Citizens' Association for Medicinal and Aromatic plants and products F BiH S A R A J E V O

STUDY
Development of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) Sector in the Federation BiH RED BOOK - PHASE I

Sarajevo, 2012. god.

Citizens' Association for Medicinal and Aromatic plants and products F BiH S A R A J E V O

STUDY
Development of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) Sector in the Federation BiH RED BOOK - PHASE I

Excerpt from the review

The study, "Development of herbal sector in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina" Red Book "- Phase I of an expert team of Citizens Association for medicinal plants and their products of the F B occurs at a time when the public interest and the need to raise the level of knowledge of pupils, students and residents in the area of collection , plantation growing and processing medicinal plants is greater than ever. The main motto of the description of all segments of the texts, authors and collaborators, is to meet economic, environmental and social aspects of the rational exploitation, and to preserve the nature, and develop a sense of satisfaction and identify the overall conservation of biodiversity and the path towards European integration. The study has several chapters systematically processed and synchronized so that the reader has a clear vision of the principles and overall development of herbal sector. Particular value of the study is in the classification of medicinal plants in three categories according to marketability (economically important medicinal plant species, Category I primary market; economically important medicinal plant species, Category II - Market at the turn of the primary and secondary; economically important medicinal plant species Category III - secondary to the market). The status of medicinal plant species of all categories is defined by the nomenclature (economically important, rare, endangered and protected medicinal plant species), which corresponds to the Braun - Blanquet method and European standards. The conservation of medicinal plant resources and their sustainability assessment carried out is relevant maximum annual amount of exploitation (collection) medicinal plant species "quota" in order to maintain overall biodiversity. These segments of the herbal sector development, especially the list, according to the categorization of Marketability, the status of medicinal plant species are the "Red List" of medicinal plants as a segment of the "Red Book" Phase I. The authors of these studies have made and an appropriate map of medicinal plant species, whose distribution is determined by agro-ecological conditions and natural habitat. It is also established an initial digitized tracking system the fundamental characteristics of the MAP sector by installing a GIS. It is expected that awareness of the population will grow with the development of market and the fact that the rational and sustainable use of natural resources, especially medicinal plants, can generate significantly accelerate the revitalization of the agricultural economy and earning profits for different population structures. Recommendations and guidelines from the content of these studies will certainly be helpful in raising the knowledge level of students, but also to all those who deal with the collection and cultivation of medicinal plants will be positive valence in achieving its objectives, particularly in the sustainable and rational resource management. This study is useful reading for students, but also a highly valuable contribution to the broader manufacturing practices, and giving impetus and source of scientific and technical information for the overall development of the herbal sector in the Federation. Reviewers: Prof. dr Nezir Tanovi Mr. sc. Danijela Petrovi

