O H O CH
2 2
+
( )
2 2
2
1
2 O O CH + O H CO
2
+
Konversi OH CH
3
= 98,5 %

( ) 4
3
OH nCH = OH nCH
3
yang tidak terkonversi

( ) 4
3
OH nCH = ( )
( ) ( )
( )
3
3
2
3
. % 5 , 98 % 100 OH nCH OH nCH +

( ) 4
3
OH nCH =
( )
( )
3
3
/ 79 , 119 .
100
5 , 1
OH nCH jam kmol + (1)
( ) 7
3
OH mCH =
( ) ( ) 6
3
4
3
OH mCH OH mCH
=
( )
( ) jam kg OH nCH jam kmol
kmol
kg
/ 19 , 44 / 79 , 119
32
.
100
5 , 1
3
3
+ (2)
( ) 9
3
OH nCH =
( ) 7
3
% 80 OH nCH
=
( )
( )
(

+ jam kg OH nCH jam kmol

kmol
kg
kmol kg
/ 19 , 44 / 79 , 119
32
.
100
5 , 1
/ 32
1
.
100
80
3
3


( ) 9
3
OH nCH =
( )
( )
(

+ jam kmol OH nCH jam kmol / 38 , 1 / 79 , 119 .

100
5 , 1
.
100
80
3
3
(3)
( ) ( ) 9
3
3
3
OH mCH OH mCH =
( ) ( ) 9
3
3
3
OH nCH OH nCH = (4)
( ) ( ) 3 4

( ) 3
3
OH nCH =
( )
( )
(

+ jam kmol OH nCH jam kmol / 38 , 1 / 79 , 119 .

100
5 , 1
.
100
80
3
3


( ) 3
3
OH nCH = jam kmol / 34 , 0
( ) 3
3
OH mCH = jam kg / 77 , 10
( ) 1
( ) 4
3
OH nCH =
( )
( )
3
3
/ 79 , 119 .
100
5 , 1
OH nCH jam kmol +
= ( ) jam kmol jam kmol / 34 , 0 / 79 , 119 .
100
5 , 1
+ = jam kmol / 8 , 1

( ) 4
3
OH mCH = jam kg / 66 , 57

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) jam kg jam kg OH mCH OH mCH OH mCH / 47 , 13 / 19 , 44 66 , 57
6
3
4
3
7
3
= = =

( )
jam kmol OH nCH / 42 , 0
7
3
=

( ) ( ) ( )
jam kmol OH nCH OH nCH OH nCH / 34 , 0 % 80
3
3
7
3
9
3
= = =

( )
jam kg OH mCH / 77 , 10
9
3
=

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) jam kg jam kg OH mCH OH mCH OH mCH / 69 , 2 / 77 , 10 47 , 13
9
3
7
3
8
3
= = =

( )
jam kmol OH nCH / 08 , 0
8
3
=


Selektivitas = 91,76% (91,76% nCH
3
OH membentuk CH
2
O dan 8,24% nCH
3
OH membentuk CO)
nCH
3
OH yang bereaksi =
( ) ( )
( )
3
3
2
3
% 5 , 98 OH nCH OH nCH +
= ( ) jam kmol jam kmol / 32 , 118 / 34 , 0 79 , 119
100
5 , 98
= +
nCH
2
O pada reaksi 1 = ( )

nCO pada reaksi 2 = ( )

( ) ( )
jam kmol nCO nCO / 75 , 9
3 4
+ =

( ) ( ) ( )
jam kmol nO nO nO / 16 , 59 ) 75 , 9 (
2
1
) 57 , 108 (
2
1
3
2
3
2
4
2
= =

( ) ( )
jam kmol nCO nCO / 75 , 9
3 4
+ = (5)
( ) ( ) ( )
) / 75 , 9 ( / 28
3 4 7
jam kmol nCO kmol kg mCO mCO + = = (6)
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) | | jam kmol nCO kmol kg
kmol kg
nCO nCO / 75 , 9 / 28
/ 28
1
.
100
80
% 80
3 7 9
+ = =

( ) ( )
( ) jam kmol nCO nCO / 75 , 9 8 , 0
3 9
+ = (7)
( ) ( ) 3 9
mCO mCO =
( ) ( ) 3 9
nCO nCO = (8)
( ) ( ) 7 8

( ) ( )
( ) jam kmol nCO nCO / 75 , 9 8 , 0
3 3
+ =

( )
jam kmol nCO / 00 , 39
3
=

( )
jam kg mCO / 97 , 1091
3
=
( ) 5
( ) ( )
jam kmol jam kmol jam kmol nCO nCO / 75 , 48 / ) 75 , 9 00 , 39 ( / 75 , 9
3 4
= + = + =

