B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, JANUARY 2012. First Se ester !" 2111# ENGINEERING !

"YSI$S % I &$' '( t' )** +r)(ches, &Re-.*)ti'(s 200/, Time: Three hours Maximum: 100 marks A(s0er A11 2.esti'(s !ART A % &10 3 2420 )r5s,

1. What are direct and inverse piezoelectric effects? 2. Give the principle used in measurement of velocit of !lood flo". #. What is meant ! population inversion? $. %ame the properties of laser& "hich are makin' it suita!le for industrial applications. (. ) fi!re ca!le has an acceptance an'le of #0* and a core index of refraction of 1.$. +alculate the refractive index of the claddin'. ,. What are the main re-uirements of li'ht sources used in fi!er optic communication? .. What is /a lei'h01ean2s la" of radiation? 3. 4or a free particle movin' "ithin a one dimensional potential !ox& the 'round state ener' cannot !e zero. Wh ? 5. ) unit cell has the dimensions a 6 ! 6 c 6 $..$7 and a 6 8 6 6 ,0*. What is its cr stal structure? 10. 9efects in cr stals are not al"a s harmful. 1ustif . ? !ART B % &63 174/0 )r5s,

11. :a; :i; <xplain the functions of =>%)/. :$; :ii; What is an acoustic 'ratin'? :#; :iii; ?o" is it used in determinin' the velocit of ultra sound? :5; >r

:!; <la!orate on the three different ultrasonic %9T scans and their displa s "hich are in common practice. :1,; 12. :a; :i; 9istin'uish !et"een spontaneous and stimulated emissions of radiation. :$; :ii; Wh is population inversion necessar for laser action? :$; :iii; What are different pumpin' mechanisms used in lasers? Give an example for each. . :3; >r :!; :i; 9iscuss the construction and "orkin' of a %d : @)G laser. :3; :ii; What are its advanta'es? :#; :iii; <xplain an t"o industrial applications of lasers. :(; 1#. :a; :i; <xplain total internal reflection "ith suita!le dia'rams. 9efine acceptance an'le and numerical aperture. 9erive expressions for them. :2A$A$; :ii; ?o" are optical fi!ers classified !ased on modes and refractive index profile? ?o" are si'nals transmitted throu'h them? :,; >r :!; :i; What is meant ! attenuation? 9iscuss the different mechanisms "hich are responsi!le for attenuation in the optical fi!er. :2 A 3; :ii; <xplain the "orkin' of a displacement sensor in detail. :,; 1$. :a; Bsin' Cuantum theor derive an expression for the avera'e ener' emitted ! a !lack !od and arrive at Dlanck2s radiation la" in terms of fre-uenc . =tate the assumptions !efore startin' the derivation. :1,; >r :!; What is the principle of transmission electron microscope? 9ra" the construction of transmission electron microscope and explain its "orkin'. Give its advanta'es& disadvanta'es and applications. :2 A 3 A ,;

:a; :i; 9istin'uish !et"een primitive cell and unit cell. 9escri!e the diamond structure What t pe of !ond is present in diamond? :2A3A2; :ii; Eron has F++ structure "ith atomic radius >. 12#7. 4ind the lattice constant of the unit cell. :$; >r :!; What are the point and line imperfections in solid materials? Ellustrate these imperfections "ith suita!le sketches :1,;