THE GENERAL

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The Avalon Hill Philosophy - Part 7

"How would I go about f o r m i n g a n Avalon Hill C l u b ? , " i s an oft r e p e a t e d lament. On the s u r f a c e i t s e e m s like an e a s y question to a n s w e r . Simply g a t h e r a few f r i e n d s about you, appoint yourself P r e s i d e n t , then go out and buy s o m e Avalon Hill g a m e s . (We p a r t i c u l a r l y s t r e s s the l a t t e r . ) Our m i s t a k e h a s been to d i s m i s s the inquiry with a n a n s w e r not m u c h m o r e e r u d i t e than that. Not until such inq u i r i e s began to i n c r e a s e did we r e a l i z e the c a r d i n a l sin we w e r e c o m m i t ting in not following through with s u c h requests. We have finally begun to. under stand that "belonging" i s v e r y i m p o r t a n t to many people. In addition, we s a w t h a t the "club" concept had engendered many a new-found friendship, developing a c o m m e r a d e r i e of adult g a m e e n t h u s i a s m neverbefore witnessed in this country. Yes - we finally woke up. T h a t ' s why Avalon Hill h a s , a t l a s t , gotten around to the job of r e g i s t e r i n g a s m a n y Avalon Hill w a r g a m e groups a s wish to be m a d e "official". "what's "Big deal", you exclaim. that mean t o u s ? ,' I you ask. Simply this. R e g i s t r a t i o n in itself will e l i m i n a t e m u c h of the fake o r g a n izational bit and g e n e r a l c h i l d ' s play that h e r e t o f o r e h a s hindered the w a r gaming growth and development f o r the t r u l y s e r i o u s w a r g a m e buff. R e g i s t r a tion a l s o provides Avalon Hill with s o u r c e s to which we c a n r e c o m m e n d new devotees of the s p o r t . Ultimately, we hope to bring a l l w a r g a m e r s to working in c l o s e r harmony through o u r e f f o r t s to p r o m o t e existing clubs. Actually, this l a t t e r is not s o m u c h o u r idea. C r e d i t f o r putting the bug i n o u r e a r goes, in the m a i n , to W i l l i a m S p e e r , hard-working e x - P r e s i d e n t of the I n t e r national F e d e r a t i o n of W a r g a r n e r s ( f e a t u r e s t o r y of Vol. 4, No. 3 ) . Speer and company s a w the m e r i t s of a c o ordinating c o m m i t t e e f o r the p r e s e r v a tion of wargaming, and have a l r e a d y held a n "annual" w a r g a m e s convention with plans underway f o r producing s e v e r a l m o r e i n the upcoming y e a r . We w e r e s t i l l r e l u c t a n t to g e t involved - e s p e c i a l l y a s u m p i r e and a r b i t e r f o r i n t r a - c l u b squabbles. This r e l u c t a n c e was o v e r c o m e by o u r thinking that the c r e d i t s w e r e too many to allow wargaming to continue to flounder in the s e a of individualism. In s h o r t - w e ' r e a l l f o r the."clubs." May they f l o u r i s h , squabble, fight and even have t h e i r rebellions - if done good naturedly - because growth feeds off of c o n t r o v e r s y and divergence of opinions. L e t ' s h e r e i t f o r the "clubs." Friendly Totalitarianism We have been somewhat disappointed, a t this writing, i n the l a c k of clubs r e g i s t e r i n g with us. P e r h a p s r e g i s t r a t i o n will pick-up once o t h e r s r e a l i z e that we a r e willing to put f o r t h s o m e of o u r own t i m e and e f f o r t in i t s promotion. Claiming to be the l a r g e s t of a l l the clubs with 120 m e m b e r s i s A g g r e s s o r Homeland. "We a r e o r g a n i z e d a c c o r d ing to U. S. A r m y field m a n u a l s . . s i n c e r e l y i n t e r e s t e d i n improving and uniting w a r g a m i n g , " s t a t e s V i c t o r G e r vol, J r . , P r e s i d e n t of A g g r e s s o r Homeland. T e s t i m o n i a l of this was their p r e s e n c e and avid support a t the 1 s t annual w a r g a m e convention which w a s held l a s t July i n Malvern, Pennsylvania. At the m o m e n t , however, c e r t a i n factions within A g g r e s s o r Homeland a r e rebelling. But h e r e , again, such differences of opinion m o r e often than not s e r v e to b e t t e r the ideals of w a r gaming p e r s e e . F o r instance, i n G e r vol's own w o r d s , "It s e e m s a s though c e r t a i n c l u b s and individuals a r e losing s i t e of the p u r p o s e of wargaming; that i s , to have fun. What we s a y in our ads and c o r r e s p o n d e n c e a s a 'nation' i s not intended to be taken a s any r e f l e c tion o n the p e r s o n a l beliefs of the m e m b e r s of the club. A s a wargaming 'nation' we play the r o l e of a totalitarian to the b e s t of o u r ability to m a k e w a r gaming m o r e colorful and entertaining. '' Well put, Victor. You'll make some company a g r e a t publicity d i r e c t o r .

.. . a losing venture published bi-monthly, pretty

close to the first day of January, March, May, July, September and November. The General is edited and published by The Avalon Hill Company almost solely for the cultural edification of adult gaming. (It also helps to sell Avalon Hill products, tool) Articles from subscribers are considered for publication on a gratis contributory basis. Such articles must be typewritten and not exceed 700 words. Examples and diagrams that accompany such articles must be drawn in black ink, ready for reproduction. N o notice can be given regarding acceptance of articles for publication. All back issues, except Vol. 1, Nos. 1 & 4, which are out of stock, are available at $1.00 per issue. Full-year subscriptions @ $4.98.
01967 The Avalon Hill Company, Baltimore,

Maryland. printed in U.S.A.

COVER STORY:

"We Rule Men with Words" Napoleon

When's the l a s t t i m e you r e a l l y h u r t a guy - - with w o r d s ? When's the l a s t t i m e you e x p e r i e n c e d t h e t h r i l l of devas t a t i n g your w a r g a m e opponent with a well- spoken s a t i r a c l e p h r a s e ? When's the l a s t t i m e you stuck a l i t e r a r y knife into a n "enemy" reducing h i m t o t e a r s ? L a s t month? L a s t y e a r ? N e v e r ? If you've n e v e r ( o r h a r d l y e v e r ) e x perienced these cerebral ecstacies, WORD POWER i s the g a m e f o r you. WORD POWER i s no o r d i n a r y word g a m e t h a t might depend upon p l a y e r ' s p r i o r knowledge o r l u c k of the draw. No indeed. WORD POWER is a vocabul a r y building g a m e ; t h e only word game on the m a r k e t t h a t gives e v e r y o n e a n equal chance t o win r e g a r d l e s s of t h e i r knowledge of w o r d s . Equally i m p o r t a n t i s t h e g a m e ' s built-in subtletie of d e sign which t e a c h e s you new w o r d s and meanings without you even r e a l i z i n g it. We c a l l i t subliminal education. You'll c a l l i t a g r e a t way t o a c q u i r e new s t a t u s in life. The play of WORD POWER c e n t e r s on the u s e of synonyms a n d antonyms a s you p r o g r e s s f r o m W r i t e r t o Journalist t o Novelist on your way t o m o n e t a r y r i c h e s . I t ' s a p e r f e c t balance of skill, l u c k a n d poker bluffing s t r a t e g y . The accompanying 34-page guide cont a i n s word-definitions; c h a p t e r s on o r i g i n s , h i s t o r i e s , and t h e Yomance of w o r d s i n love and w a r f o r s t a r t e r s . Wouldn't i t b e w o r t h $7.98 to you if one t i m e - you c a n ignominiosly defeat a s m u g fellow in a b a t t l e of w o r d s ?

..

WORD POWER h a s been out on t h e g a m e s h e l v e s since November. You'll find i t on a n y of your b e t t e r g a m e , book and s t a t i o n a r y c o u n t e r s . If not, just send $7.98 d i r e c t l y t o Avalon Hill. O r , if still dubious, send a s t a m p e d selfa d d r e s s e d envelope and we'll send you FREE o u r colorful h a r d - s e l l sheet. ( J u s t don't a s k u s t o send you the teena g e model t h a t a d o r n s t h i s s h e e t . )

Probably the s m a l l e s t club i s Richard Locke's g r o u p of but five m e m b e r s who, he a d m i t s , " i s b e s t d e s c r i b e d a s a buddy-buddy g r o u p with no o f f i c e r s , no but grows e c r e t a r y , no organization, ing.. " Locke's i n t e r e s t in "club-ing" i t thus d i f f e r s g r e a t l y f r o m Gervol's. Locke r e g u l a r l y , like about once a week, f u r n i s h e s u s with n a m e s of r e t a i l e r s handling AH g a m e s plus n a m e s and a d d r e s s e s of c o n s u m e r s in the Evanston, Illinois a r e a i n t e r e s t e d in wargaming. Only a n idiot of a s a l e s m a n a g e r would d i s c o u r a g e f a n a t a c i s m of this d e g r e e . If z e a l be any c r i t e r i a n ,

PAGE 3
L o c k e t s group m a y quickly r i s e to the status of the Rkd Lion's, e a s i l y the f a s t e s t growing w a r g a m e club today. On August 1, 1966, Red Lions w a s founded by Bill Stone and Steve M a r i n a s a club dedicated to defeating the elevating Aggressor menace.. and wargaming to a place beside C h e s s . Actually we c a n t h a n k A g g r e s s o r H o m e land, again, f o r Red L i o n s ' existence if we a r e to believe Gervol s e r i o u s l y when he stated, ltSomeone had to be the 'bad guys' and I ' m s u r e A g g r e s s o r h a s done m o r e to promote wargaming by carefully worded a d s designed to appeal to the r e a d e r s ' emotions, antagonizing a s well a s gaining s u p p o r t for wargames. I' P e r h a p s G e r v o l takes too much c r e d i t for the development of w a r g a m e clubs. Nevertheless, s o m e t i m e s the end justif i e s the m e a n s and to this extent, we find i t difficult to reproof A g g r e s s o r ' s philosophy. Like we m e a n , C a s s i u s Clay i s n ' t exactly the paragon of boxing but look how he woke up the fight game. You c a n ' t fault s u c c e s s . And today, A g g r e s s o r i s among the leading contributor to a r t i c l e s in this magazine. "Aggressor h a s been able to s t i r u p o p ponents in a l m o s t e v e r y s t a t e of the Union. A g g r e s s o r have worked on game r e s e a r c h and development and under the dynamic l e a d e r s h i p of R i c h a r d Gutenkunst have come to produce an Iwo J i m a g a m e , a n expanded s e t of Bulge troop c o u n t e r s Stalingrad a i r c o u n t e r s and G e r m a n concentration a r m o u r e d units, Afrika Korps units to begin play i n 1940 with, Blitzkrieg m i n o r country a r m i e s and a i r f o r c e c o u n t e r s , to mention a few," adds Gervol who s t a t e s t h a t m o r e goodies f r o m the drawing b o a r d a r e i n the offing including a n improved v e r s i o n of D-Day a s well a s a n h i s t o r i c a l e s s a y o n the h i s t o r y of nations in B l i t z k r i e g not to mention a t h r e e - p l a y e r version. So while A g g r e s s o r Homeland i s h a r d a t w o r k in diversification, Red Lions continues t h e i r growth a s c e n d ency. "With a m e m b e r s h i p o v e r 60, and with m o r e s e r v i c e s and benefits than e v e r before, we stand r e a d y to oppose A g g r e s s o r in combat, " a s s e r t s Defense Minister Stone. Actually, Red Lions h a s even outgrown i t s n a m e and r e c e n t r e - o r g a n i z a tion finds the club with the new n a m e of Boldlands. "The future depends on the decisions of A g g r e s s o r , " continues Stone. "If they want to fight, Boldland will defeat them. If they wish to join us a s p a r t n e r s in making wargaming a friendly hobby a s popular a s Chess, then we will w o r k together toward that end. ' I T h e n t h e r e i s the S p a r t a n W a r g a m e r s , c u r r e n t l y under indictment by A g g r e s s o r f o r , "attempting to monopolize w a r g a m ing through v e r y unscrupulous methods including bribery. ' I "Not so, ' I c l a i m s o u r informant among t h e i r r a n k s . i s o u r credo. (We'll g e t "Honesty.. the r e a l low-down a f t e r sending them s o m e f r e e games. ) Waxing quiet o n the w e s t e r n f r o n t i s the Pacific Northwest War G a m e s Association which h a s ukdertaken the publication of a n Opponents Guide. In this job-well-done, principals Douglas Beye r l e i n and P a u l Scroggie have l i s t e d capsule c o m m e n t s on p l a y e r s thems e l v e s , including age, availability, even d i r e c t i o n s to their individual homes. The Military T a c t i c s Society i s p r o bably the o l d e s t living club, having been f o r m e d originally f o r the purpose of generating i n t e r e s t i n m i l i t a r y h i s t o r y and holding w a r g a m e s in m i n i a t u r e , P r e s i d e n t Tony Morale s t a t e s that

THE GENERAL

" m e m b e r s h i p i s now 50 strong, divided into t h r e e b r a n c h e s ; the Napoleonic b r a n c h , the Naval branch, and the Aval o n Hill branch. I t s annual show, which will f e a t u r e the Naval branch, will be h e l d J a n u a r y 13, 1968 a t the Nassau Community College L i b r a r y in Garden City, Long Island, New York. " P e r h a p s the e n t i r e philosophy behind the purpose of the "clubs1' i s be s t stated by the m e m b e r s h i p benefit: "gaining experience, f r i e n d s h i p s with other m e m b e r s a c r o s s the nation.. " of Mike Nicholson's M a s s a c h u s e t t s club, We Conquer All. Whatever your purpose might be in belonging to a club, we support any and a l l actions designed to m a k e wargaming fun. "Don't knock i t ; j u s t club it." -

...