( )
jam kg mCO / 97 , 1364
4
=

( ) ( )
jam kg mCO mCO / 97 , 1364
4 7
= =

( )
jam kmol nCO / 75 , 48
7
=

( ) ( ) ( )
jam kmol nCO nCO nCO / 00 , 39 % 80
3 7 9
= = =

( )
jam kg mCO / 97 , 1091
9
=

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) jam kg jam kg mCO mCO mCO / 99 , 272 / 97 , 1091 97 , 1364
9 7 8
= = =

( )
jam kmol nCO / 75 , 9
8
=

Perbandingan mol feed masuk reaktor = OH CH
3
:
2
O = 0,56

( ) ( )
( )
( )
56 , 0
3
2
3
3
2
3
=
+
nO
OH nCH OH nCH

( )
jam kmol
jam kmol
nO / 51 , 214
56 , 0
/ 13 , 120
3
2
= =

( )
jam kg mO / 25 , 6864
3
2
=

( ) ( )
( ) jam kmol jam kmol jam kmol nO nO / 35 , 155 / 16 , 59 51 , 214 / 16 , 59
3
2
4
2
= = =

( )
jam kg mO / 09 , 4971
4
2
=

( ) ( )
jam kg mO mO / 09 , 4971
4
2
7
2
= =

( )
jam kmol nO / 35 , 155
7
2
=

( ) ( )
jam kmol jam kmol nO nO / 28 , 124 / 35 , 155 .
100
80
% 80
7
2
9
2
= = =

( )
jam kg mO / 87 , 3976
9
2
=

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) jam kg jam kg mO mO mO / 22 , 994 / 87 , 3976 09 , 4971
9
2
7
2
8
2
= = =

( )
jam kmol nO / 07 , 31
8
2
=

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) jam kg jam kg mO mO mO / 38 , 2887 / 87 , 3976 25 , 6864
9
2
3
2
1
2
= = =

( )
jam kmol nO / 23 , 90
1
2
=

( )
jam kmol nO / 23 , 90
1
2
=
( )
jam kmol x n
O
/ 23 , 90 .
1
2
1
=
jam kmol
jam kmol
n / 90 , 430
100 / 94 , 20
/ 23 , 90
1
= =

( )
( )
jam kmol jam kmol n x nN
N
/ 10 , 336 / 90 , 430 .
100
00 , 78
.
1
1
2
1
2
= = =

( )
jam kg mN / 86 , 9410
1
2
=

BM udara kering = (0,78 x 28) + (0,2094 x 32) + (0,0106 x 18) = 28,7316
nH
2
O
(1)
=

( )
jam kg O mH / 48 , 28
1
2
=

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) jam kg jam kg
O mH mN mO m
/ 71 , 12326 / 48 , 28 86 , 9410 38 , 2887
1
2
1
2
1
2 1
= + + =
+ + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 9
2
9
2
1
2
3
2
/ 86 , 9410 mN jam kg mN mN mN + = + = (9)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 9
2
3
2
4
2
7
2
/ 86 , 9410 mN jam kg mN mN mN + = = = (10)
( ) ( ) 7
2
9
2
% 80 nN nN =
( ) ( ) 7
2
9
2
% 80 mN mN = (11)
( ) ( ) 11 10

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
9
2
9
2
9
2
102 , 336 .
100
80
/ 28
/ 86 , 9410
.
100
80
nN
kmol kg
mN jam kg
nN + =
+
=

( )
jam kmol nN / 41 , 1344
9
2
=

( )
jam kg mN / 45 , 37643
9
2
=
( ) 9
( ) ( )
( ) jam kg jam kg mN jam kg mN / 31 , 47054 / 45 , 37643 86 , 9410 / 86 , 9410
9
2
3
2
= + = + =

( )
jam kmol nN / 51 , 1680
3
2
=
( ) ( ) ( )
jam kg mN mN mN / 31 , 47054
3
2
4
2
7
2
= = =

( ) ( )
jam kmol nN nN / 51 , 1680
4
2
7
2
= =
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) jam kg jam kg mN mN mN / 86 , 9410 / 45 , 37643 31 , 47054
9
2
7
2
8
2
= = =

( )
jam kmol nN / 10 , 336
8
2
=

Komposisi methanol total masuk reaktor = 6 % berat total feed
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 2
3
3
2
3
.
100
6
m m OH mCH OH mCH + = +
( )
3
/ 04 , 3837 .
100
6
/ 98 , 3843 m jam kg jam kg + =
jam kg m / 26 , 60229
3
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
jam kg
jam kg
mCO O mCH mN mO OH mCH m O mH
/ 53 , 5181
/ 97 , 1091 43 , 26 31 , 47054 25 , 6864 77 , 10 26 , 60229
3 3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3 3
3
2
=
=
=


( )
jam kmol O nH / 86 , 287
3
2
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
jam kmol
nCO O nCH nN nO O nH OH nCH n
/ 10 , 2223
3 3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3 3
=
+ + + + + =

