MATHEMATICS (2 UNIT)
MATHEMATICS EXTENSION 1 (3 UNIT)
The Mathematics (2 Unit) Course
This course is intended for students who have a general competence in all the skills included
in the School Certificate Mathematics Course. It is intended to give these students an
understanding of, and competence in, some further aspects of mathematics that are applicable
to the real world.
The course is a sufficient basis for further studies in mathematics as a minor discipline at
tertiary level in support of courses such as life sciences or commerce.
The Mathematics Extension 1 (3 Unit) Course
The course is intended for students who have demonstrated a mastery of the skills included in
the School Certificate Mathematics Course and who are interested in the study of further
skills and ideas in mathematics. It is intended to give these students a thorough
understanding of, and competence in, aspects of Mathematics, including many which are
applicable to the real world.
The course is a recommended minimum basis for further studies in mathematics as a major
discipline at a tertiary level and for the study of mathematics in support of the physical and
engineering sciences.
AIMS
1. To give an understanding of important mathematical ideas such as variable, function,
limit, etc., and to introduce students to mathematical techniques which are relevant to
the real world.
2. To understand the need to prove results, to appreciate the role of deductive reasoning
in establishing such proofs, and to develop the ability to construct these proofs.
3. To provide those mathematical skills required for:
a) concurrent studies in Science, Economics and Industrial Arts
b) further studies in mathematics, the physical sciences and the technological
sciences.
In achieving these aims:
Understanding of the basic ideas and precise use of language must be emphasised.
A clear distinction must be made between results which are proved and results which
are merely stated or made plausible.
Where proofs are given, they should be carefully developed, with emphasis on the
deductive processes used.
Attaining competence in mathematical skills and techniques required many examples
given as teaching illustrations and as exercises to be undertaken independently by the
student.
1
Realistic problems should follow the attainment of skills and techniques of problem
solving should be continually developed.
NOTES
1. E The Mathematics (2 Unit) course consists of all items in Topics 1 to 14 not
preceded by an E.
2. The Mathematics Extension 1 (3 Unit) Course consists of all items in Topics 1 to 18
and also requires 2 Unit Extension 1 students to study harder problems on 2 Unit
topics.
3. Students are not required to reproduce proofs of results contained in items
preceded by the symbol .
4. N Teachers should refer to the Notes on the syllabus Part B for specific
examples and treatments for items preceded by an N.
5. P Preliminary Course.
6. H Higher School Certificate Course.
TEXTBOOKS
MATHEMATICS
EXTENSION 1
MATHS IN FOCUS
2 Unit Extension 1 students generally will have mastered this topic. Teachers may
prefer to revise some of this topic incidentally in studying later topics.
CALCULATORS
It is assumed all students will possess a scientific calculator although it should not be
assumed all students have fully mastered its use.
In all topics students should be instructed on the correct and most efficient use of the
calculator for that topic.
Students are not permitted to use graphics calculators in the H.S.C. exams and should not rely
on their use during the teaching of the course.
REGISTER
P 1.1
=
Derive
3.
a +b
x y
as the
P 1.4
PE
REGISTER
P 2.1
<
<
Is similar to
|||
Therefore
Because
Definition of special plane figures.
P 2.2
1. Isosceles and equilateral triangles.
2. Quadrilaterals
Parallelogram
Rectangle as a special parallelogram
Square as a special rectangle
Rhombus as a special parallelogram.
3. Regular polygons.
P 2.3
P E2.8
rhombus.
Application of above properties to the solution of numerical
exercises requiring one or more steps of reasoning.
Application of above properties to the solution of theoretical
problems requiring one or more steps of reasoning.
Harder problems on 2.4 and 2.5.
Definitions of: circle, centre, radius, diameter, arc, sector,
segment, cord, tangent.
Concyclic points.
Cyclic quadrilaterals.
Angle subtended by an arc or chord at the centre and
the circumference.
Arc subtended by an angle.
Common tangent.
Simple angle properties of a circle.
P E2.9
Derivation of further angle, chord and tangent results using
properties obtained in 2.3 and 2.8.
P EN2.10
Applications of all the above properties to numerical and
theoretical problems requiring one or more steps of
reasoning.
TOPIC 3: PROBABILITY
OUTCOMES:
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H 3.1
H 3.2
H 3.3
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P 4.1
P 4.2
P 4.3
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P 4.4
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P 5.1
P 5.2
P 5.3
P 5.4
P 5.5
P EN5.6
1. Sine rule.
2. Cosine rule.
3. Area of a triangle = .a.b.sinC.
Harder applications of 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5.
P E5.7
P E5.8
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P EN5.9
11
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P 6.1
P 6.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
P 6.3
lines.
(a1x + b1y + c1) + k(a2x + b2y + c2) = 0
P 6.4
P 6.5
P E6.6
P 6.7
E
H N6.8
12
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H N7.1
Arithmetic series
1. Definition. Common difference (d).
2. Formula for the nth term (Tn, Un).
3. Formulae for the sum of n terms.
H N7.2
Geometric series.
1. Definition. Common ratio (r).
2. Formula for the nth term (Tn, Un).
3. Formulae for the sum of n terms.
H 7.3
H EN74
H 7.5
1. Mathematical induction.
2.
Applications.
Applications.
1. Arithmetic series: increments in salaries, increases in costs,
etc.
2. Geometric series: superannuation, compound interest,
simplified hire purchase and repayment problems.
3. Recurring decimals.
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P 8.1
P 8.2
P 8.3
P 8.4
P 8.5
P 8.6
P 8.7
14
-1
15
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2
P 9.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
P 9.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
P 9.3
P 9.4
1. Let u = x 2, etc.
2. Let u = x 2, 3x, etc.
E
P 9.5
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P E9.6
17
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H 10.1
H 10.2
H 10.3
H 10.4
H 10.5
E
H 10.6
H 10.7
H 10.8
18
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H N11.1
H N11.2
H 11.3
H 11.4
Applications of integration.
1. Areas bounded by
a) a curve and the x-axis.
b) a curve and the y-axis.
c) two curves.
Emphasise a sketch for each problem.
2. Volumes of solids of revolution.
a) about the x-axis.
b) about the y-axis.
c) standard results for the cone and sphere.
H E11.5
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H 12.1
H 12.2
H 12.3
H N12.4
1. The derivative of y = ax
2. The derivative of y = log ax
3. Natural logarithms:
dt
= 1n x + c
t
4. Exponential function, y = ex, as the inverse of y = 1n x.
H 12.5
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H 13.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
- x,
H 13.2
The functions sin x, cos x, tan x, cosec x, sec x, cot x and their
graphs.
H 13.3
H 13.4
H 13.5
H 13.6
E
H 13.7
sin 3x
2x
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H 14.1
1. Notations dx = x , d2x =
x , etc.
dt
dt2
2. Exercises when equation is given e.g.
if dv = 5t, find v when t = 5
dt
E
H 14.2
H 14.3
H 14.4 E
= -n2x
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-1
H 15.1
H 15.2
-1 x 1
and range - y
2
2
2. y = cos-1x
3. y = tan-1x
4. Solutions of:
H 15.3
H 15.4
H 15.5
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P 16.1
P 16.2
P 16.3
H 16.4
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REGISTER
H 17.1
H N17.2
H N17.3
1. General formula
( a + b ) n = n C k a k b n k
k =0
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P 18.1
Ck = nPk
k!
= n!
(n - k)!k!
4. Examples including LOTTO, TRIFECTAS, QUINELLAS,
etc.
5. Combinatorial proofs of
a) nCk = nC-n k
b) n+1Ck= nCk + nCk-1
H 18.2
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