By Captain Mike F r a n k w i c z Myron Brundage, Editor In t h i s , the concluding a r t i c l e of o u r P r i n c i p l e of War s e r i e s , we will cover the r e m a i n i n g P r i n c i p l e s a n d then t i e the e n t i r e s e r i e s down by way of summary. The P r i n c i p l e of the Offensive. T h i s i s a s i m p o r t a n t a principle a s a n y that we have devoted a full a r t i c l e to. What we have t o s a y about i t i s not much, but i t i s important. Offensive action on the p a r t of someone i s the only m e a n s by which a decision i s gained. Since the a t t a c k e r s e i z e s the initiative, he c a l l s the s h o t s and a t l e a s t t e m p o r a r i l y gains m o r e f r e e d o m of action. However. despite the d e c i s i v e advantages of the offensive, you c a n utilize t h i s m e a n s only when you have f o r c e s available t o provide a r e a s o n a b l e chance of s u c c e s s . The guide t o "how many" f o r c e s a r e r e q u i r e d i s the Combat R e s u l t s Table a n d the R u l e s . But t o cut the h a i r even f i n e r i t a l s o depends on how much o r how l i t t l e you a r e b l e s s e d with the dice. F r e q u e n t l y you m u s t a s s u m e a d e fensive attitude someplace in o r d e r t o a s s i s t offensive action e l s e w h e r e , t o gain t i m e , o r t o utilize the advantages of t e r r a i n t o compensate f o r weakness. The defender, however, i s relegated t o the r o l e of r e a c t i n g and avoiding d e feat. The i m p o r t a n c e qf the Offensive i s just plain common s e n s e . But we have s e e n the i n d i s c r i m i n a t e application of "attack! attack! attack!" by inexperienced p l a y e r s l e a d t o t h e i r quick dem i s e . So h e r e a r e a few hints about the offensive in view of your opponent's

known o r suspected abilities, where you have a choice about going into the a t t a c k o r not. If you know he i s b e t t e r than you a r e , o r you know v e r y l i t t l e about h i s ability, he cautions and cons i d e r s e v e r y a s p e c t of your a t t a c k carefully. Especially consider what he can do t o you if you fail. If you a r e s u r e you a r e the b e t t e r player, a t t a c k whenever you can, even with some r i s k . If evenly matched, a t t a c k whenever you can, but b e c a r e f u l about taking r i s k s . The P r i n c i p l e of Simplicity. This principle i s n e c e s s a r y because w a r s tend t o get c,omplex and the m a j o r i t y of people involved in t h e m a r e relatively s i m p l e folk. Most AH g a m e s involve one p e r s o n p e r side. T h i s p e r s o n plays h i s side t o the b e s t of h i s ability and he will tend t o b e a s simple o r complex f o r himself a s he f e e l s like. The principle applies t o t e a m g a m e s however, not only t o plans, but especially to communication thereof. One way to keep things s i m p l e i s t o do things uniformly, p e r h a p s by having a n SOP (Standing Operating P r o c e d u r e ) . This way people c a n anticipate what t o expect and communications a n d o p e r a t i o n s a r e simpler. easier. The P r i n c i p l e of Unity of Command, a c h i e v e s unity of effort by coordination of a l l f o r c e s toward the common objective: It i s b e s t achieved by having one c o m m a n d e r o v e r a distinct chain-ofcommand. Again in AH g a m e s involving only two people t h i s should be no problem with each player r e p r e s e n t i n g his e n t i r e side. But a s above in t e a m g a m e s , t h i s i s a n i m p o r t a n t principle. T h e r e must b e one top c o m m a n d e r , and he should

THE GENERAL
have a c l e a r l y defined chain of command. His subordinates should know exactly what they a r e responsible f o r . He should l e t them have enough authority to discharge t h e i r responsibilities. The P r i n c i p l e of Cooperation (Coordination). The United States A r m y pays a g r e a t deal of attention to t h i s principle. The r e a s o n i s the s i z e and complexity of our Army. One important f e a t u r e of t h i s principle f o r the AH w a r g a m e r f a l l s under what we used t o call "tieing in your flanks". This meant making c e r t a i n that your flanks w e r e mutually covered with f i r e with your neighboring units. In AH c i r c l e s t h i s m e a n s you place your counters so a s to be mutually supporting, and to leave no dangerous gaps. The actual protection m a y come f r o m your zones of cont r o l , o r perhaps the r a n g e of your a i r power, a r t i l l e r y o r special units. In AH g a m e s involving m o r e than one player t o a side, especially club o r t e a m efforts, i t i s a wise idea f o r the club to have a n SOP a s the A r m y does covering t h e s e responsibilities and who h a s them. (EX: 11. The responsibility f o r tieing i n the flanks l i e s with the commander on the left. 12. The r e s p o n s i bility f o r s e c u r i n g friendly c o a s t l i n e s l i e s with the R e s e r v e Command., etc. ). One important f a c t o r pertaining t o Cooperation i s that instructions should be executed according to the " s p i r i t and intent" of the commander issuing them. In o t h e r words the subordinkate should do h i s b e s t t o find out what h i s commander actually wants and s t r i v e t o do i t that way. By way of s u m m a r y f o r this e n t i r e s e r i e s which we began with the May 1966 i s s u e we t r u s t you have noted how interdependent and int e r r e l a t e d the P r i n c i p l e s of War a r e upon and to each other. Our closing advice i s this if you want to employ these principles to improve your game: 1. Document your games. Make notes o r sketch m a p s of them and go o v e r your s t r o n g and weak points against the concepts we have covered in t h i s s e r i e s , a s well a s other s o u r c e s . Watch your p r o g r e s s . 2. Make yourself checklists f r o m the a r t i c l e s in a r e a s where you a r e weak, and play with t h e s e a t your side. 3 . Go over the r u l e s and your checkl i s t s before you play. . 4. A good way to e x e r c i s e yourself o r "maneuver" if you will, i s to play a game of s o l i t a i r e against yourself. Check yourself out on the gameboard, with the f o r c e s , the r u l e s , and the P r i n c i p l e s a s you go along. T h e r e i s much m o r e that could be s a i d about the P r i n c i p l e s of War. Our purpose in this s e r i e s h a s been to put them i n focus a s briefly a s possible f o r the AH w a r g a m e r .

PAGE 4

Think Small
By B a r r y K. Branch

m m m

This concludes the excellent series written and edited by Captain Mike Frankwicz and Myron Brundage with help from Captain W. L. MacMurdy, the latter an U.S. Army Intelligence Officer. Previous articles in this series appeared: Principles of Objective, Vol. 3, No. 2 (July 66); Mass& Movement-Key Concepts, Vol. 3 , No. 3; Mass & Movement-Offensive Maneuver, Vol. 3 , No. 4; Economy of Force, Vol. 3, No. 5; Mass & Movement-Defense & Retrograde, Vol. 3 , No. 6; Surprise, Vol. 4 , No. 2 (none in Vol. 4, Nos. 1 & 3); Security, Vol. 4 , No. 4; Conclusion, Vol. 4, No. 5. Comments should be directed to Myron Brundage, 2437 W. Sunnyside, Chicago, Illinois.

Afriha Korps & theAtfrtiolbn Table

By Brooke Duvall T i r e d of losing a n e n t i r e a r m y with a single r o l e of the d i e ? The u s e of the Blitzkrieg Tournament Game Attrition Table in Afrika Korps provides much m o r e r e a l i s m than the old Combat R e sults Table. L o s s e s i n c u r r e d in a battle a r e simply subtracted f r o m a u n i t ' s combat f a c t o r . R e c o r d s of a u n i t ' s p r e s e n t combat f a c t o r a r e written down on a s e p a r a t e sheet of paper. F o r example: It. /Ariete(4-5-6) a t t a c k s 9A/ 20(2-2-6) a t 2-1 odds. The G e r m a n r o l e s a six. Using the old table the ent i r e Italian division i s wiped out. Howe v e r using the Blitzkrieg tournament table the units combat f a c t o r would be reduced to 2-3-6 and i t would r e t r e a t one space. If a defending unit i s doubled then attack f a c t o r s l o s t a r e doubled. When a u n i t ' s defensive combat f a c t o r i s reduced to z e r o it i s removed f r o m the board. Italian units whose a t t a c k f a c t o r s a r e z e r o , but still have defensive f a c t o r s can defend but not attack. Units defending in a f o r t r e s s m u s t be f o r c e d to r e t r e a t two s p a c e s o r m o r e before they a r e completely eliminated. This s y s t e m provides m o r e r e a l i s m , p r e vents wholesale elimination of attacking units, and gives defending units in a f o r t r e s s a b e t t e r chance of holding out. I have used this method s e v e r a l t i m e s and have found that i t does not disrupt t h e balance of play. Brooke Duvall, 300 Gateswood Rd. , Timonium, Maryland.

As commander of a l a r g e a r m y , we often overlook the damage a single unit can do, if l o o s e in the enemy r e a r . I t ' s importance i s usually in t h r e a t value, r a t h e r than in actual attack. Often, a single unit t h r e a t can achieve m o r e than a m a s s frontal a s s a u l t . In AK, where a solid front line i s a r a r i t y , Rommel can send a Recce f a r to the South and E a s t . A walk into undefended Tobruk i s obvious victory. But f a r b e t t e r , the t h r e a t to T o b r u k o r BHB, o r possibility of surrounded attack, can t i e down many B r i t i s h units in positional defense. O r if the B r i t i s h send a Recce deep to R o m m e l ' s r e a r , a s Mechili f o r example, Rommel must u s e valuable units to protect h i s supply. In D-Day, the German can send a s m a l l P a n z e r past Vichy, to threaten w e s t of the allied p o r t s ; the allied often u s e t r i p l e i t s strength to protect supply. O r the a l l i e s can paradrop to the G e r man coast, opening a supply port, then move t o control the North replacement s t a r s , Hitler usually wastes s e v e r a l units f o r s e v e r a l t u r n s , just to r e s e c u r e the a r e a . A d r o p on Aachen i s a l s o vital. In o t h e r g a m e s , a penetration (for supp1y)is f i r s t n e c e s s a r y . Instalingrad, if a n opening i s made in the f a r South, a single German unit facing E a s t can cause a completeRussian r e t r e a t , o r a t l e a s t the waste of heavy Russian units to protect Moscow and Stalingrad. It i s often worthwhile t o battle T e r r a i n r a t h e r than the enemy; a light Russian unit creeping West through the P r i p e t Marsh can d i v e r t s e v e r a l German units. In Bulge, a VG Regiment sneaking West through the woods n e a r Monschau can threaten SPA o r the Malmedy a r e a . An allied piece going E a s t in those woods, a t h r e a t to St. Vith, can pull sufficient German f o r c e s to stall heavy a t t a c k s along the Ourthe. The possibilities in Blitz a r e unlimited. In s h o r t , don't l e t your m a s s i v e f o r c e s blind you to what one outfit can do. Don't attack, and don't commit your man; a t h r e a t i s m o r e effective. The m o r e vague the t h r e a t , the m o r e a r e a s endangered, the g r e a t e r the effect on the enemy. B a r r y K. Branch, 2106 E l m h u r s t , Royal Oak, Michigan 48073.

