Miss : Dang Nguyen Phuong Thao

Nouns and Articles

A. Countable nouns: Always use an article (a/an/the) before a singular countable noun. If there are no articles before a countable noun, the noun must be in the plural form. a person/people, an exam/examinations A countable noun in the plural form can be preceded by a quantifier/ demonstrative adjective. a file -two files -some files -lots of files an applicant -two applicants -few applicants -many applicants B. Uncountable nouns: a/an cannot use with uncountable nouns. Uncountable nouns do not have plural forms. a Vietnam (X) - Vietnam (O) , an air (X)-air (O) , oils (X) - oil (O) When expressing plural concepts, the uncountable nouns must be used with their quantity/container expressions (e.g. water-a glass. of water, equipment - a piece of equipment, cheese -a slice of cheese). two water (X) - two glasses of water two advices (X) - a piece of advice List of uncountable nouns that frequently appear in the TOEIC test baggage(= luggage) , equipment , knowledge , advice , merchandise ,information , evidence , experience , advertising , furniture , clothing , news , attendance .

Miss : Dang Nguyen Phuong Thao

Agreement between determiners and nouns

a / an / each / every / another + singular noun both / (a) few / many / various / several + plural noun (a) little / much / a great deal of + uncountable noun all / some / plenty of / lots of / a lot of + plural noun/ uncountable noun

Definite and indefinite articles

A. The indefinite article : a / an The indefinite article a/an precedes a singular countable noun when it is mentioned for the first time, meaning "one". Ms. Avery has requested to open an account at a bank in Japan. - Because account and bank are singular countable nouns, there must be an indefinite article before each of them. B. The definite article : The * The definite article the precedes a noun that has become definite as a result of being mentioned a second time. *The only thing of its kind : the sun / the moon/ the earth / the world *Before a noun that is made definite : The files that were on the desk are missing. * In fixed expressions of time and in the morning/ in the afternoon/ in the present / in the past

Miss : Dang Nguyen Phuong Thao

* In superlatives : the most efficient way I the tallest building *Before ordinal numbers : the first [ second, third] *The + adj = a class of persons the young = young people / the old = old people the poor = poor people / the rich = rich people