A WORD FROM THE AUTHOR

The use of officinal herbs for medical, therapeutic and many other purposes has a very long tradition in Bosnia and Herzegovina as they have always been a very important economical and ecological resource of the Country. Given that the natural resources have always been a priority issue on their agenda, the Italian Cooperation has welcomed the opportunity to contribute to the development of rational and productive management of medical plants and general bio-diversity. This publication collects the vast traditional knowledge on the herbs and their application in the field of medicine and gives a strong input to the systematization and analytical classification of the herbal sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina according to international parameters and European standards. Moreover, given the significance this sector has for the Countrys economy, this book represents the first phase, the phase of identification of the valuable herbal species that can be recognized also on the EU and international market. We are grateful to our colleagues of Italian Cooperation in Sarajevo for their valuable advices. Our special thanks go to Ms. Santa Mol, Director of the Technical Unit of Italian Cooperation in Belgrade, for her suggestions and her will to promote different professional studies on the rural sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 11 2. VISION, OBJECTIVES AND TASKS IN MAP SECTOR............................................... 13 2.1 Vision development ....................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 14 3. Approach to the development of MAP Sector ........................................................... 16 3.1 Methodology of approach in the study development ..................................... 16 3.2. Starting points and principles of development in the sector...................... 16 4. Macro framework and the reasons for development of MAP Sector .............. 18 4.1. Evaluation of environmental and social aspects of MAP sector. .............. 18 4.2. Analysis of profit and trade relations ................................................................... 18 4.3. Organisational aspects ................................................................................................ 19 4.4. Initiators of the revitalization in MAP sector .................................................... 20 4.5. Earnings as an initiator ............................................................................................... 20 4.6. Initiatives for sustainable collection ..................................................................... 22 4.7. The status of economy (market) category .......................................................... 22 4.8. Certification...................................................................................................................... 24 5. Medicinal plants cultivation ............................................................................................. 25 5.1 Categories of land suitable for cultivation of medicinal plants................... 25 5.2. Plantation growing in relation to altitude .......................................................... 26 6. GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAP SECTOR............................. 27 7. PESTLE and SWOT Analysis ............................................................................................. 28 8. HABITATS, INVENTORY AND DIGITIZATION OF MAP SECTOR ...................... 29 8.1. Determination of habitat ............................................................................................ 29 8.2. Inventory, mapping and monitoring habitats. .................................................. 29 9. "Red List" - Phase I "Red Book" ....................................................................................... 37 9.1. STATUS OF MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES F B I H.......................................... 39

9.2. CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ACCORDING TO THE MARKET ..................................................................................................................................... 41 9.3. ESTIMATED RESOURCES OF MAP SECTOR F BIH ........................................... 42 10. CALENDAR OF COLLECTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ...................................... 43 11. ECONOMIC IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES ..................................... 51 C O N C L U S I O N ...................................................................................................................... 54 LITERATURE ................................................................................................................................ 56 CONTRIBUTIONS .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

FOREWORD
Basic assumptions, motives and goals for the realization of the activities of creating and publishing this study was the need to improve the herbal sector in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The availability of these studies to pupils, students and all others interested, will significantly contribute to the solution of a stable and sustainable resource of medicinal plants. A large number of medicinal plant species is widespread in the environment and can be used for various purposes, mainly: economic, health and environmental. The demand of the population of medicinal plants and their products (extracts, distillates, tinctures and final pharmaceutical products) are constantly increasing. This leads to over-exploitation of wild medicinal plants and disruption of the total biodiversity, and current and future generations imposes a challenge to their numbers, especially indigenous, rare, endangered and protected species kept and used rationally.Today we still grow a new, positive knowledge: What more a man can do, the greater is its ethical and moral responsibility. Present desolation of natural resources, especially medicinal and aromatic plants, is an indicator of poor conditions and human relations, individual and collective egoism. Excessive and unsustainable exploitation of medicinal plants could be in the near future as a devastating outcome for nature and for man. Available literature with very valuable content Segmental deals with the subject of herbs. However, this study deals with topics relating to the overall development of the MAP sector, distribution, classification according to Marketability, defining the status and definition of "quota" maximum allowable annual gathering. Certainly, the study is an encouragement to other scientific disciplines that are required to make a "Red List" for the purpose of shaping all segments of the "Red Book" as the final binding document. We are confident in the fact that while a man uses nature, he should respect the principles of sustainability and the collection of medicinal plants must not be the object of his tyranny, but the lessons that carries this study. Love in the field of environmental ethics requires us to reasonably sensible attitude towards it, towards sustainability, the ecological culture.