PAGE 5

THE GENERAL
exactly where h i s opponent i s . The t h i r d l e t t e r m u s t stand f o r 1. Thus P i s 1. R m u s t be either 1 o r 2. It cannot be 1, because P i s 1. Thus his opponent i s on 1212 o r L12.

via Cryptogram
to span; Stop! we land; We plot sand; Dew s l a p ton; Don pets law; Law step nod. By Albert J. Macek As explained in the l a s t i s s u e the idea of this s y s t e m i s that a player sends h i s hidden moves in code and sends the key word t o the code to h i s opponent a s each unit e m e r g e s f r o m hiding. The t a s k f o r t h i s second and l a s t a r t i c l e in the s e r i e s i s to look into how both s i d e s may cheat in the u s e of the proposed s y s t e m and to work out ways to prevent such cheating. In logical conjunction with the r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a good PBM hidden movement s y s t e m which I stated l a s t t i m e , t h e r e a r e two general ways in which cheating m a y occur. 1. The player sending a move may contrive t o r e m a i n uncommitted by the move he sends. 2. The player receiving a move m a y partially o r completely c r a c k the code and have full o r partial knowledge of the location of one o r m o r e hiddenunita. SENDING UNCOMMITTING MOVES L e t u s s t a r t with a n example of something that m a y occur without preplanning. Our h e r o sends h i s f i r s t inf a n t r y to BB40 with the intention that the movement will be hidden. His key word i s a sentence about marijuana: "Pot slew Dan." Thus he sends h i s opponent the information that h i s f i r s t infantry i s a t ODSN. After our h e r o ' s opponent makes h i s move, o u r h e r o finds that things would be much b e t t e r f o r h i m if h i s f i r s t infantry had gone to U43, a space which was available bef o r e i t moved to BB40. He wishes he had not committed himself t o ~ ~ 4 but a f t e r careful study finds that he did not commit himself. He a r r a n g e s the c r i m e in his key word sentence to be "Don slew P a t . " and now ODSN stands f o r U43 instead of BB40. A c l e v e r player can plan h i s key words in advance so that he h a s any number of options in hidden movement. Some combinations of l e t t e r s can be a r r a n g e d into various keywords a d infinitem a s i l l u s t r a t e d by the following variations of two s h o r t sentences a l r e a d y given: Plan wed sot; P a n wed slot; Dew s l a p ton; P a l s not wed; Paw ton sled; Weld The examples above w e r e made up in a single fifteen minute session. Two people together o r one person working in s e v e r a l s e s s i o n s can do f a r m o r e . A determined player who wants to have the choi,ce of h i s hidden units appearing in many places can do f a r b e t t e r . The player who r e c e i v e s a s e r i e s of hidden moves and l a t e r finds h i s opponents hidden f o r c e s hitting him where i t h u r t s most m a y b e suspicious if the key word f o r the movement i s something s t r a n g e like P . West Loan. This i s still another variation of the s a m e l e t t e r s used over and over again above. His opponent could explain that t h i s m e a n s "Pacific West Loan. " You can hardly complain to your opponent that h i s key words make little sense o r that they a r e aesthetically repugnant. It would be v e r y h a r d to give a s e t of c r i t e r i a f o r key words that would exclude t h i s type of cheating. The b e s t way around t h i s whole problem i s to have a l i s t of words f r o m which the key word m u s t be chosen. Such a p r e - s e t l i s t should contain a given l e t t e r of the alphabet o r not a t a l l o r e l s e a r a r e l e t t e r would be a give away to the r e c e i v e r . In the l i s t that follows e v e r y l e t t e r of the a l p h a b e t a p p e a r s a t l e a s t five t i m e s . quiet c a r o l Z a g r o s exit P a n z e r tomb p r i z e b l a s t lucky thief F o r e s t Lawn violent S a m company HQS blue dragon Mojave bush l a c q u e r tub bright dawn xanthic dye much oxygen Zelda Brown P r i c k l y Ash I r a q County modest Liza morbid jest fox hunters Gen Schmidt North Wales r o y a l junks long quaver pink s a l v e r Douglas F i r wainscoted special job my favorite r e d jonquil 0 fine , ox c a r t blonde h a i r v e s t a l gourd CRACKING THE CODED MESSAGE A legitimate way to get information about a n opponent's hidden unit i s to d e t e r m i n e how f a r i t could have gone f r o m where i t was l a s t seen. This can help in cracking a code. Suppose the r e c e i v e r knows that h i s opponent's f i r s t infantry must be in the range of s p a c e s between D and L i n one direction and between 11 and 19 in the other. The coded m e s s a g e s he r e c e i v e s can thus stand f o r anything f r o m 0411 to 1212. If he gets the m e s s a g e P R P R , he knows

The example just cited i s typical of situations that m u s t a r i s e i n w a r games. Before he r e c e i v e d a move the code c r a c k e r knew that the t h i r d l e t t e r of the move had to stand f o r 1. T h e r e i s only one c u r e . Don't l e t the r e c e i v e r know which l e t t e r i s the t h i r d one. This i s achieved with "nulls. 'I A null i s a c h a r a c t e r in the code which i s meaningless. It i s meaningl e s s because i t i s a l e t t e r which i s not found in the key word. The r e c e i v e r will not know which l e t t e r s a r e nulls until he knows what the key word i s . L e t u s a s s u m e momentarily that the standard m e s s a g e length i s eight l e t t e r s and the key word i s the name of a t r e e , PRICKLY ASH. The l e t t e r s M and 0 can be used a s n u l l s to send the position L12 in the following code: MPROMROP. Now the r e c e i v e r does not know what the t h i r d l e t t e r in the code i s . RULE FOR USE OF NULLS Introducing nulls brings back the problem of the f i r s t p a r t of this i s s u e ' s installment. The sender of a hidden move may v e r y well u s e the nulls to send two m e s s a g e s , each with i t s own key word and e i t h e r of which he may l a t e r choose t o u s e a s the one he "intended. " This means that the use of nulls m u s t be r e s t r i c t e d . This will be done in two ways: 1. Make a l l hidden position codes in a s i x l e t t e r f o r m a t - - t h u s having two nulls in e v e r y message. 2. P e r m i t nulls only a t the beginning o r end of a m e s s a g e . Thus the f i r s t two, l a s t two o r f i r s t and l a s t l e t t e r s in a s i x c h a r a c t e r m e s s a g e may be nulls. This a l s o means that the r e a l m e s s a g e i s always some s e t of four c h a r a c t e r s in a row. IMPLICATION O F THE RULES The r u l e s will be r e s t a t e d and then one implication of the r u l e s will be explained. 1. Hidden moves will be translated into a four l e t t e r m e s s a g e using a key word f r o m the standard l i s t and leading zeros. 2. Two nulls will be added a t the end o r beginning o r one null a t each end to make the m e s s a g e a s i x l e t t e r m e s sage. 3 . A player may u s e a different key word f o r e v e r y hidden movement with t h e r e s t r i c t i o n that once a unit goes into hiding, the key word must be used f o r that unit until it' e m e r g e s . If that s a m e unit l a t e r goes back into hiding a different key word m a y be used.

THE GENERAL
The r u l e s place a g r e a t e r burden upon the player sending a hidden move than the one receiving the move. The m a n sending the move could slip in such a way that h i s opponent can f i g u r e out where h i s unit i s and what the key word i s . F o r example, a n y player, who wants t o place a unit on L12 m a y a s well f o r get it. Two p a i r s of r e p e a t e d c h a r a c t e r s stand out in any s i x l e t t e r m e s s a g e . Thus if the key word i s the n a m e of a mountain p a s s , ZAGROS EXIT, the l o c a tion L12 sounds l i k e a Gabor s i s t e r , ZAZA. T h e r e i s no way to hide ZAZA in the nulls. The recipient can check e v e r y space with a repeating name f r o m A1 a n d B2 t o DDD56 t o s e e which ones could have been r e a c h e d by the unit he i s t r y i n g t o find. Even if on the f i r s t move the r e c i p i e n t can not find the unit's e x a c t location o r d e t e r m i n e s o much a s the significance of one l e t t e r of the code. he h a s a g r e a t d e a l of information t o u s e in connectionwith l a t e r information that he will get in the f o r m of subsequent moves. T h i s m e a n s that the s e n d e r of a move i s not completely f r e e t o place h i s hid-

PAGE 6
den units on any space. Keeping h i s units out of sight involves the penalty of r e s t r i c t i n g h i s movements slightly. T h i s i s r e a l i s t i c anyway. I think t h i s method i s playable, f a i r l y simple, quite f a i r t o the r e c e i v e r and f a i r enough t o the s e n d e r of a hidden move. Changes m a y be d e s i r a b l e in the word l i s t and in the u s e of nulls, but t h i s will b e l e a r n e d only f r o m exp e r i e n c e . . . A l b e r t J. Macek, 6236 Lochvale Drive, P a l o s V e r d e s Peninsula, California 90274.

Order Out
By J a r e d Johnson

PBM Chaos
Unit i s a s s u m e d not t o have moved iri that t u r n . e. Listing dead units: Units a r e eliminated f r o m board. P r o c e e d with ap -p - rop - r i a t e s t e p under i n c o r r e c t battle odds if any such units w e r e involved in a n attack. f . Faulty initial placement: Unit i s r e m o v e d f r o m b o a r d and brought i n next t u r n . If involved in battle proceed a s indicated under I n c o r r e c t Battle Odds section. g. F a i l u r e t o t e l l where defending u n i t ( s ) should b e r e t r e a t e d t o a f t e r battle: Defender does h i s own r e t r e a t ing. h. Once the defender h a s r e p l i e d t o h i s opponent's move, any e r r o r c a n not b e c o r r e c t e d t h e r e a f t e r . 8. Recording i n c o r r e c t battle odds: a . Against a single unit: Odds a r e recomputed by defender and battle i s fought i n r e g u l a r fashion with stock a n d CTD l i s t e d by a t t a c k e r . b. Against two o r m o r e units when battle w a s originally combined by t h e a t t a c k e r : S a m e a s a g a i n s t single unit. c. Against two o r m o r e units in s e p a r a t e combat: Recompute odds by adding up combat f a c t o r s of units l i s t e d a s participating in the a t t a c k on the OB sheet. d. yon-ambiguous case: If t h e r e i s only one legal way t o r e s o l v e a move, tqe defender m a y do so. e . Soak-off a t w o r s e than 1-6: Send OB sheet back t o a t t a c k e r t o r e partition b a t t l e s a s he s o d e s i r e s to avoid losing soak-off unit if possible; new stocks and CTD m u s t be named. f. No soak-off unit ( a l l enemy units in a t t a c k e r ' s zones of control not being fought): Send OB sheet back t o a t t a c k e r t o redivide odds and n a m e s t o c k s and CTD. g. Soak-offs a t illegal odds: Send sheet b a c k f o r clarification a s above. Comments t o J a r e d Johnson. 1548 Rochelle Drive, Chamblee, Georgia,

The following is a rather comprehensive set of solutions prepared by our crusader-atlarge, Jared Johnson. I t is a blueprint we suggest for players to follow to resolve irregularities that occur from time to time-and actually represents a melting pot of solutions gleaned from over a dozen top-notch individuals and PBM clubs who have designed their own rules to cover such problems.
1. Version of a game being played plus tournament a n d optional r u l e s being u s e d m u s t b e explicitly stated. 2. In disputes o v e r t h e r u l e s , Avalon Hill will b e the final authority. 3. T h e r e will be a t i m e l i m i t of 30 days. P l a y e r not replying t o a move within t h i s t i m e will l o s e by default. 4. All e r a s u r e s and scratchings-out m u s t be initialed by the opponent to - avoid the possibility of hanky-panky i n the c a s e of a d i s c r e p a n c y . 5. If opponent n e g l e c t s t o indicate a closing t r a n s a c t i o n s date, u s e a s CTD the 2nd day a f t e r t h e p o s t m a r k on the s e n d e r ' s envelope. If the stock m a r k e t i s closed on that day, u s e the next day m a r k e t i s open. 6. Zenith will b e p e r m a n e n t stock f o r weather, a n d Ampex f o r supply units. T h e s e s t o c k s m a y not b e l i s t e d f o r any a t t a c k s . 7. Illegal moves: a . More than m a x i m u m number of units allowed p e r s q u a r e : Weakest unit i s a s s u m e d not t o have moved in that t u r n . If t h i s p l a c e s i t i n a combat position defender m a y r e t r e a t unit two s q u a r e s toward n e a r e s t road. b. Unit moving too many s q u a r e s : Unit i s a s s u m e d not t o have moved in that t u r n . c. Unit i s i n enemy zone of cont r o l without battle being r e c o r d e d : Unit i s a s s u m e d not t o have moved in t h a t turn. d. P o s i t i o n of unit not r e c o r d e d :

Kctoy Mth Superior Forces

By Ralph W. Schulz When m i l i t a r y w r i t e r s propound t h e i r pet s t r a t e g i e s ; they always conc e n t r a t e on how t o win a battle with inf e r i o r f o r c e s . Apparently i t i s taken f o r granted that the side with s u p e r i o r n u m b e r s will win without any effort o r skill on t h e p a r t of i t s general. An a s s u m p t i o n belied by the v a s t n u m b e r of g e n e r a l s (and w a r g a m e r s ) who have b e e n defeated a f t e r leading s u p e r i o r f o r c e s into battle. Instances of the defeat of l a r g e f o r c e s by s m a l l e r onesabound the m o s t r e c e n t being, of c o u r s e , the A r a b I s r a l i m a s s a c r e . H e r e one might a r g u e that the A r a b s , being unable t o fight a m o d e r n w a r , w e r e not r e a l l y a superior f o r c e despite t h e i r n u m b e r s and soviet equipment. T h i s i s t r u e , but, even when the opponents a r e equal in quality, having the s u p e r i o r f o r c e i s no g u a r a n t e e of victory. In 1940 the A l l i e d a r m i e s outnumbere d the G e r m a n s . They had m o r e tanks, m o r e guns, the advantage of fbrtifications and a l l the benefits that go with being the defender. The s t r a t e g i c situation w a s such that the G e r m a n s w e r e

PAGE 7
doomed to grow constantly weaker a s their opponents grew s t r o n g e r . The Allies looked unbeatable, even to the Germans, yet they w e r e routed. How? The German a r m o r e d breakthrough i s usually cited but the main r e a s o n was the Allies m i s u s e of t h e i r g r e a t e r f o r c e s . The key move was the G e r m a n invasion of Holland. T h i s caused the Allied a r m i e s to lunge into Belgium, away f r o m t h e i r fortifications, supplies and communications. Once committed to movement along the l a t e r a l r o a d s into Belgium the A r m i e s could not be r e called. Once the Allies w e r e s e t up f o r the kill, the G e r m a n P a n z e r s s t r u c k and cut off the f i n e s t of the Allied a r m i e s without t h e m being able to even fight in t h e i r own defense. All w e r e amazed a t the s u c c e s s of the G e r m a n move but a glance a t the m a p will r e veal that even before they attacked the G e r m a n s w e r e c l o s e r to theAllied r e a r then the Allied a r m i e s . How did the P a n z e r s d r i v e s o deep s o f a s t ? By moving into Belgium the Allies moved t h e i r mobile f o r c e s and the bulk of t h e i r r e s e r v e s f r o m the path of the G e r m a n s . SO was a s u p e r i o r f o r c e nullified by i t s i m p r o p e r u s e . A study of this and other campaigns r e v e a l s the following general guidelines f o r the u s e of s u p e r i o r f o r c e s : 1. REMAIN ALWAYS ON THE O F FENSTVE. P r e s s the enemy, threaten to attack a t a l l t i m e s . F o r c e the enemy to deploy his men t o protect himself. With h i s f o r c e s tied down i n d e f e n s e the enemy cannot concentrate local s u p e r i o r i t y against p a r t of your f o r c e . The main advantage of having s u p e r i o r numb e r s i s that you c a n m a t c h the e n e m i e ' s defense and still m a s s a striking f o r c e .
2 . MAKE YOUR FORCES MUTUALLY SUPPORTING a s long a s the enemy has any attack capability. T h i s m e a n s make your detachments strong enough to hold t h e i r own till help can a r r i v e . 3 . EXTEND YOUR FLANKS BEYOND THOSE O F YOUR OPPONENT. F o r c e h i m always to extend (and thin) his lines f o r protection. If h e t r i e s to cover everything he will be weak e v e r y where. If h e c o v e r s only c e r t a i n points he will leave openings f o r attack. If he r e f u s e s to extend h i s line you will be able t o envelope h i s exposed flanks. 4. NEVER MAKE FRONTAL ATTACKS FEELING YOU CAN AFFORD LOSSES. T h e r e i s no f a s t e r route to defeat.

