Name: Class:

Respiration
Investigation 9. 1 To find out whether carbon dioxide is given off
during respiration (Teachers demonstrationj
Procedure
1. Setuptheapparatusasshowninthediagram.
E
tosuctionpump
causticpotash lime-water snails lime-water
solution
Fig. 9.1
2. PlaceafewsmallanimalssuchassnailsintheconicalflaskC. Useasuctionpump
tosuckoutairthroughthedeliverytubeE. Thiscausesatmosphericairtobedrawn
intoflaskA. Theairflowsthroughtheapparatusasshownbythearrows.
3. Whatpurposedoesthecausticpotashsolutionserve?
4. Whatpurposedoesthelime-waterinflaskBserve?
5. Whathappenstothelime-waterinflaskDaftersometime?
Explainyourobservation.
Extension Questions
1. You need to set up a control. What would you put in flask C?
2. If a potted plant is used in this investigation, what precaution must you take?
3. Give a reason for your answer in question 2.
Name: Class:
Investigation 9.2 To find outwhethercarbon dioxideis given off
during respiration usinga hydrogencarbonate
indicator
.Apparatus and Material$
2rub'berbungs
boilingtubes
carbonate
1"I"lt1,Qlinbag ,
smaUinsect,
Thecolourchangesintheindicatorisshownbelow:
yellow ..... I----- red purple
(acidic) (neutral) (alkaline)
Procedure
1. SetupthetwoboilingtubesA andBasshownin Fig.9.2.
B
rubberbung------w,
___
m---- rubberbung
1----boilingtube--------i
I-f----- muslinbag
containinginsect
hydrogencarbonate___
indicator
Fig. 9.2
2. WhatisthepurposeofsettinguptubeB?
3. Whatchangesdoyouobserveinthetubesafterafewhours?
4. Give reasons for your observations.
Name: Class:
Investigation 9.3 To find out what gas is given off during
fermentation
Procedure
1. Heatsomediluteglucosesolutiontodriveoffanyoxygendissolvedinit. Coolthe
solution. .
2. Halffillatesttubewiththeglucosesolution.Addafewgrainsofyeast.Addalittle
oilasshowninFig. 9.3.
testtube
l-+--deliverytube
thinlayerofoil----lIliDll!""'IIIiIII
lime-water
boiled,cooledglucose
solutionand--r:
yeastsuspension
Fig. 9.3
3. Whatisthefunctionofthelayerofoil?
4. Whatdoyouobserveaftersometime?
5. Whatgasisgivenoffbytheyeast?
6. Name the process that has occurred in the yeast which produces the gas named in
(5) above.
Extension Question
You need to set up a controL What would you add to the test tube in your control?
},:)}.:),&n'atus andMaterials
Name: Class:
Investigation 9.4 To find out whether heat is released during
respiration
2thermosflask
2thermometers
2retortstands
cottonwool
peaseeds(Germinatingseedsarebestused .lorthisexperitl'lent"'''', ...........,'''.''''.'''
areina. stateofactive-growth:)
Procedure
1. Soaksomepeaseedsinwater.Thenaddalittle1%Miltonsolutionwhichwillkill
anymicroorganismspresentwithoutkillingtheseed.
2. Whengerminationbegins,placesomeoftheseedsintothevacuumflaskA as
showninFig. 9.4. Insertthethermometerinsuchawaythatitsbulbiscompletely
surroundedbywetgerminatingseedswithitsstemsupportedbycottonwool.
Control
-tt-- thermosflasks---It-
A B
tBtOOxt101+--- peaseedsin
~ ~ r r . . I I t plugs
Miltonsolution
soakedinMilton
solution
cottonwool
11\------thermometers-----1111
""I"."'-AA...... I deadpeaseeds
-----Hrl<
Fig. 9.4
3. Thecottonwoolhelpstoinsulatetheapparatusandsupporttheseeds.Whatother
purposedoesitserve?
4. SetupflaskBusingthesamenumberofseedsthathavebeenkilledbyboiling,
cooledandthensoakedindiluteMiltonsolution.Thisactsasacontrol.
5. Notedownthereadingsinthethermometersatthebeginningoftheexperiment
andafteroneortwodays.
Temperature Atbeginning Atendofexperiment
FlaskA
FlaskB
Whatconclusionscanyoudrawfromyourobservations?
6. Whataretheadvantagesofinvertingthethermosflasks?
ExtensionQuestion
Instep4, thedeadpeaseedsinflaskBweresoakedindiluteMiltonsolution.If yousetup
anotherflaskCsimilartoflaskB butwithoutsoakingthedeadseedsinMiltonsolution,
whatwouldyouexpecttoobserve?
Giveapossibleexplanationforyourexpectedobservation.
Name: Class:
Investigation 9.5 Question from Singapore-Cambridge GeE '0'Level
Science Practical Test, November 1988
.. ,
.
Procedure
(a) (i) Labelfourcleantesttubes(whichhavebeenpreviouslyrinsedwithhydrogen
carbonateindicator)A, B, CandD respectively.
(ii) Usingthesyringe,put10cm
3
ofhydrogencarbonateindicatorintoeachofthe
testtubes. Trytoavoidbreathingtoomuchneartheindicatorsolution.
(iii) Notethecolouroftheindicatorsolutionineachofthetesttubesandrecord
yourobservationsintheresultstablebelow.
(iv) Usingforceps,puthalfofthenumberofanimalsprovidedintotesttubeAand
theotherhalfintotesttubeC.
(v) Usingforceps,puthalfofthenumberofsmallpiecesofwaterweedintotest
tubeBandtheotherhalfintotesttubeC.
(vi) Putstoppersintoallthetesttubesandplacethetesttubesintherack
provided.