INTRODUCTION
During the preparation phase of the study, many consultative meetings were held and discussions organised with active participation of large number of various stakeholders representatives from the sector of the collection of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) and other raw materials. These meetings resulted with useful advices and orientations towards the objectives and solutions for improvements of the sector and opportunities to have this sector as one of the directions for future employment progress in rural areas and to promote sustainability of the herbal sector resources within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the recent past, this sector was unfortunately only verbally encouraged and not sufficiently supported that caused very slow progress, transformation and sustainability, and therefore it could be said that the sector was more slowed down than encouraged. We hope this study will create a climate and circumstances that will lead towards development projects in this area, motivate the population of FBiH towards sustainable collection, organized purchase and processing of medicinal plants and other secondary forest products, the starting position for development of the "Red Book" first phase and the path towards EU integration. The task of the study is: to propose a vision of the sector development that would be acceptable with the concrete measures proposals and the possibility of applications in the general production practices; to create prerequisites for drafting "Red Book - Phase I", defining the "Red List" of medicinal plant species and propose a model in order to digitized system (GIS) management of MAP resources. The efforts to rationally and sustainably manage herbal sector is even more important if one bears in mind realistic chances of MAP sector sustainability, labour intensity, export-orientation and and profitability. Certainly, the study stresses out the measures and procedures for the sustainable collection of medicinal plants and other secondary forest products with emphasis on the assessment of resources, environmental and social aspects, labelling activities and sustainable development of conditions for drafting Phase I of the Red Book. Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has great richness and diversity of medicinal plants, mushrooms, diverse medicinal berries (blueberries, cranberries, forest strawberries), and various other fruits coming from agricultural and forest vegetation. Studying and proposing measures for rational and sustainable usage of natural resources for the general production practices is one of the essential foundations for the overall development of the agricultural economy. Herbs and secondary forest products were usually studied in terms

of economic exploitation, ignoring sustainability and preservation of total biodiversity. It should be noted, that this document (the study) will be the foundation for other macro-projects and strategies, particularly for drafting the final binding document "Red Book", which is a fundamental obligation to preserve own biodiversity and towards European integration. In order to ensure sustainable and rational use of wild medicinal plants resources, it is necessary to access the detailed elaboration of all aspects, first of all: raising the level of knowledge of medicinal plants collectors, funding processing facilities, organized market, environmental and overall sustainability. Therefore it is obligatory to identify and develop methodology of the habitat identification, determination of the status and assessment of the maximum annual amount allowed to collect some medicinal plant species in order to remain permanently within its defined status, or from lower-defined categories (rare, endangered, and vulnerable protected) exceeded to the category of economically important. Unfortunately, the exploitation of medicinal plants and other forest products, in most cases and in the total area of F BiH, is not in accordance with the rules and code of the rational and sustainable and causes a reduction in plant species or their transfer from the economically important in the rare and protected, that often leads to the permanent disappearance of certain plant species. While describing medicinal and aromatic plants including medicinal berries a synonym MAP (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants) will be used, or national term herbal sector.

2. VISION, OBJECTIVES AND TASKS IN MAP SECTOR

2.1 Vision development
The vision of medicinal herbs and other forest products sector development is based on a commitment to mobilize and employ a significant proportion of the population, especially in rural areas of F BiH in order to achieve economic and environmental aspects. It can be objective, realistic and absolutely viable formula for progress, especially in difficult areas of living. In fact, the study should define and clarify a number of issues in this sector, primarily, the possibility of more rational and sustainable collection of wild medicinal plants, sustainability and preservation of total biodiversity, and the measures and procedures for drafting "Red List" of herbs prerequisites for the development of Phase I "Red Book", as the obligatory path towards EU integration. These measures can not be considered separately, in fact, it is a synchronized connection of cause consequence reactions. Likewise, it is important to clarify the market situation, the regulatory framework, environmental and social sustainability, the role and responsibilities of stakeholders, which are necessary conditions for improvement, profitable and sustainable sector. However, there are no simple solutions with formula of quick solutions for those aspects. This is actually a process of gradual change (transformation) which includes a series of supplementing interventions from a range of stakeholders, each of which should provide long-term contribution to sustainable industry in MAP sector. Solutions focus in MAP (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants) sector, including mushrooms and other forest products, is presented through coordination of three interrelated functions:
Analyzing all the information related to the sector. Balancing different interests. Implementation of the agreements and adopted objectives.