THE GENERAL
L e t ' s s e e how t h e s e principles look i n a c t i o n in a game s u c h a s WATERLOO. At the s t a r t of the game the F r e n c h outnumber the Allies (England and the P r u s s i a n "Huns1I strangely enough), however, Allied r e - e n f o r c e m e n t s a r r i v e continuously and the total Allied f o r c e outnumbers the F r e n c h Army. Initially t h e r e a r e t h r e e gaps the Allies m u s t defend: Tilly, Quarte B r a s and Nivelles. The initial F r e n c h move i s to bring f o r c e s within striking distance of a l l t h r e e (Fig. # I ) . If the enemy i s

weak a t any point, attack. Tilly i s a good point f o r attack because i t cannot b e supported by the main Allied a r m i e s a f t e r they a r e driven back on QB. If Tilly i s too strong for profitable attack, m a s k i t with a defense f o r c e and forget i t , that much l e s s enemy strength on the main battlefields (moves $2 and #3).

If the Allied player i s good and his dispositions a r e too strong for immediate attack, open up f u r t h e r f r o n t s ( F i g . #2, moves 4 and 5). The enemy cannot cover everything. By turn #5 the TillyQB-Nivelles position should be compromised. Once past this line, the

MAP #2

ench Attacks

5. NEVER PRESS A SINGLE LINE O F ATTACK TOO LONG. Concentrating your attack a l s o concentrates the defense. Attack and t h r e a t e n s e v e r a l points a t once and s t r i k e whichever one i s weakest.

e n e m i e ' s flanks a r e unsupported by natural obstacles. Send yqur cavalry around h i s flanks. P r e s s h i s line a s h e r e t r e a t s (Map #3), portions of h i s f o r c e can be cut off and crushed. If you a r e constantly flanking h i m he can't delay t o counter-attack o r r e s c u e isolated units for f e a r h i s whole f o r c e will be engulfed. As you d r i v e the enemy back toward Mt. St. Jean you will be concent r a t i n g his f o r c e s f o r him due to the

convergence of the two main roads. Keep your f l a n k e r s out, they a r e worth m o r e a s a t h r e a t then a s a n attack f o r c e unless the enemy gets c a r e l e s s and exposes himself t o encirclement. Don't bring your flankers in till Mt. St. Jean. If practical do not push the enemy back evenly. By not attacking some a r e a s you m a y tempt him to hold a n a r e a until too l a t e to withdraw h i s men. By the tenth t u r n the Allies should be driven back to Mt. S t . Jean. (Map $ 3 )

THE GENERAL

What...

by H. P i e r r e Noyes Jutland i s a v e r y exciting and r e a l i s tic g a m e , and i s improved by i n c o r porating the a c t u a l s c a l e option. Howe v e r , few of us have the unlimited playing space r e q u i r e d f o r this and the alternative suggestion of stacking ship counters t h r e e deep in c u m b e r s o m e in the e x t r e m e . We have t r i e d instead making new c o u n t e r s 113 the s i z e , but this s t i l l d o e s not come to g r i p s with the r e a l i m p r a c t i c a l i t y of the game f o r those of u s who c a n ' t finish i t in an evening and have no place to leave i t s e t up. We believe we have solved this problem, and a t the s a m e t i m e c r e a t e d a p r a c t i c a l method both f o r simultaneous movement and f o r play-by-mail. The solution i s simply to reduce the s c a l e , ignore the c o u n t e r s , and f o r the combat phase of the game to plot a l l s h i p positions o n paper. We have found that 1" to 4000 y a r d s w o r k s well. At this s c a l e the distance between ships in column, and a l s o one movement f a c a r e plotted a s :
I

. . . . ..

If your f l a n k e r s have cut deep you should a l r e a d y have a lodgement in the defenses t o work with. If the Allied player detached enough f o r c e t o hold off ypur f l a n k e r s h i s m a i n f r o n t will give e a r l i e r a n d thus p e r m i t l e s s r e inforcements t o a r r i v e , f o r the final battle. At t h i s pqint (See Fig. 3 ) due t o the l i m i t a t i o n s af the b o a r d , a battle of a t t r i t i o n w i l l b e n e c e s s a r y . HowBver,

a s m a l l advance by the F r e n c h f o r c e s will f o r c e theAllied f o r c e s past Mt. St. J e a n and the t i p of the f o r e s t behind i t thus cutting the Allies in half. Mask one p a r t and concentrate overwhelming f o r c e on the other and annihilate i t . Good Luck. Comments to Ralph W. Schulz, 17 B i r c h Hill R d . , Locust Valley, New York 11560.

The Fleet in Being

By P a u l Hunt An i n t e r e s t i n g t h e o r y (put f o r t h mainly by R e a r Adm. Alfred T h a y e r Mahan a t the t u r n of the century) that can b e v e r y useful t o G e n e r a l s and Adm i r a l s alike i s that of the " F l e e t i n Being". It s t a t e s b a s i c a l l y that "a s m a l l f o r c e can immobilize a much l a r g e r f o r c e f o r a long periodwithout engaging in combat. I f You say, " G r e a t ! How d o e s one do i t ? " a n d I will now t r y t o explain: 1. T h e r e a r e many u s e s of t h i s theory. Two good o n e s include: d i v e r t ing enemy f o r c e s f r o m w h e r e the enemy will r e a l l y need t h e m (that i s the m a i n o n e ) and a s a r e a r - g u a r d action. 2. The m o r e f r o n t s t h e r e a r e , the b e t t e r . B l i t z k r i e g i s excellent. 3 . T h i s type of d i v e r s i o n i s excell e n t a s , if i t i s skillfully executed, no l o s s e s will b e suffered (no combat). 4. T h i s t h e o r y w a s originally intended f o r naval w a r f a r e , but i t can obviously b e applied t o land w a r f a r e . 5. T r o o p s that a r e equally mobjie o r m o r e mobile than the enemy's a r e r e q u i r e d t o make, t h i s work. 6 . An obviously advantageous u s e of t h i s i s where combat i s impossible. One example i s in D-Day. F o r c e s 'in B r i t a i n before the 2nd invasion have no i m m e d i a t e combat value, but do i m mobilize a s t r o n g f o r c e . Another e x a m p l e i s i n B l i t z k r i e g w h e r e 40 f a c t o r s a r e s e t t o come in the back door of Big Red o r G r e a t Blue, thus tying up a n enemy f o r c e while they can't b e touched. 7. Caution should be applied when dealing with a n opponent m o r e a d r o i t in maneuvering t r o o p s than you a r e when combat i s possible. Otherwise the fleet-in-being might t u r n into the ex-fleet. 8. The fleet-in-being a s a d i v e r s i o n gains i t s effectiveness a s a t h r e a t t o enemy supplies. (See The L a s t C r u i s e of the Emden by Edwin P. Hoyt in your local library. ) 9.. A s combat usually o c c u r s in a r e a r guard action a t t e m p t s a t having a f l e e t b e "in being" usually fail. It m a y work, however, if your opponent i s m o r e of a Hooker o r Meade than a Grant. 10. Make s u r e you don't give yourself the s h o r t end of the stick by using m o r e f o r c e s than you d i v e r t , when you don't have to. 11. Make s u r e the fleet-in-being's supplies a r e n ' t cut. T h i s i s a topnotch way of killing such a n action if your opponent u s e s i t on you. (I might gdd that you should watch constantly if you think he i s t r y i n g t h i s s t r a t e g y s o that you c a n "un-divertf1 d i v e r t e d t r o o p s when cutting supplies i s n ' t possible. ) 12. To apply t h e s e points t o l a n d w a r f a r e , simply i n s e r t the word "force1' instead of the word "fleetf1. All comments, c r i t i c i s m s , a n d interes.ting applications of t h i s principle m a y be s e n t to: P a u l Hunt. 8395 Whitewood Drive. B r e c k s v i l l e , Ohio 44141.

F o r con-

venience and speed in r e c o r d i n g we do not u s e the n a m e s of the ships b u t r a t h e r t h e i r n u m e r i c a l o r d e r o n the hit r e c o r d s h e e t s reading down. F o r instance, the column just given would (if B r i t i s h ) c o n s i s t of Agincourt, Canada, H e r c u l e s , Superb o r (if G e r m a n ) o r Posen, , Freidrich der Grosse, ~ b l n i ~ Derfflinger. Light c r u i s e r s a r e plotand d e s t r o y e r ted a s
*Sfd

.6

12 2 )

squadrons a s

i eF,dt

The dimensions

f o r the maneuver gage and range finder. a t this s c a l e a r e given in the F i g u r e :

PAGE 9
We have m a d e the rangefinder a s a 30 s e c t o r of a c i r c l e s o that i t c a n a l s o be used to d e t e r m i n e e a s i l y (by laying the c e n t e r line along the d i r e c t i o n of m o tion of the column) whether o r not only bow o r s t e r n guns b e a r on a p a r t i c u l a r target. S e a r c h p r o c e d u r e i s unaltered. When battle i s joined, plot the hexagons involved on a l a r g e piece of p a p e r , using the f a c t t h a t the perpendicular d i s tance f r o m c e n t e r to edge i s 4 1/2", and f r o m center,,to c o r n e r ( o r c o r n e r to c o r n e r 5& Then plot the entering columns along the a p p r o p r i a t e edges, and conduct m a n e u v e r and f i r e o p e r a tions by drawing on the p a p e r r a t h e r than by moving counters. to-date plot of how a l l units a r e d i s posed within any s q u a r e ( o r s q u a r e s ) occupied by e a c h t a s k force. Ships m a y be anywhere within these s q u a r e s p r o vided ( a ) a l l ships within a single t a s k f o r c e a r e within visible r a n g e of e a c h o t h e r and (b) a l l s h i p s i n e a c h t a s k f o r c e a r e moving in the ( s a m e ) d i r e c t i o n perpendicular o n the s a m e s i d e of the hexagons. When contact i s m a d e , back up to the previous hour and s u p e r p o s e s h e e t s in the configuration (adjacent s q u a r e s ) w h e r e the units would have been before they e n t e r e d a common square. If any units a r e within v i s u a l range, p r o c e e d to maneuver and f i r e a s above. If not, a l l units in e a c h t a s k f o r c e m u s t proceed on c o u r s e a t the r a t e of the s l o w e s t ship i n the force. Then s h e e t s a r e s u p e r p o s e d a n d checked f o r v i s u a l contact. If a f t e r repeating this on c o u r s e maneuver five t i m e s , no contact i s m a d e , advance the t i m e one hour and r e v e r t to s e a r c h procedure. P l a y by Mail The s e a r c h and sweep p r o c e d u r e s p r e s e n t no obvious difficulties f o r play-

