Contents
1. Introduction
2.
3. 4. 5.
1. Introduction
How does a boiler works?
A boiler is a water containing vessel which transfers heat from a fuel source (oil, gas or coal) into steam which is piped to a point where it can be used to run production equipment, to sterilize, to provide heat, to steam-clean, etc. The energy given up by the steam is sufficient to convert it back into the form of water. When 100% of the steam produced is returned to be reused, the system is called a closed system. Since some processes can contaminate the steam, so it is not always desirable to feed the condensate back into the boiler. A system that does not return the condensate is called an open system.
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1. Introduction
Closed system
1. Introduction
Open system
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3. 4.
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Burner modulation
Air/Fuel cross-limiting Total heat control
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Fuel and air requirements are continuously matched to the combustion demand
Steam pressure or hot water temperature is maintained within closer tolerances Greater boiler efficiency Weighted average flue gas temperature is lower
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(In the case of heavy oil combustion at exhaust gas temperature of 250 C and atmospheric temperature of 20 C) 31 September 23, 2004
Note: The data shown in the above table are calculated on an assumption of improvement of energy loss = full reduction ratio, therefore the combustion efficiency of the boiler must be taken into account for calculating fuel reduction rate accurately. Fuel reduction ratio will therefore be least several percent higher in actuality. 32 September 23, 2004
The detector and converter weigh about 1.6kg and 3.5kg respectively.
Instrument equipped with indicator and transmitting function Alarm and control functions available
The converter is equipped with an indicator that permits direct readout of the oxygen concentration transmitting output function or RS485 communication. Though compact it is compact and lightweight in design, the converter consists of an oxygen concentration setting mechanism as well as alarm setting and control circuits that can transmit control signals.
5. 6.
Lost cost
Comparing Zircomat-P with other conventional oxygen analyzers it is much more economical in cost.
Easy maintenance
Zircomat-P assures easier maintenance comparing to other conventional oxygen analyzers and can be used under severe site conditions for a long time.
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0 to 2 ~ 50% Within 0.5% maximum output signal 2% full scale With 7 seconds 100, 115, 220 or 230 Vac, 50/60Hz 15 + 50VA 15minutes Direct insertion type zirconia detector -20~+600 C or -20~+1,590 C -3~+3kPa (-306~+306mmH2O) -20~+60 C or -5~100 C 4~20mA or 0~1Vdc 3-digits LED 16-digits LCD 03 x LED Panel or Pipe Mounting RS-485
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Converter
Based on Article 4, Clause 1 of the law regarding rational use of energy (Law No. 49 published in 1979), judging standard for enterprisers at factories (Notification No. 467 of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, dated October 1979) has been amended on October 26, 1979 (Notification No. 559 of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry) to specify standard air ratio.
1. Boilers
Classification Load Ratio (%) 75~100 75~100 75~100 75~100 Standard air ratio Solid Fuel 1.2~1.3 1.2~1.3 Liquid fuel Gaseous fuel 1.05~1.1 1.1~1.2 1.2~1.3 1.3 Blast furnace gas 1.2 1.3 -
For electrical enterprise Evaporation rate exceeding 30ton/hr Evaporation rate from 10~30ton/hr Evaporation rate not exceeding 10ton/hr
1.05~1. 1 1.1~1.2
1.2~1.3 1.3
Others
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1.3
1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3
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The End
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