The process of revitalization of the MAP sector includes:

Structural and organizational transformation. Increase the profitability and employment of rural areas population. Rationally and sustainably collect medicinal plant species and other forest products. Define all the measures and procedures for drafting "Red List" of herbs " or an integral part of the Phase I Red Book.

Briefly speaking, the vision of MAP sector development can be defined by the intentions to provide environment out of the present undeveloped situation that will be:
Appropriate for rural areas. Sustainable by collection and cultivation of medicinal plants Technical and technologically modern. Environmentally friendly.

The task of the sector of medicinal plants and associated procedures between what it is now and what is expected of them in the future is:
To provide a product that will be accepted by local and international consumers by improved procedures of collection and growing measures. To ensure the level of profitability and sustainability. To engage higher percentage of population, especially in rural areas. To transform existing collection practices and leads it to the process of revitalization and sustainability.

2.2 Objectives
The most important specific objectives that should be arising from this study are: Define the methodology for identification of medicinal plants and secondary forest raw materials in order to control and protect and generally conserve biodiversity (draft "Red List" of medicinal plants as well as Phase I "Red Book"). Define the methodology for determining the status of nontimber forest products according to national understanding which is fully compatible with European nomenclature:
disappeared Extinct species (Extinct - "Ex) critically endangered species (Endangered - "E") endangered and vulnerable species (Vulnerable - "V") rare and potentially endangered species (Rare - "R") Insufficiently known species (Insufficiently Known - "K")

Determine the maximum allowed annual collection of some medicinal plant species in order to prevent changes in their status from being economically important to rare and risky (the annual collection "quota"). Draft the final methodology for electronic management and control of forest resources, with a digitalized system based on GIS (Geographic Information Systems) technology. Establish a model for an interactive complex system of organization and management of MAP and secondary forest products. Describe the environmental and social assessment of the MAP sector and other secondary forest products and define: the advantages and opportunities of profit achievement in the rational exploitation, measures and procedures for the rational exploitation, market, opportunities and benefits of processing, various forms of support. Strictly apply the sustainable exploitation principles and establish proper relationships in the value chain of collectors and buyers, respect the principles and interests of the country, legislative balance, moving from traditional to sustainable collection, while respecting conventions: CITES, GACP, etc. . Special attention and importance should be provided to assistance to collectors and processors in order to increase level of their knowledge with regards to plantation cultivation of certain plant species, application of reduced pressure on the plant species from natural populations method, introduction to the certification system ("OK" and HACCAP), as well as to economic, ecological, social and a medical aspects of this important sector.

In order to obtain those objectives information are specially important to have setup in realistic framework and management model for secondary forest products sustainable. On the side of inputs, very important is the documentation available for the management, exploration, collection, processing, transport, protection of wild species, pedological features of soils (maps), climatology charts, economic base of forest, vegetation, slope, mining areas, satellite or orthophoto images, etc.

3. Approach to the development of MAP Sector

3.1 Methodology of approach in the study development
Training and transformation of the total MAP sector (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants) and other secondary forest products in sustainable collection practices and the production can be achieved on the basis of clear development visions. Completion of this study is precisely the expression of such needs. This sector is one of the least regulated agricultural area, so in that regard it raises several questions:
How to functionally target defined population of rural areas of F BiH in the field of collecting, buying, growing and processing medicinal herbs and other forest products(increase employment)? How can technology enable processing facilities? How to achieve a stable (sustainable) business with private individuals (collectors) and legal entities (buyers and processors)? How to achieve competitiveness in the international market? How to provide a wider range? How to organize the connections established collectors, buyers, processors (association, etc.)? How to access the digitized modern methods of GIS in the management of MAP sector and which method of access for drafting the initial phases of the "Red Book"?