THE GENERAL

Simultaneous Movement F o r greater realism, i t i s desirable to have both p l a y e r s m a k e t h e i r m o v e s simultaneously. This i s accomplished by plotting the two opposing f l e e t s o n s e p a r a t e s h e e t s of t r a c i n g paper. T h e s e s h e e t s a r e then superposed, and those enemy units which a r e i n visible r a n g e a r e plotted o n the o t h e r sheet. The p l a y e r s then s e p a r a t e and plot t h e i r moves (including a l l t h e i r own units out of visible r a n g e of the enemy but within visible r a n g e of s o m e e l e m e n t of the t a s k f o r c e ) . Note they know the positions and d i r e c t i o n s with which a l l visible units s t a r t , but not w h e r e they will end up. After this m a n e u v e r p o r tion of the t u r n the s h e e t s a r e again superposed, and a l l visible units r e plotted, including those which have just heaved into sight. E a c h p l a y e r c a n then a s s i g n h i s f i r e power to those s h i p s which a r e i n range, and the die rolling can s t a r t . Once combat i s resolved, the p l a y e r s s e p a r a t e to plot the next maneuver, and s o o n until v i s u a l contact i s broken. F o r still greater realism an alternative way of s t a r t i n g battle i s suggested. During the sweep and s e a r c h portion of the game, e a c h player m a i n t a i n s a n up-

by-mail, and can be worked out by opponents using whichever s e t of r u l e s i s a g r e e d on. Once contact i s made, play can proceed much a s above, except that e a c h player m u s t keep two plots. The p r o c e d u r e i s a s follows: 1) o n a n a g r e e d date a f t e r contact, p l a y e r s exchange plots of a l l s q u a r e s which might be involved. Since a l l s h i p positions in the a r e a a r e now available to both p l a y e r s , i t will be obvious whether visual contact h a s been made, o r will be made during the hour. Ifnot, r e v e r t t o s e a r c h procedure. Once i t i s a g r e e d a t which hour and t i m e within the hour contact i s established 2) o n a n a g r e e d date, e a c h player plots h i s new (10 minute l a t e r ) position on both h i s and his opponent's p a p e r and r e t u r n s his opponent's sheet. 3) Upon r e c e i p t of the new move, the p l a y e r s bring both plots up to date and c a n now a s s i g n a firing p a t t e r n f o r a l l guns that b e a r . 4) On an a g r e e d date, f i r i n g p a t t e r n s a r e exchanged and combat resolved by die r o l l o r s t o c k l i s t i n g s a s usual. 5 ) R e s u l t s of c o m b a t a r e exchanged. P l a y e r s now r e v e r t to s t e p 2) and play continues 3), 4), 5) until v i s u a l contact i s broken.

by Thomas Webster

Thomas Webster, who is a long-time regular with AH, has expanded on the Blitzkrieg theme tailoring it to guerilla warfare. Like many AH'ers, Webster plays most all battle games well, seeking competition from such varied and sundry opponents such as college students, army veterans including a former 82nd Airborne paratrooper turned history professor at Western Michigan University.

L a s t y e a r I blasted the idea of a g u e r r i l l a w a r g a m e b a s e d on Vietnam. Now, however, I ' m s u r e a g r e a t fictitious g u e r r i l l a w a r g a m e can be made b a s e d on mainland southeast A s i a . I r r e g u l a r l y along the n a r r o w end edge of a Blitz s i z e b o a r d would b e one country penetrable only by friendly g u e r r i l l a s a n d allied r e g u l a r a r m y units. No enemy units m a y go into that country. Stretching away f r o m t h i s country (Really Big R e d - not s e r i o u s l y t h o ) a r e 7 s m a l l countries, each with i t s own a r m y and p a r t i c u l a r government ( 3 D e m o c r a t i c Republics, 2 military huntas, 1 Dictatorship, and 1 Monarchy o r whatever you l i k e ) . Nearly a l l t e r r a i n i s jungle. T h e r e could b e one o r two s e a c o a s t s . I suggest the outlines of the countries should be roughly s i m i l a r to the outlines of b o r d e r s of B u r m a , Thailand, Laos, N. Vietnam. Malaysia, Cambodia, and S. Vietnam. Population of the countries would be: West to e a s t b o r d e r i n g Red, 22 m i l lion, 20 m i l l . , 14 m . , 17 m . West

t o e a s t not b o r d e r i n g Red 25 million, 15 m i l l . , 16 m i l l . R e a l l y Big Red begins the game by sendi n g a d v i s o r s o r g u e r r i l l a s into the s m a l l c o u n t r i e s . S m a l l country g u e r r i l l a s t r e n g t h i s d e t e r m i n e d by proximity to and length of the b o r d e r with Red, population, type of government, and the die r o l l . Example: the countrywith 22 million people h a s a n 800 m i l e b o r d e r with Red, and a D e m o c r a t i c Republican gove r n m e n t . Red h a s e a s y a c c e s s into the country, but the f a i r l y stable-attractive government somewhat counterbalances R e d ' s influence. The die r o l l i s thusly: 1 - 10% of people join anti-gov. f o r c e s 2 , 3 - 20%. 4 , 5 - 30%, 6 - 40%. (The 70which does not become anti-gov. r e f l e c t s the s u c c e s s f u l government proj e c t s . ) The die r o l l r e p r e s e n t s the m a x i m u m n u m b e r of people which will willingly join the anti-gov. f o r c e s . T h i s n u m b e r i s not automatically given t o the g u e r r i l l a s . They m u s t work t o gain t h e s e people. Naturally, the people a r e c o r r e c t l y proportioned throughout the

THE GENERAL
country. The l a r g e r the g u e r r i l l a cont r o l l e d a r e a the m o r e people they cont r o l , the m o r e people will join them; but only to the max. of the d i e r o l l . All t h e s e people m a y fight with equal strength, which i s 112 a s good a s R e d ' s g u e r r i l l a s ( o r - 114 of the anti-gov. pop. m a y fight a t equal to R e d g u e r r i l l a s t r e n g t h , 112 a t 112 a s good, and 114 a t 114 Red g u e r r i l l a s t r e n g t h ) . Governments m a y a s k f o r help f r o m neighboring s m a l l c o u n t r i e s o r f r o m the outside big powers of G r e a t G r e e n , F a i r l y Tough Orange and Mediocre Blue. When c a s u a l t i e s of G r e a t G r e e n r e a c h 3070, F a i r l y Tough Orange r e a c h 250/0, and Mediocre Blue r e a c h 20% of total f o r c e committed r e s p e c t i v e l y , they m u s t r o l l the die (Home c o u n t r y ' s vote of confidence): 1 o r 2 m e a n s 1070 of f o r c e s withdraw e v e r y 4 months. When a n outside big power a c c e p t s the r e q u e s t the f i r s t thing done i s t o r o l l the die telling how many mouth int e r v a l s t o send t r o o p s the f i r s t y e a r . Then the die i s r o l l e d a g a i n a n d the number i s the a c t u a l n u m b e r of r e g i m e n t s sent t o t h a t country. A f t e r the previously d e t e r m i n e d number of months h a s elapsed f o r t r o o p r e p l a c e m e n t s , the die i s rolled and multiplied by 5 t o find the n u m b e r of r e g i m e n t s , then X 10 f o r the r e m a i n d e r of the y e a r . The die i s c a s t again f o r r e p l a c e m e n t i n t e r v a l s f o r the 2nd y e a r a n d the p r o c e d u r e r e p e a t s ( r e f l e c t i n g foreign policy a n d public opinion). When a s m a l l c o u n t r y ' s capitol i s captured by Red controlled g u e r r i l l a s , the r e m a i n i n g government f o r c e s m a y fight a s g u e r r i l l a s but m u s t be within a c e r t a i n n u m b e r of s q u a r e s of a n t i - r e d f o r c e s ; m a y move into a n y a n t i - r e d country a n d join' i t s f o r c e s ; m a y fight once before r e a c h i n g a l l i e s and move, but if twice attacked a r e destroyed; m a y not move into any Red o r neutral.country; may surrender in o r d e r that in the f u t u r e they m a y revolt, t r y a coup, e s c a p e t o a n o t h e r country, e t c . , o r b e l i b e r a t e d a n d join t h e i r l i b e r a t o r s , o r b e exchanged o r sold f o r r a n s o m . Red can f o r c e t h o s e who s u r r e n d e r t o fight but those f o r c e d a r e unreliable; o r Red m a y deport t h e m f o r l a b o r u s e , etc. Remaining s m a l l country f o r c e s m a y split, s o m e fighting, s o m e running, s o m e s u r r e n d e r i n g . The g u e r r i l l a s a r e a l l under one c o m m a n d e r , the o t h e r c o u n t r i e s a r e divided among the o t h e r p l a y e r s . The m o r e p l a y e r s the b e t t e r (for Really Big Red). A COUP can only b e t r i e d by s u r r e n d e r e d units p r e s s e d into s e r v i c e ; the enemy of Red m u s t b e locally s u p e r i o r , within a c e r t a i n n u m b e r of m i l e s of the s m a l l c o u n t r y ' s capitol, a n d c l o s ing; the Coupers m u s t have i n f e r i o r R e d f o r c e s between t h e m and the capitol a l so. . T h o m a s Webster, R2, Plainwell, Mich. 49080.

PAGE 10

Midway-Equilibrated
by C a r l G. Nelson After reading a r e c e n t a r t i c l e i n the GENERAL and doing s o m e r e s e a r c h on the a c t u a l Battle of Midway I have been doing s o m e s e r i o u s thinking about the AH g a m e s a s i t e x i s t s in the Battle Manual. The J a p a n e s e did have the upper hand in the actual battle a s f a r a s a n overwhelming f o r c e w a s concerned. However, the U. S. had one thing going f o r i t in the a c t u a l battle that does not e x i s t in the AH g a m e MIDWAY - S u r p r i s e ! The J a p a n e s e w e r e not expecting to find the U. S. C a r r i e r s anywhere n e a r Midway during the opening p h a s e s of the battle. In the g a m e the J a p a n e s e P l a y e r knows that the U. S. F l e e t i s awaiting and the a c t u a l s i z e of the f o r c e waiting. The longer the J a p a n e s e P l a y e r s holds off taking Midway the m o r e points accumulated by the U. S. P l a y e r . But, the f a c t r e m a i n s t h a t the game i s decidedly J a p a n e s e a l l the way even with the employment of the optiona l rules. Luck, e i t h e r good o r bad d e t e r m i n e s the outcome of the game and this luck i s in the r o l l of the die. Strategy can o v e r c o m e a few bad r o l l s of the die in a few c a s e s but not too much s o in the game of MIDWAY. Mr. M a r k Saviet, in h i s r e c e n t a r the ticle (Vol. 4, No. 2), suggested addition of night bombing a t t a c k s by B-17's and P T boats. I do not f e e l that these additions hold the a n s w e r to the problem. F i r s t of all, the idea i s to hold the game a s closely a s possible to the situation a s i t e x i s t e d a t the t i m e of the battle. The B- 17 did not prove a n effective weapon against ships a t s e a , especially f r o m high altitudes. Considering the f a c t that t h e r e i s no l o s s f a c t o r on the p a r t of the B-17 attacks, they m u s t be c o n s i d e r e d a s high a l t i tude attacks. At night the B- 17's could not find, l e t alone effectively, a t t a c k a fleet of s h i p s a t night. If the g e n e r a l a r e a where a group of s h i p s a r e located i s known a low altitude a t t a c k ( a l m o s t s e a l e v e l ) could be effective because the s h i p s would be silhouetted and t h e r e f o r e p r e s e n t a target. I do not know of any c a s e s w h e r e B-17's w e r e used a s torpedo planes. The defenders of Midway had such a n a i r c r a f t , a long r a n g e a i r c r a f t that could and did c a r r y t o r pedoes and proved itself f a i r l y effective during the w a r a s a night, long r a n g e a t t a c k a i r c r a f t . This w a s the PBY "Catalina". As the game now s t a n d s the J a p a n e s e P l a y e r has nothing to f e a r during the night hours, except a s u r f a c e contact and possible a t t a c k in this mann e r , but he still holds the advantage in this situation. By providing a means f o r the U.S. P l a y e r to a t t a c k a t night the J a p a n e s e player m u s t e x e r c i s e some caution. Another f a c t o r that s e e m s to have been over-looked i s the use of subm a r i n e s . The U. S. F l e e t had twelve of these c r a f t i n the vicinity of Midway Island b e s i d e s the s u r f a c e ships. One of these s u b m a r i n e s did g e t into a position f r o m which i t did launch a n attack against one of the J a p a n e s e C a r r i e r s . The r e s u l t s of this attack a r e disputed but the a t t a c k did take place. T h e r e f o r e , with the addition of the two torpedo l a u n c h e r s , I f e e l that the outcome of the game will depend m o r e on s k i l l then on luck. In the actual battle, torpedo attacks by these s y s t e m s did r e s u l t in damage to J a p a n e s e ships. I propose the following p r o c e d u r e s be adapted to employ these two s y s t e m s in the game. PBY's Add nine PBY1s to the game, this i s the approximate number of a i r c r a f t used in P a t r o l Squadrons in the Navy. Attacks conducted by these a i r c r a f t would only take place during the night h o u r s of play on ships sighted during the 1700 hour s e a r c h move. The U. S. P l a y e r d e t e r m i n e s to which zones he will send PBY1s and the number of PBY's to e a c h zone, not to exceed the number of PBY's t h a t he has. A PBY launched during the f i r s t night move c a n not be launched f o r a n a t t a c k during the second night move. The U. S. P l a y e r c a l l s off the zones in which he h a s PBY Is. The J a p a n e s e P l a y e r d i s c l o s e s if he h a s any s h i p s in the zones called off. If ships a r e located during t h i s procedure, these s h i p s a r e moved to the Battle Board. The U. S. P l a y e r s e l e c t s the ship he will attack. E a c h PBY m a y be used a g a i n s t only one t a r g e t during the a t t a c k phase of play. If m o r e than one PBY i s in the s a m e zone then e a c h m a y be used a g a i n s t s e p a r a t e t a r g e t s . If the s h i p the U. S. P l a y e r s e l e c t s to a t t a c k i s in the c e n t e r of the fleet, the Japanese P l a y e r r o l l s the die to d e t e r m i n e if the PBY i s able to p a s s the p e r i m e t e r s h i p s and r e a c h a favorable position f r o m which to launch i t s t o r pedoes against the t a r g e t selected. A r o l l on the die of a 1, 2, o r 3 indicates that the PBY was shot down p r i o r to reaching a favorable launch position. If the J a p a n e s e P l a y e r f a i l s to stop the PBY the U. S. P l a y e r then r o l l s the die to d e t e r m i n e the r e s u l t s of the attack.