(vii) Recordinthetableofresultsbelowallthecontentsofeachtesttube.
(viii) Puttheracknearawindowornearalamp,asdirectedbyyourSupervisor.
(b) (i) Examinethethreestopperedcontainersofhydrogencarbonateindicator
provided.
Note:Recordherethecolourofthehydrogencarbonateindicatorsolution
providedwhenitis:
ACID_________________________________________
NEUTRAL________________________________
ALKALINE_______________________________
(ii) NowexaminethefourtesttubesA,B, CandD. Writeinyourresultstablethe
colouroftheindicatorsolutionineachtesttubeafter45minutes.
Testtube A B C D
Contentsof
testtube
I
Testtube A B C D
Colourofindicator
solutionatstart
Colourofindicator
solutionafter
45 min.
(iii) Writedownwhethertheindicatorsolutionineachofyourtesttubesinnow
acid,neutraloralkaline:
A
B
C
D
(iv) Whatprocesseshavetakenplaceineachtesttubewhichmighthaveaffected
thecolouroftheindicator?
A
B
C
D
(v) Explaincarefullythedifferencesincolouroftheindicatorsolutionineachtest
tube.
[C]
Name: Class:
Investigation 9.6 Respiratory system of Man
(Teachers demonstrationj
andMatetials
A
Procedure
1. Examinethemodelofthehumanrespiratorysystem.Tracethepathofairfromthe
atmosphereintothealveoli.
2. Makeadrawingoftherespiratorysysteminthespacebelow.
Labelthefollowingstructures:externalnostril,nasalpassages,pharynx,larynx,
trachea,cartilaginoussupport,bronchus,bronchiole,airsacs(alveoli),diaphragm,
lung,pleuralcavity/fluid, ribs,rib(intercostal)muscles.
Respiratory system of Man
Questions
1. Draw a dotted line on your drawing to indicate the position of the diaphragm
during inspiration.
2. How are the air sacs of the lungs adapted for absorption of oxygen?
Name: Class:
Investigation 9.7 To compare the amount of carbon dioxide in
inspired (inhaledj and expired (exhaledj air
2conicalflaSKS
glasstubings
rubberbungs
li,t:u.e...water
Procedure
Forthisexperiment,wemakeuseofthefactthatlime-waterabsorbscarbondioxideand
producesawhiteprecipitate.
tubeplaced
inmouth
c D
rubbertube
E F
delivery
lime-water
Fig. 9.5
1. Fittwoconicalflasks, containingaboutthesamevolumeoflime-water,withglass
tubingsasshowninthediagramabove.
2. PlacetheopenendoftheT-tubeinthemouthandbreatheairinandoutthroughthe
mouth.Asairisbreathedin,atmosphericair(i.e.inspiredair)is drawnintotubeC.
Itbubblesthroughthelime-waterinflaskA andupthroughtubeDintothemouth.
Anycarbondioxidepresentintheinspiredairwillbeabsorbedbythelime-water.
Whenairisbreathedout,theexpiredairpassesthroughthetubeEintothelime-
waterinflaskBandoutintotheatmospherethroughtubeF. Thelime-waterinflask
Bwillabsorbanycarbondioxidepresentintheexpiredair.
3. Afterafewminuteswhatdoyouobserveinthetwoflasks?
4. What can you conclude from this investigation?
Name: Class:
Investigation 9.8 To compare the amount of oxygen in inspired
(inhaled) and expired (exhaled) air
Procedure
exhaledair
collectedinjar expiredair
blownin
gasjar
./r--rubbertubing
trough
water
Fig. 9.6
1. Collect2gasjarsofexpiredairbytakinginadeepbreathandthenblowingout
througharubbertubingasshowninFig. 9.6.Theexpiredairwoulddisplaceallthe
waterfromthegasjar.
2. Fixasmallcandleonthecupofadeflagratingspoon.Lightthecandle.
3. Getastopwatchready. Lowerthelightedcandleintoajarofexpiredairasshown
inFig. 9.7 below.Startthewatchthemomentthecandleentersthejar.Stopthe
watchwhentheflamegoesout.Recordthetimetakeninthetablebelow.
4. Repeatstep(3)using2ormorejarsofexpiredair. Recordyourresultsandcalculate
theaveragetimetaken.
RI-t--+- candle
delagratingspoon
gasjar
Fig. 9.7
Time(seconds) Expiredair Inspiredair
1streading
2ndreading
3rdreading
Average
5. Repeattheexperimentsusing3gasjarsofinspiredair(i.e. atmosphericair).
Atmosphericaircanbecollectedbyopeningthegasjarsandallowingairtoenter.
Recordyourresultsinthetableonpage107.
6. Whatisthegasinthegasjarsthatsupportscombustion?
7. Fromyourresultswhatcanyousayabouttheamountofthisgasininspiredand
expiredair?
Name: Class:
Investigation 9.9 To compare fl) the water content and fll) the
temperature in inspired and expired air
Procedure
(I) 1. Taketwopiecesofdrycobaltchloridepaper(blue)fromadesiccator.Hold
onepieceofthepaperwithforcepsandwaveitgentlyintheair.
2. Holdtheotherpiececlosetothemouthandblowairontoitforsometime.
3. Whatchangestakeplaceinthetwopiecesofpaper?
4. Whatcanyoudeducefromtheexperiment?
(II) 1. Useathermometertofindthetemperatureoftheroomandrecorditbelow.
2. Thenholdthebulbofthethermometerclosetoyourmouthandbreatheout
airontoitforsometime.Recordthetemperatureoftheexpiredair.
3. Whichhasahighertemperature,inspiredorexpiredair?