3.2. Starting points and principles of development in the sector

MAP sector is considered as a whole, without strong linkages with other branches of the agricultural sector, although it can bind a number of input and output interaction with various stakeholders, particularly food processing complex. This sector should become sustainable due to the importance and possibilities of large scale structure of engagement of different people in rural areas. Therefore progressive initiatives for competitiveness and market principles are imposed as the dominant orientation of its development. In practice, this should be achieved as follows:
By creation of macro-ambient conditions, and greater developmental sector support (incentives) By the power of micro-marketing practices, production, technical and technological improvements in purchasing and processing, finding markets (especially export markets), improving knowledge level. By organized and digitally manage MAP resources in a stainable manner.

Objectively, it can be expected MAP sector to become a significant player in employment of population in rural areas of F BiH. It can be achieved if combination of following factors are:
Sustainable collection and production, setting the purchasing and establishment of processing capacities. Market and profit-shaped supply and demand (the most important factor).

4. Macro framework and the reasons for development of MAP Sector

4.1. Evaluation of environmental and social aspects of MAP sector.
In the total area of BiH collectors of medicinal plants are not organized and most of the activities have individual character. Collecting plants is seasonal in its nature and it is generally combined with other agricultural activities. Collectors of medicinal herbs and other forest products sell to buyers raw materials, and those buyer are mostly legal entities. Only about 30% of producers in the F BiH claims to be organised by the customers. Generally speaking, collectors earnings are not adequate and 60% of them said they did not achieve a fair price for the collected plants. Value Chain Analysis of the collected plants indicates the following facts:
The collectors receive a smaller portion of the value of collected raw materials. Wholesale is holding significantly favorable position than collectors. Retailers get the maximum value of collected raw materials.

Most of the collected medicinal plants (90%) is directed towards foreign markets. Fairness in terms of trade relations does not only applies to the price, but it involves the allocation of risks, training, transportation, advance payments, etc. Short-term profits is in the first plan for most of the collectors. Excessive exploitation of resources is a direct consequence of their poverty. Lack of knowledge leads to unsustainable practices and compromises their ability to achieve adequate earnings in the future. The rational response to these facts is that the sector of medicinal plants and mushrooms has been revitalized based on the entirely different principles. Currently, there are no related controls of collection in the MAP sector. Notwithstanding above mentioned circumstances demand is the main determinant of MAP quantities, which are collected and substantially valued by the buyer. If there is no adequate price then there will be no commercial collection.

4.2. Analysis of profit and trade relations

In the collection of medicinal plants, mushrooms and other secondary forest products in the F BiH a significant number of rural areas population is included, of different gender and age distribution: 15% of them are younger collectors, 55% of the middle age out of which mostly women and 30% of collectors are within the category of older population.

In general, all groups of collectors are in difficult or very difficult living conditions. In some areas, for individual families or entire villages income coming from medicinal plants and mushrooms is of primary importance for their existence, or just reproduction and for some collectors this represent up to 50% of their income. Large number of people in rural areas heavily or exclusively dependent on this resource. Collectors and growers of medicinal herbs are among the poorest groups of people. Revenues coming from the collection are often inconsistent. Increase of profits for collectors of medicinal plants and mushrooms can be achieved as follows:
Increase participation in the value chain and enable collectors to obtain a higher proportion value. A higher price through added values. Provide a market in order to sell more and different products and creation of direct trade links (most important segment). Starting initiatives of fair trade. Sustainable collections of medicinal plants as a measure of stability and consistency of plant species.