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PAGE 11
A r o l l of a 1 o r 2 r e s u l t s in one hit on the t a r g e t selected, a r o l l of a 6 r e s u l t s in two hits. At the completion of the attack the PBY i s removed f r o m play and i s considered shot down. The r e a son being that the PBY was a v e r y slow a i r c r a f t and was an e a s y target. In penetrating to the c e n t e r of the fleet i t would be sighted by a t l e a s t one ship and fired upon, after launching i t s a t tack on the t a r g e t the e n t i r e f l e e t would be alerted and the possibility of withdrawing would be just about nil, t h e r e f o r e considered shot down. If, instead of selecting a ship within the f l e e t the U. S. P l a y e r s e l e c t s a ship on the p e r i m e t e r of the fleet he would have a better chance of attacking and not being sighted until too late. Therefore, on a n a t tack of this type the U. S. P l a y e r r o l l s the die f o r a determination of the r e sults of the attack and the Japanese P l a y e r does not g e t a chance a t firing a t the PBY. The PBY's will be able to attack any zone on the s e a r c h board. All attacks would be documented on the operations sheet f o r each move the s a m e a s in the r e s t of the game. Submarines The following twelve submarines a r e to be added to the game: USS Cachalot, USS Flying F i s h , USS Tambor, USS Trout, USS Grayling, USS Nautilus. USS Grouper, USS Dolphin, USS Gudgeon, USS Gato, USS Cuttlefish, and USS Grenadier. The initial move f o r the submarines will be the s a m e a s f o r the r e s t of the U.S. Fleet. The subs c a n move two zones p e r t u r n while on the surface and one zone p e r t u r n while submerged. If any sub i s sighted on the surface by the Japanese P l a y e r i t i s considered a s having been attacked and sunk. During the s e a r c h procedure the U. S. . P l a y e r m a y c a l l o u t the a r e a s in which he has submarines but he m u s t specify that the a r e a i s being s e a r c h e d by a submarine. The Japanese P l a y e r m u s t r e v e a l the zone within the a r e a so searched that he h a s ships in, however. he does not indicate the type of ships nor the number of ships, unless the ships happen to be in the s a m e zone a s the submarine. In this instance the battle board is not used, the U. S. Playe r indicates to the Japanese P l a y e r the type of ship that he will attack, c r u i s e r , battleship, etc. The Japanese P l a y e r then names the ships of the type called by the U. S. P l a y e r and the U. S. P l a y e r then specifies which ship i s the t a r g e t of the attack. The U. S. P l a y e r then r o l l s the die to determine the outcome of the attack, a r o l l of a 1, 2, o r 3 indicate the number of hits sustained by the ship selected a s a target, a r o l l of a 4, 5, o r 6 indicate that the attack was unsuccessful. The Japanese P l a y e r then r o l l s the die to determine the r e sults of a depth charge attack on the submarine. A r o l l of a 1 o.r 2 r e s u l t s in the submarine escaping the attack, a r o l l of a 3 indicates that the submarine i s damaged and i s withdrawn f r o m the game, a roll of a 4, 5, o r 6 indicates that the submarine was sunk. If m o r e than one submarine i s p r e s e n t in the s a m e zone each attack i s determined a s separate attacks. The o t h e r subm a r i n e s could also be used against other types of ships in the group sighted and under attack, o r even attack the s a m e ship being attacked by the f i r s t submarine. F o r each submarine sunk, the Japanese P l a y e r receives two points towards h i s score. The submarines a r e r e s t r i c t e d f r o m operating against the Japanese ships in zones G-5-E, H5-D, and H-5-G, these being the zones containing Midway, i t s atoll and the i s land of Kure. Attack can only take place when the submarine i s in the s a m e zone a s the Japanese ships. C a r l G. Nelson, 1813 Seventh St., P o r t Hueneme, Calif. 93041.

THE GENERAL
a l o t e a s i e r than i t sounds a t f i r s t , knowing the Union infantry i s understrength and t h e r e i s no artillery. The f i r s t step to victory c a l l s f o r the F i r s t and Eleventh Corps to f o r m the nucleus upon which the Union Army will form. They, like the cavalry, should not be risked too e a s y in battle. As the G r e y tide advances down f r o m the north, the Union f o r c e s should f o r m a single s t r a i g h t line facing north in the a r e a of the little Round Top. The c a valry should be on the flanks to protect the infantry and to be protected. You will note that the board i s m o r e n a r r o w E a s t to West than North to South. The strength of the defense i s not based on hopeless to defend hills, but overlapping firepower of units t h a t c a n n o t be flanked. When the Confederates a r e ready to c r u s h you around 4 P.M., r e t r e a t if need be to the third f r o m the bottom row. As new units a r r i v e , keep extending your flanks E a s t and West, maintaining a straight line. The Conf e d e r a t e s a r r i v i n g f r o m the north will have a long m a r c h to r e a c h you. By the time you a r e forced to fight, nothing c a n defeat you. The Union line by 7 P. M. will r e a c h a l m o s t f r o m one edge of the board to the other. Should the Confederates be bold enough to t r y to flank you, all you do i s move with them. They will soon grow t i r e d of this game and wait until noon of the second day f o r their cavalry in o r d e r to have "soak-off" units and flank units. By then, the union line will have no flanks and a s m a l l r e s e r v e of cavalry and, artillery. All that r e mains i s for Pickett to make his charge and die in a m a s s i v e Union counterattack crushing h i s flank o r flanks. My advice to any poor southernGene r a 1 i s to spend your Confederate money on Union War Bonds. Comments to: 2nd Lt. P. Stephen Gilliatt, P. 0. Box 19, Scott AFB, Ill. 62225.

Union Vicoy Made Easy

by 2nd Lt. Stephen Gilliatt Banning m o r e than average luck, the following plan should give the Union side an e a s y victory in Gettysburg '67. I t i s designed f o r those Generals who make their own "rules" and d e s i r e nothing but victory. F i r s t , note the following facts. The Union Cavalry of Devin and Gamble c a n not alone hope to hold any high ground o r stop the Confederates of Heth's division. A full enfilade by both cavalry units only produces 1-1 odds. Hardly anything to rejoice about! And, if the attack fails, a t l e a s t one of them i s doomed. Second, by the afternoon of the f i r s t day, the confederates a r e going to be vastly superior. The plan then i s simple enough, the Union a r e to avoid any battle except on their own t e r m s , in a position where they a r e tactically superior. This i s

As most historians would recal, the Union botched another one in this battle. Clearly numerically superior the North could have attained a smashing, ultimate victory had Meade's forces sported a relentless pursuit where annihilation of the South at the Potomac river could have been achieved. Thus, Lt. Gilliatt's plan isn't conceived for the underdog. Rather, its purpose is to help the Union player to a decisive victory at a stage earlier than was possible in the real event. Now, you Southern sympathizers how's about sending us a counter-plan for exter. mination of the Union forces

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THE GENERAL

Question Box
Afrika Korps May u n i t s move f r o m a plain s q u a r e to a r o a d l r o u g h t e r r a i n s q u a r e and u s e the r o a d bonus i n t h e s a m e t u r n ? A. Yes. Q. If t h e G e r m a n player u s e s h i s l a s t supply unit on the 1 s t May t u r n , and f a i l s to get supplies on the 2nd May t u r n , d o e s he r e m o v e a l l units and l o s e the g a m e ? A. No, but if he f a i l s t o get supplies on t h e 1 s t June t u r n he does lose all units and the game. Q . May t h e "Jews" battalion be worth s e v e r a l Allied B r i g a d e s ? A. No, but they m a y b e worth s e v e r a l Egyptian divisions.
Q.

Bismarck I s i t possible t o m o v e d i r e c t l y f r o m s q u a r e B4a t o s q u a r e A4d? A. No.

Q.

he s u c c e e d s i n destroying a l l ground u n i t s , a l l a i r units a r e d e s t r o y e d . If one ground f a c t o r r e m a i n s , the a i r u n i t s a r e untouched. ( 2 ) He may soak-off a g a i n s t the ground units ( a t no w o r s e than 1 - 6 ) and a t t a c k t h e city supply c a pacity. The defender m u s t e l i m i n a t e one f a c t o r of a i r f o r c e s f o r e a c h f a c t o r applied to the d e s t r u c t i o n of the city supply capacity. EXAMPLE: Blue h a s 8 TAC . f a c t o r s and 7 Infantry f a c t o r s i n VZO. R e d a t t a c k s with 10 S a c f a c t o r s . R e d m a y ( I ) a p p l y a l l a g a i n s t the infantry a t 1-2 odds. The a i r c r a f t will b e uneffected u n l e s s a l l infantry f a c t o r s a r e d e s t r o y e d in this a t t a c k . OR ( 2 ) R e d m a y apply 3 of h i s f a c t o r s a g a i n s t t h e infantry a s a soak-off ( r e s o l v e d on SAC t a b l e ) , and u s e the r e m a i n i n g 7 f a c t o r s a g a i n s t t h e city supply capacity. In t h i s c a s e , 7 Blue TAC f a c t o r s a r e e l i minated and city V20's supply capacity i s reduced t o 5. Q. A r e u n i t s on mountain o r city s q u a r e s doubled a g a i n s t SAC a t t a c k ? A . Yes. If the c h a r t c a l l s f o r the e l i mination of 5 f a c t o r s , the defender r e m o v e s only 3 f a c t o r s due t o the doubled situation.

Bulge If a unit m o v e s d i r e c t l y f r o m s q u a r e UU19 t o s q u a r e TT19, h a s i t used i t s e n t i r e movement allowance f o r that t u r n ? A. Yes. It IS possible t o move f r o m UU18 t o BB%, f r o m NN25 t o KK23, f r o m UU18 t o MM25, o r f r o m MM25 to RR30 i n one t u r n . It IS NOT possible t o move f r o m TT18 t o KK26, o r f r o m LL12 t o J J 1 4 i n , o n e t u r n . (We a s s u m e a movement f a c t o r of 4 h e r e ) .
Q.

Guadalcanal

Q. In Vol. 3, No. 2 of the G e n e r a l you s t a t e t h a t non-firing a r t i l l e r y may not b e f i r e d upon. Can o t h e r units in the s a m e s q u a r e a s non-firing a r t i l l e r y be hit? A. Yes. Say two a r t i l l e r y units and one infantry unit a r e on the s a m e s q u a r e . If e i t h e r of t h e a r t i l l e r y units f i r e s , the e n t i r e s q u a r e (including the non-firing a r t i l l e r y unit) i s f a i r g a m e . If, howe v e r , n e i t h e r a r t i l l e r y unit f i r e s , only t h e infantry unit i s subject t o h i t s f r o m incoming rounds.

Gettysburg '64
Q. May r e t r e a t i n g a r t i l l e r y units move through o r onto s q u a r e s containing f r i e n d l y infantry o r c a v a l r y ? A. Yes.

*Gtters
...

- Yes

We Get Letters
y

Waterloo If n o o t h e r r e t r e a t e x i s t s , m a y units move "back 2" through two wooded squares ? A. No, such u n i t s a r e eliminated.
Q.