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
jam kmol
jam kmol
reaksi O nH reaksi O nH O nH O nH O nH
/ 40 , 406
/ 75 , 9 57 , 108 86 , 287 21 , 0
2 _ 1 _
2 2
3
2
2
2
4
2
=
+ + + =
+ + + =


( )
jam kg O mH / 17 , 7315
4
2
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
jam kg
mCO O mCH mN mO O mH OH mCH m
/ 43 , 64066
4 4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
3 4
=
+ + + + + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
jam kmol
nCO O nCH nN nO O nH OH nCH n
/ 91 , 2402
4 4
2
4
2
4
2
4
2
4
3 4
=
+ + + + + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
jam kg O mH O mH O mH O mH / 05 , 5153
9
2
3
2
1
2
9
2
= => = +

( )
jam kmol O nH / 28 , 286
9
2
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
jam kg
mCO O mCH mN mO O mH OH mCH m
/ 55 , 47902
9 9
2
9
2
9
2
9
2
9
3 9
=
+ + + + + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
jam kmol
nCO O nCH nN nO O nH OH nCH n
/ 18 , 1795
9 9
2
9
2
9
2
9
2
9
3 9
=
+ + + + + =

( ) ( ) 7
2
9
2
% 80 O nH O nH =

( )
jam kmol O nH / 85 , 357
100 / 80
28 , 286
7
2
= =

( )
jam kg O mH / 32 , 6441
7
2
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
jam kg
mCO O mCH mN mO O mH OH mCH m
/ 18 , 59878
7 7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
3 7
=
+ + + + + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
jam kmol
nCO O nCH nN nO O nH OH nCH n
/ 98 , 2243
7 7
2
7
2
7
2
7
2
7
3 7
=
+ + + + + =

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) jam kg jam kg O mH O mH O mH / 26 , 1288 / 05 , 5153 32 , 6441
9
2
7
2
8
2
= = =

( )
jam kmol O nH / 57 , 71
8
2
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
jam kg
mCO O mCH mN mO O mH OH mCH m
/ 64 , 11975
8 8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
3 8
=
+ + + + + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
jam kmol
nCO O nCH nN nO O nH OH nCH n
/ 80 , 448
8 8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
3 8
=
+ + + + + =

( ) jam kg jam kg m m m m / 14 , 4650 / 43 , 64066 18 , 59878 38 , 8838
4 7 6 5
= + = + =
jam kmol n / 34 , 258
5
=
Tabel 1. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Flow Mixer

Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)
Arus 1 Arus 9 Arus 3
CH
3
OH 10,77 10,77
H
2
O 28,48 5153,05 5181,53
O
2
2887,38 3976,87 6864,25
N
2
9410,86 37643,45 47054,31
CH
2
O 26,43 26,43
CO 1091,97 1091,97
Jumlah 12326,71 47902,55 60229,26
Total 60229,26 60229,26

Tabel 2. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Reaktor

Input (kg/jam)
Output
(kg/jam)
Arus 2 Arus 3 Arus 4
CH
3
OH 3833,20 10,77 57,66
H
2
O 3,84 5181,53 7315,17
O
2
6864,25 4971,09
N
2
47054,31 47054,31
CH
2
O 26,43 3303,23
CO 1091,97 1364,97
Jumlah 3837,04 60229,26 64066,43
Total 64066,30 64066,43

Tabel 3. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Absorber

Input (kg/jam) Input (kg/jam)
Arus 4 Arus 5 Arus 6 Arus 7
CH
3
OH 57,66 44,19192 13,47
H
2
O 7315,17 4650,14 5523,99 6441,32
O
2
4971,09 4971,09
N
2
47054,31 47054,31
CH
2
O 3303,23 3270,202 33,03
CO 1364,97 1364,97
Jumlah 64066,43 4650,14 8838,38 59878,18
Total 68716,57 68716,57

Tabel 4. Neraca Massa di Sekitar Splitter

Input
(kg/jam)
Output (kg/jam)
Arus 7 Arus 8 Arus 9
CH
3
OH 13,47 2,69 10,77
H
2
O 6441,32 1288,26 5153,05
O
2
4971,09 994,22 3976,87
N
2
47054,31 9410,86 37643,45
CH
2
O 33,03 6,61 26,43
CO 1364,97 272,99 1091,97
Jumlah 59878,18 11975,64 47902,55
Total 59878,18 59878,18

Tabel 5. Neraca Massa Overall

Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)
Arus 1 Arus 2 Arus 5 Arus 6 Arus 8
CH
3
OH 3833,20 44,19 2,69
H
2
O 28,48 3,84 4650,14 5523,99 1288,26
O
2
2887,38 994,22
N
2
9410,86 9410,86
CH
2
O 3270,20 6,61
CO 272,99
Jumlah 12326,71 3837,04 4650,14 8838,38 11975,64
Total 20813,89 20814,02