4.3. Organisational aspects

There is no simple solution for the transformation and revitalization of the existing MAP management sector, which will operate on a sustainable basis. It is a process of gradual change that involves a series of supplementary interventions by different stakeholders (public and private sector, civil society, trade relations, etc.), each of which seeks to provide long-term contribution to sustainable industries. So, in addition to the private sector that should play a leading role, other subjects significantly affect the strategic choices in the MAP sector. This is because the identification of some solutions that can be attractive is often disturbed by the interest groups who only see profit in the value chain of the MAP sector and serious lack of organization that can articulate and represent the opinion of the collector. These associations are mainly for medicinal herbs. Coordinating role is effective when there are multiple interrelated functions:
Analyzing information (information related to the interest groups). Balancing the interests (the process and place where all parties can express their interest). Implementation of agreements (taking actions as agreed). Mobilization of financial, human and technical resources. Co-ordination of activities.

4.4. Initiators of the revitalization in MAP sector

The consequences of the most difficult economic conditions are reflected in the MAP sector (dominated by the irrational exploitation of the total resources breach of biodiversity), especially as this area is not covered with regulation or the existing regulation is archaic (regardless the facts provided by the codes of CITES and the Convention on Biological Diversity and current Law on the environment). Closely related to the drivers of supply chain management are series of legal and quasi legal instruments that seek to protect certain species or to promote a sustainable industry. The desire and need to follow these instruments are a strong driver for adoption of sustainable practices. One of the important factors of regulation for the rational exploitation of MAP are the guidelines for good agricultural practice, which strictly refer to the protection and maintenance of biological balance.

4.5. Earnings as an initiator

For many people, in the difficult economic conditions, the existence depends on the collection and additional motive then exists to ensure control and the collection in a sustainable manner. Unsustainable practices are:
The result of poverty (collectors want "ad hoc" earnings that results with over-exploitation). Lack of knowledge and lack of harvesting techniques. Implementation of the interests of those groups who do not care about the resource.

These figures show that there is a strong argument for sustainable exploitation of MAP resources and fairness in trade relations being in the interest of all involved in the chain. Respect of the values and the adoption of sustainable practices have as final result the sustainability of the business logic and sense to develop this sector. Having in mind that attitudes of those involved in trading are fundamentally significant, it is important to promote and strengthening these initiators. Specifically, promoting the understanding of the collectors, growers, processors and retailers would be extremely useful. One can identify a number of ways to be used in improvement of the income for people involved in the MAP sector:

Increase participation in the value chain and enable collectors to obtain a higher proportion of value. Enable collectors to get a better price through added value. Enable collectors to sell a larger quantity of products.

The potential activities that would enable collectors to obtain higher value include:
Efforts to strengthen the collectors through the collectors association, training and other incentives. Efforts to impose restrictions that will reduce or completely eliminate unfair competition. Providing active information to collectors regarding the market. Supporting the creation of direct trade links. Efforts to improve value chain efficiency. Efforts to start fair trade initiatives.

Some of the ways by which collectors can also get more value are:
Improving the quality of the product (by improving the quality of their product collectors could steer higher prices, improved market access). Obtaining organic and / or other forms of certification. Undertake activities for additional processiong of products.

In order to have collectors selling larger amounts of product it is necessary to increase the overall demand in the area of the MAP sector. This actually means increased exports and increased spending on the local market. It is important to note the synergy between the strategies for improving the collectors prices and strategies for growth of the overall market. Earnings of life resources of those involved in the MAP sector needs to be improved and become safer on the following way:
The sustainable collection should bring short and long-term benefits. Resource management should include: the protection of endangered species, a clear control over the rights of resource ownership, education regarding the collection activities. Assist stakeholders to work in a sustainable way (support the formation and development of Association of medicinal herbs and mushrooms, support to management plans, training of collectors reagrding measures and procedures, and techniques of collection). Strengthening efforts to grow, particularly high-risk and endangered medicinal plant species.