Blitzkrieg 0. May SAC b o m b e r s b e u s e d to a i d in the reduction of m i n o r country c i t i e s ? A. Yes. Since you m u s t a l s o apply a t l e a s t 4 f a c t o r s of ground t r o o p s to capture' a m i n o r country city, t h i s i s a n exception t o the r u l e t h a t SAC a t t a c k s m a y not b e m a d e i n conjunction with ground f o r c e s . Q. May SAC be u s e d to. gain a u t o m a t i c victory a g a i n s t a unit if total elimination of the defender i s c e r t a i n no m a t t e r what the d i e r o l l ? A. Yes, but units advancing a s a r e sult of t h i s a u t o - v i c t o r y m a y not p a s s through the s q u a r e u n d e r SAC a t t a c k . They may, however, p a s s a d j a c e n t t o i t . Q. May a unit h e t r e a t a n unlimited number of s q u a r e s (up t o t h a t called f o r by t h e c h a r t ) through m o u n t a i n s ? A . Yes, Mountain s q u a r e s do not effect retreats. Q. What happens when a SAC a t t a c k i s m a d e a g a i n s t a city containing both ground and a i r u n i t s ? A. The a t t a c k e r h a s two options: ( 1 ) he may a t t a c k the ground units only. If

D e a r Avalon Hill; Going through my p o s s e s s i o n s I found the War P l a n s f o r G e r m a n y , F r a n c e , B r i t a i n , and o t h e r w a r r i n g , N a tions. T h i s m a y sound i m p o s s i b l e , should w r i t e implausible, b u t a m o n g m y s t o r e d p o s s e s s i o n s w e r e t h e s e plans, and t h e r e i s a page total of 308. To substantiate m y information, which I d o not think you doubt, the w o r k w a s p r e p a r e d under t h e d i r e c t i o n of R e a r A d m i r a l P. Colomb. Other o f f i c e r s of the B r i t i s h A r m y , and a d v i s o r s ( a l l named t h e r e i n ) a r e l i s t e d . So, in 1893, evidently Intelligence w a s w e l l - p r e p a r e d f o r eventualities, but l i k e d e m o c r a c i e s , slow t o a c t . The work, printing, that i s , w a s done a t the University of Edinburgh, " P r i n t e r s t o H e r Majesty". I sent my " c a r d " f o r "JUTLAND" t o you F r i d a y . S t r a n g e , but I s t a r t e d in 1945, a f t e r m y r e t u r n f r o m Okinawa (did t h r e e f i r s t - d a y i n v a s i o n s , demolition squads, no l e s s , and a t 38 y e a r s of a g e ) t o a s s e m b l e books and data r e g a r d i n g World War I, and quite successfully. I note you have one " a d v e r t i s e r " f r o m T e r r a c e P a r k , Ohio, saying he h a s J a p O r d e r of Battle f o r Okinawa. I g r i n . Wonder if he h a s the SNAKE INFORMATION? If not, then HE w a s n ' t on the Beach a t Suicide Bay, and knew OUR PLAN O F BATTLE. I have no d e s i r e t o "make money",

but if a n y of o u r Battle Buffs want a n y War P l a n s , p a r t i c u l a r l y previously mentioned, they can w r i t e t o m e . I ' m not i n t h e m a r k e t t o m a k e a n y money, a n d I'll do what I did inHonolulu--write t h e m up, have t h e m mimeographed a t c o s t . A s f o r AVALON HILL, I know you have your "hands full" with this bunch of "battle nuts", but if I have any m a t e r i a l o r information you thinkmight help, l e t m e know. I ' m just a "beaten up, w a r s c a r r e d P a c i f i c Vet1' t h a t ' s int e r e s t e d in AVALON HILL'S g a m e s , but not t o the extent of profit f o r myself. If you wish y o u m i g h t r u n the following in "GENERALt1: World War I batt l e s , World War 11, P a l a u , Guadalcanal, Saipan, Okinawa, Russell Islands, o t h e r s . Have much information, official plans, c a m p a i g n s , not f o r your money, though. A s k , if I can a n s w e r it, y o u r s f o r m i m e o , postage. WW I Battle P l a n s , p r e p a r e d 1893. F i n a l . My o f f e r s a r e good, but d e s t r o y the l e t t e r , I don't want t o sound like a hero. S t e w a r t C. McLeish, 85 Garland S t r e e t , E v e r e t t , M a s s . 02149.

Sorry-we can't publish your ad; you know our rules regarding opponents wanted ads, only, in this column. But we've honored your only you request to destroy your letter . and I will ever know-ED.

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PAGE 13

Winners
all

- - Contest #22

THE GENERAL

OPPONENTS WANTED ADVERTISEMENT

Please print or type your advertisement on the spaces provided below, maximum (including your name and address) 35 words per ad.

The tremendous r e s p o n s e to t h i s cont e s t w a s highly encouraging. Our e d i t o r s w e r e simply a m a z e d a t the number of s u b s c r i b e r s who obviously a r e f a m i l i a r with Avalon Hill games. L i t e r a l l y thousands of e n t r i e s w e r e r e c e i v e d , 127% of which submitted p e r f e c t p a p e r s . Thus, the w i n n e r s l i s t e d below w e r e drawn a t r a n d o m f r o m the group of p e r f e c t ones. Another 20%, a t l e a s t , m i s s e d being p e r f e c t f o r one answer. Winners a r e : D. Scott P a l t e r , C e d a r h u r s t , N. Y. Don McCamy, Union Grove, Ala. P a u l P e r l a , P i t t s b u r g h , Pa. John Macciocchi, Cape May, N. J. Ray Saunders, Alexandria, Va. J i m Silverman, P i t t s b u r g h , Pa. Bill Haggart, Whittier, Calif. C h r i s C h a m n e s s , Pomona, Calif. J i m Myles, St. Louis, Mo. J i m Loehr. San J o s e , Calif. A $6.00 G I F T CERTIFICATE h a s been awarded e a c h of the winners.

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35 WORDS

All ads are inserted as a free service to full-year subscribers. Only one ad per subscriber per issue is allowed. Ads will not be repeated from issue to issue, however, subscribers may re-submit the same ad, or new ads, for each succeeding issue. Ads received after the 15th of the month preceding publication will appear in the following issue. N o ads will be accepted unless printed on this form.

CONTEST
Now that you a r e a l l adept a t r e c o g n i z i n g m i l i t a r y units ( a s p e r l a s t i s s u e ' s contest) l e t ' s s e e how well you f a r e in determining actual battle odds in hypothetical situations. We have reproduced the actual troop c o u n t e r s engaged in battle. You m u s t d e t e r m i n e exactly what the Combat R e s u l t s Table odds a r e in e a c h c a s e taking into c o n s i d e r a tion t e r r a i n f e a t u r e s of the r e s p e c t i v e games. Since only the g r i d coordinates a r e l i s t e d we s u g g e s t that you s e t up e a c h situation on the playing boards. (Of c o u r s e you have to f i g u r e out, f i r s t , which g a m e s a r e involved. ) The contestants who s u b m i t perfect, o r n e a r p e r f e c t e n t r i e s will be awarded $6. 00 Gift Certificates. E n t r i e s m u s t be p o s t m a r k e d no l a t e r than F e b r u a r y 10, 1968. E n t r a n t s m a y s u b m i t copies o r photostats -- one to a s u b s c r i b e r only. Vote f o r B e s t 3 A r t i c l e s All e n t r a n t s m u s t l i s t what they p e r sonally f e e l a r e the t h r e e b e s t a r t i c l e s in this issue. This selection h a s no bearing on the c o n t e s t r e s u l t s , but ent r i e s not containing this information will be voided.

Don't f o r g e t t o vote on what a r e the t h r e e b e s t a r t i c l e s of t h i s i s s u e . . r e c o r d your votes w h e r e provided on the Contest E n t r y blank.

Subscriber Discount. ..
The Coupon shownbelow i s f o r the benef i t of the full-year s u b s c r i b e r . A s soon a s you have accumulated 4 such c m pons, 1 e a c h f r o m t h i s and succeeding i s s u e s , you a r e entitled t o a $1.00 d i s count applied t o the p u r c h a s e of a n y Avalon Hill g a m e s , p a r t s , play-bym a i l equipment a n d the G e n e r a l . H e r e ' s how i t w o r k s Each coupon i s worth 25$. But one coupon alone d o e s not entitle you t o a 25f c r e d i t . You m u s t accumulate 4 different coupons b e f o r e taking advanta g e of the $1.00 c r e d i t . When you have accumulated 4 coupons, then you clip t h e m a l l together and send t h e m i n with your o r d e r f o r a n Avalon Hill game. When o r d e r i n g in t h i s m a n n e r , you simply send u s a check o r m o n e y - o r d e r f o r $1.00 l e s s than t h e u s u a l r e t a i l v a l u e of the game.

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AVE THIS COUPON

OOD TOWARD THE PURCHASE O F A L L AVALON HILL PRODUCTS

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THE GENERAL

PAGE 14

Survey,. ,
One of o u r New Y e a r ' s r e s o l u t i o n s is to concentrate o n improving the editorial content of this magazine. You can help u s do this by filling o u t the following survey. Check the YES column if you wish such a r t i c l e s continued; check NO if you f e e l they a r e a w a s t e of paper. If you check MAYBE, p l e a s e e l a b o r a t e i n the space below. Avalon Hill Philosophy Infiltrator's Report
J
Moraudcrs ISCSI 814 Hilda Streef Anaheim. Californta 92806 D e . Totcnkopf SS 954 K i n l w a k C h a l l VlSLI. CaLifornia 92011 spartam wargamcr. 5820 John Avcnue Long BElCh, Clliforni1 90805 G.alc.fcr. o f s m Francisco 68 Sylvan Drive Sen Franci.eo. Caltfornia 94132 L.eig.tmndnrte 55 15515 Dclgado Drive Sherman Oak.. C a l d o m i a SS Pnnrcr D~vlsion Leibstandnrte A d d H,tlcr 5050 Coldwater WB08 Sherman o a k s , Cahforni= 91403 Gun" K n c g s p t d Society IGKSI 879 Cedro Way Stmford. Califordo 94305 co1.3. l a , Leglo" 75 So. Allison Doaver. Colorado 80116

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Avalon Hill Game Clubs...

The Spartmn Gladiator

Report Dcr Armvogcl

The SPARTAN Neutral Lraguel Fo. people in the area who want weekly play. A chance m G u n i f r e e game, money. a trophy or rcsopltion. PBM players can enjoy the some bcncfifa.

Individualism, recognition for wargrmtmg acsomphshmcnt#; c,..c,y-hit, highly org.m.rd club; 11mo.t d i m i t e d opning. for high rank the good feeling you get when you're with fellow ~ r 0 f e . S i o n . L warz=mor.. C o m p t l t i o n for f r e e primes. PBM pads, cash awards, trophyl, etc.. a1.o creation of new games and AH varimts. Honesty. It 1 . a demosrallc club with monthly clcstlons. A11 we w=nt to do is play An game. tho way they . b a l d be played.

Glldlntor Report

John Murphy

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Cash a w l r d s are g l v m for new mtratogles and ovorwhelmtng vlstoric.. The slvb i. run most dcmosratisally.
=tub ~ ~ r g a ~ n .i n ag highly ~ ~ ~ ~ baais. e t i AII t i ~ ~ us have 4 o r m o r e years Of experience at Ill sides of 111 games

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and therefore we have C h 0 . S . to . p s i d i s c on 01. Germ." side a . we enjoy i t moat and arc d l okilbd a t armourcd warfare.

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Contests Dealer Listing Opponents Wanted Question Box Club News Historical Articles L e t t e r s to the E d i t o r Humorous/Satiracle articles P l a n s f o r Specific Games

burcausr.sy due to e m d l .ire (due in turn to o u r .mg,e .sbo01 . a t " = . ) rcsalting i n rrlduy au.,i.blc 0ppo"ente L great opporhlnity for .d"ne.ment.
LE.S

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- o n e finiahcd l ~ ~ i t s k r i c Sca.Adapfation) g one still vndcr dcsizn 18ascd o n tho Murmanak convoy).

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4th Rclsh 711 Woodsdale Road Wilmington. Delaware 19809 4th SS Paoser Army 111 COlby Hartford, C ~ n n c s t i s v l06106 The Army of New Zion Box 295 Kailua. Hawall 96714

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ANL Newslottor

We believe the 4th Rcish IS the momt olito club i n the U. S. New mrmhor, aren't admitted until they have proven positivo1y that they arc superior wargarner,. our . o l e aim la to drvclop the highest p o e s i b h skill i n Avalon HIU game.

The 4th SS i8 a somplst, local organization of wnrgamcrs meeting frcqwntly for hce-to-face games. We discuss strategies. create our o m game. am* travel f o r touruamcnt. a . well a . play-by-mail.
Freedom of choice. seriou. wargaming and good org.ni..tlon. do not indulge In shi1di.h claim. . f ",story but play for fun. W E

U. L. T.R. A. 5118 W. Belmont Chisago. Illinois 60641

A.H. wargaming Club 1131 Wesley Avenve Evanoton. Illinois 60201 Revenger Legion 413 Colorado Avenue Aurora. I l l i n o ~ s 60506 The General Staff 1801 woodiam D~~~~ Baltimore, Maryland 11107 Wchrmacht 67 Lawlor Sf. Holvokc. . Masaashusctts We Conquer A L L (WCA) 51 C-rover Road Natlsk. Mas#acbusea.Ol76l The Aggressor HomeLmd 5131 Junlata Street Duluth. Mlnnolota 55804 p a n r c r Lchr 561 Bcausaire Drive St. Louts. Missouri 63122 Richard h s k c
5

. . . . . . . . . . . . -

I I
A r t i c l e s on t a c t i c s and s t r a t e g y of a g e n e r a l nature A r t i c l e s on Non-AH games
Ken h w r s 6

I I I 1 1 1
I

A variety of qualiflod opponmt. or comrade. -dcpend'ing upon y o u in different types of mtratcgy h .who arc *re trvlr interested in *d enjoy A"&= Hill to the falleat. w e fael rbatovrsl"boffor. and team-play.
the benefit.
of.

new cont.st..

.mg,c

Tom Jerrcll

Inter-club c*mpetition an* all shlllenger. accepted as soon a . pos1,blc. The General SWf provides ."i,*hlc compctit,on for those .tu. dents of Woodlawn Senior Htgh School mteresled i n play~ng Avalon HUL game..
A new club with DppDrtvnitirs of high poe,t,on. looktng forward to a day when .I, stat.. will hlvc mem. A flcdgllng club.

DonaLd Klllgallo"

20

Michael NlCholSO"

26

Galmmg crpcrirncr, friendship. with other member. I c r o . . tho nlfion, tournament. aga1n.t other top club.. and the p.,v,ieg. of grOw1"g with w .

",stor

Gervol. Jr.

110

We offer rapid a d u m s c m c ~ for t skt11ed player. and dedicated officers. o u r sommnnders are sincerely mtcrc.te.3 in improv-",tmg "Tg'ming.

W~LliamEck

lo

OTHERS (Your thoughas)

I m p r i a l Guard. 351A Oak Court Clasgow AFB Montana ThWd Retch 114 Ptcrce a r e c t B d f a h New York 14206 Army of the H"d.0" 73 W. 175th Streef Brow. New York 10453

Bill Gray

W E believe PANZER LEHR offer0 a challenge to d e d t c a l d wargamere. Through Ltmtted m.mbe..hip we hope m develop a" elite wargameis. a , , .dv.nscmnt ,I by number of
v~~torie., Mt .c.lority.

nr,ng about play among the older teenage wargamera.

Organized tournament. with other clubs. Great p o s a ~ b ~ l to ~ty .d*ance, p.rt,s,pat,on In ,err,tor,* conqwst. We feel that our club offer. the hoefit. of sentraliration and 0rg.n~ration. we. a.0. Dave a wide variety of game..

Club Registration
All clubs a r e urged to r e g i s t e r with Avalon Hill. A complete r o s t e r will he published in the next issue with supplemental listings added in each subsequent edition. Prerequisite in the registration of bonafide clubs i s the information requested below. There i s no registration deadline. However, i t will be to each club's advantage to register a s e a r l y a s possible. The only absolute requirement i s the listing of names and a d d r e s s e s of three club officers and the affidavit that there a r e a t l e a s t 6 persons with membership in the said club.

We play:

[7 face-to-face.

only

0PBM,

only

Both

Membership dues (if any) are: We: We:

3. Age Limitations:

0 are

m a r e not accepting new members.

0 conduct

do not conduct tournaments between other clubs.

We publish a newsletterlmagazine entitled for $ We: published every

0would 0would not be interested in traveling to attend a

our club offers the benefits
of:

gaming conference. We feel that

Club Name Ma.fiing Address

(50 words o r l e s s )

Officer's Names AFFIDAVIT: C u r r e n t membership i s nowpersons.

(An o f f i c e r ' s signature)

"I a s s u r e you, Senator, we will give your nephew's solid fuel s y s t e m the attention i t d e s e r v e s ! "

THE GENERAL
P e r h a p s the m o s t affluent of a l l w a r game magazines i s S t r a t e g y & T a c t i c s ( s e e i l l u s t r a t i o n ) now available both d i r e c t m a i l and over the hobby s t o r e c o u n t e r s . Write f o r t h e i r colorful b r o chure: Box 11-187, Dept. G, Loudonville, New York 12211.

Kampbgruppe VIPER 275 Long Bra& Road Hlmpstead.NcwYork 1,550 Milifary 'racttss * . m e " 39-30 Glenwood Street LttU* Neck. New Tor* Praetorian c u r d 1000 O a l a n d Avenue Monroe.Nrw York 10950 South Shore V i e m i m a 24 Harbor dvenve 1.11p. New =or* ,175, Obcrbcfchlshnber K i p s ~ e 21 swc.ccon Drive wapptnger, F a , , . . New Y o r * ,2590 ROWOC 715 Myrtle Terrace Park. Ohio Barblrians 4004 S.E. Pine Street Portland. Oregon 97114 Hard c o r p s 3716 Sasadrass Street E r i e , Penn.ylvania S.P.E.C.T.R.E.11 111 Pen" street Hanover. . Pennsvlvania 11311 World Wldc Control 6650 Beacon SIrccf P~ttaburgh.Penna. 15117

.
politic., m.ga.ioE to all member#.

Challenge; tho PBM players play excellently; and social enjoyment; for if yo" arc interested i n military history, you can p t n . We feel that our club offere the benefits of providtag 1 . , unth opponent. 11s many as they want) rnd .im"lfa.eous,y an outlet br the mi1im.y app,ic.t,o.. of our members member. provldc.

S m d i sire, fncndly atmoephcrc. no dues, no p r c s s u r e l , s a m e age g r o w and ..tere.t.. Richard K. Wheeler I, It This club g w e a "a the chance to "Be the majorxty of war game.. also g w c a . u a chance to 1c.m the hdw *"d what that go ,"to the game.. When we have n PBM game we make a so we hlvc nw command LcvclS. Local competition i n cmc,Dn.ti, .hare what 0thc.l have. W. Garold White
oo momhers cisewt.erc.

A11

Local CompDtltion amongst member. , c r e a s e s their individl u l akilla. Our ages are f r o m 17 to 31 and we cover the whole apeetrvm of intLrelts f r o m wargam1r.g to sports games.
Being
CIU~..

alltea with Spectre.

we

W E pardc~pate tn tournamento with other also .laed ~ i the a 14th ~~~~~d~~~ UI ~ r m y .

Experience; a refined ranking .,.,em based on combat erperian* ccin,f,c.tcs of achicvcment. cncc: campaign ribbon.;

steven R y . " . t Eric Younklns

Scott Dvncan

10

1nter"allon.l Fcdcrltlon o f wargam1ng 101 Spring Malvern.PennsyIvania 19355

75

High Command positions: our s l a b game "The Second World War. Europe', which has aLmost 3000 o r n s t of aU t y p e s . Exart navies L a ~ forces r of World W a r I1 in our tovrnnmcnt games. Unified Ratin. Srstem. We are not a "club". We =re fed. of slabs and wargamerr. w e do not force our mcmb.r.hip to fight ,'war." or taka PBM. we do not conduct touinamenrs. we do however march ci*. w l d i n the federltion i l they so d r s t r c .

- .
1

w e arc merely we try to Panrerfaust.

X Corps Confederate Army

natiolu, .nard vmlt for the state of Pcn..yl".ni*. wargamtng by our *upport of such groups as P.O. W.

John Rockbols Box U-3313 USC . 19108 Columbia, S. C Forrest'. calvary Wlllum Z~clke 1365 Rtdgrfleld C i r ~ l ~ Chattmooga. Tennessee 37412

The Star8 k Bars

H ~ ~ ~ ~ rffihation ~ r i s a l with the South in particular and *nth Carohna in general. A close knit fraternity of USA brothers. Wc feel that our club offer the benrflto of. A. MnNre wargaming B. Southern Hosplfallty C. P o l i t i s a Dlrsu.sion. Play by mail crpc?ience. A p r . o n play. 1 . many gamea a. he dssirea. we try to away. meet the desire. of our
. L . . .

..-...-----.... . . . . . . . . . -

Mar* Imperial Maximva Legton. 3200 McGavock Place Doneison. Tennessee SHAT - Dorsal Mike n a c y 2101 W. 1rring Bl"d. #204 Irvlng.lenncm#ee 75060

12

-----.--.-.--.. we offor m d expect seriou.

courier

RE* ''ion.

BtI1 Stone

66

Box 5 1 1 Frrderlcksburg. Va. 11401 OKW Robert J. B c p a 7 0 1 N. Hope Street . Phoebus. V l r g ~ n i a 23963
nanz.1 Sqnad 23124 25th W. A l d e r w o d Manor, Washington 98096

...---.....-...

comperirion. we have pledgcdnLvcr to terminarc a game. We follow AHIKS r u l e . . We arc young but will tokc on anybody. ~ ~ ktwurecn ofher ~ ELU~S and ~ among ~ ~ ~~ s e l ~ s ~s . Game designers flourish and new members can ldvlnco to high echelon po.it,onr. A highly orgaoize* command staff. nationwide membermhip, cffislc., ,mp.rta.ce. d mail sorrcspondmsr, excellent wargarner.. and ~ " d i ~ i d Competition with other club# and 1 special Htgh-law Command Towmamcnt within our clvb for a p n r c and promotlo".

Rod Randall

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

An excellent organizational directive h a s been s e c r e t e d t o o u r offices. It l i s t s , in g r e a t detail, the Organizational C h a r t of the Spartan W a r g a m e r s . It l i s t s affiliate clubs, plans, and guide l i n e s f o r the c r e a t i o n and sustaining of wargame organization. F a r too a lengthy t o be r e p r i n t e d h e r e , we sug. g e~s t thet next b e s t thing: w r i t e t o Spartan W a r g a m e r s , 5820 John Avenue, Long Beach. Calif. 90805 - a s k f o r Directive NO. 4-C-1281. The box cover design f o r Jutland i s a reproduction f r o m a n oil painting by Colonel Donald L. Dickson, now editor of Leatherneck Magazine and m e m b e r of A v a l o n H i l l t s t e c h n i c a l a d v i s o r y staff. His painting i s of the G e r m a n Battle C r u i s e r Von d e r Tann. Hats off to J a m e s Misch f o r h i s Vol. 4 , No. 3 a r t i c l e " T o u r n a m e n t B i s m a r c k , " which w a s voted b e s t a r t i c l e by subs c r i b e r s . O t h e r s receiving $5.00 gift c e r t i f i c a t e s f o r outstanding a r t i c l e s in t h i s i s s u e were: G a r y Zintgraff, "The B e s t Invasion A r e a -- D-Day;" Mark Weitz f o r "Stop Glorifying the Nazis;" J a m e s C. E s c h w e i l e r f o r "The Indirect Approach;" and J a r e d Johnson f o r " M a s t e r y of Midway." But in Vol. 4, No. 4, a close r a c e f o r kudos developed with Michael W. Leach's, "Vary Your Play" edgeing Captain Frankiewicz and Myron Brunda g e ' s " P r i n c i p l e s of War" a r t i c l e f o r top honors. O t h e r s receiving the gift c e r t i f i c a t e s w e r e : E r i c S h i m e r , "Blitzk r i e g f o r the Depraved;" Geoff Burkman, "Gettysburg Expanded;" and J i m Arnold, "Morale in Waterloo. " "Our man" a b o a r d the C o r a l Sea r e p o r t s their v i r t u a l "destruction of Haiphong's communications with the world.'' Having e a r n e d a r e s p i t e f r o m this a c tion, s e a m a n B r i a n Babcock and shipm a t e s have r e t u r n e d to the m o r e exciting business a t hand AH gaming, what else ?

Cavalier.

5102

- 6Z"d

E d BLnckbum

Everett. Wash. 98102

Pacd~c Northvent w a r came. AaSociation (PNWWGA) 3934 S. W. *"th.." SortUe. Washincton 98116 Blifr Drashc'. 5400 N. 64th Street M,lw."k.c. w,.sor..,n

hugla.

B~~~~~~~~

I6

OpPO(ILnt* Guide

a s r o y d c w t e d 0 the impr.vement

t o u .* m .t .

Uniting the uarioua fasttons of wargaming >athe Pacific N0rthwc.t of w.rg,,g through the u g .. and 1 yearly convcnt,.r..

into

of

Erncet Simmerma.

......------...

Gaining new tactic.. new ideas, being able to help 1 n v c . t . a h . strategies. and meet other opponenU.

new games.

9
The Infiltrator's Report
Sugar-coated education: J a m e s R. McLaughlin, a n i n s t r u c t o r a t the P a u l K. Cousino Senior High, Warren, Michigan, i n f o r m s u s that BLITZKRIEG h a s been integrated into t h e i r U. S. History c o u r s e . We don't c l a i m that t r a n s f e r r i n g t o t h i s school will t e a c h you any m o r e h i s t o r y , but you'll have a heckuva lot m o r e fun l e a r n i n g it. The C o u r i e r , official news o r g a n of Red Lions, h a s c r o s s e d into o u r poss e s s i o n . Vol. 1, No. 5, r e p o r t s , a n d speculates, a t length on the internal civil w a r b e f a l l e n A g g r e s s o r Homeland. A g g r e s s o r Homeland h a s split into two factions: The L o y a l i s t s , headed by the Gervol- Libby-Rancourt faction, v e r s u s the R e f o r m i s t s under the Sullivan-HallKruger l e a d e r s h i p . With s o many subfactions aligning and re-aligning t h e m s e l v e s it could b e a long civil w a r . To k e e p a b r e a s t of t h e s e events, and o t h e r s , inquire a t t h e Red Lions stronghold: Box 547, F r e d e r i c k s b u r g , Va. 22401.

F o r the dedicated h i s t o r i a n s , a m o n g the many i n t e r e s t i n g a r t i c l e s of The S t o r m t r o o p e r i s the Shiloh O r d e r of Battle f o r the Union side. (October i s sue). And coming up in the January i s sue of t h i s magazine will be the beginning of a s e r i e s on the command s t r u c t u r e , set-up, organizational methods, e t c . , of A g g r e s s o r Homeland. probably the l a r g e s t w a r g a m e club in the country. Congrats t o a r t i s t R i c h a r d B l a e s f o r h i s s a t i r i c a l c a r t o o n s that tone-up November's up-tight edition, available f r o m John Rancourt, Room 316 Aroostock Hall, University of Maine, Orono, Maine

..

If you a r e i n t e r e s t e d in s p o r t s g a m ing in addition to wargaming, P a n z e r f a u s t has goodies f o r you. Write: Box 280, RD $2, Sayre. Penna. The Tank, emanating f r o m the h a l l s of higher learning a t Cambridge, M a s s 4371 Burton House. 420 M e m o r i a l D r . . t o be exact, continues i t s a r t i c u l a t e e x poses of just about everything-wargaming. Of p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t in t h e i r October i s s u e was a n a r t i c l e entitled, "How t o Get the Blood a n d Thunder of WWII Without the Thud and Blunder of WWI " Nice.