4.6. Initiatives for sustainable collection

By linking the sale price to its sustainable management, initiative will be created that will encourage the sustainable use of resources by facilitating the sustainable management of major benefits potentially provision comparing to unsustainable management. For the sustainable exploitation of resources and with the objective of rationality, it is important to have certainty of long-term benefits considered as good and as the general privilege. In a situation of open access to the resource, efficient management is important and it should include mechanisms to control usage rights. In addition to the inclusion of those who rely on the resource and to control usage rights, the management system must include clear, appropriate penalties. Protecting, preserving and promoting the environment are faced with various obstacles, and this is reflected through:
Inadequate institutionally framework and capacity to implement the law. Inefficient coordination at the local, especially at the state level. Poor social and economic conditions.

Rational management of MAP resources implies determination of "quota" for specific fields of collection in MAP sector. The introduction of "quota" means the "Identification of medicinal plant species" for each municipality, or collectively for Canton and its classification according following statuses: economically important, rare, risky, protected (Such a methodology for medicinal plant species of economic importance has practical national characteristics and it is corresponding with the methodology of the European nomenclature).
The most effective way to protect the resources of wild medicinal plant is theproduction of a document that will define their status (economically important, rare,risky, protected), and allow forest companies to issue, as part of its activities, a certificate of the maximum permissible annual volumes of collecting various types ofmedicinal plants for specific areas of "quotas".

4.7. The status of economy (market) category

A large number of medicinal plants, medicinal forest berries (strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, cranberries, blackberries) are native plants. Their collection represents a significant but underused industrial importance. Mainly dominates traditional harvesting of medicinal plants and other secondary forest resources. Purchasing of herbs in most areas of F BiH is only sporadic and with seasonal character. Increasing needs of demanding and subtle consumer and

market imposing obligation for the rational collection and preservation of total biodiversity. In the area of F BiH in total 69 medicinal plant species are identified which are of the economic importance can be classified into three categories:
Category I - predominantly commercial medicinal plant species. Category II - less economically dominant medicinal plant species. Category III - secondary economic plant species.

From the environmental and social assessment, it is clear that:

Earnings of medicinal herbs and mushrooms collectors are not adequate or safe. For collectors, wholesalers and retailers, there is room for a fair distribution Identified a certain number of economically important medicinal plant species that are at risk to gain status of rare, threatened and eventually protected plant species. The knowledge level of medicinal plants and mushrooms collectors is very low. Companies that are engaged in buying medicinal herbs and mushrooms are not organizing or providing training for and have primary responsibility for the conservation of biodiversity. Given the exceptional importance of the attitudes of those involved in the trade of medicinal plants, it is very important to promote and improve understanding providing business sense to adopt sustainable practices.

Sustainability for collectors of medicinal plants leads to:

Creation of economic value (economic viability). Reduction of Poverty (social sustainability). Protects base of environmental resources (environmental sustainability)

Although the principle of social and environmental sustainability are treated separately, we think those two could be considered together. Social sustainability refers to the collectors of medicinal plants, and safety, sustainability and income of a large number of people in rural areas depends directly on the sustainable use of resources. Social structures of the population in rural areas are largely related to the exploitation of natural resources, especially for the collection of medicinal herbs.

4.8. Certification
Certification is the evidentiary document attesting that the product complies with the regulations and criteria for certified rule. Certification of medicinal plants is faced with following problems:
Lack of ecological knowledge; Uncertain market realization of the certification benefits; Lack of experience with the certification foe obtaining higher level standards.

Certification in the field of medicinal plants means:

To originate from an environment that is stable and has a sustainable growth; To be collected in a manner that does not undermine the sustainability and biodiversity; To originate from the clearly defined area of collection; To be colleced by trained collectors from known - identified areas.

5. Medicinal plants cultivation

Cultivation of medicinal plants is the result of the processing industry increasing demand that requires uniformed quality of raw materials for processing. Wild medicinal, aromatic and honey plants ultimately have a different product quality, due to different genetic structure of genotypes, populations, etc. and due to different substrates where it is produced or different soil fertility and agro-ecological conditions of breeding. Sowing area of medicinal plant species are increased from year to year. Plantation cultivation of medicinal, aromatic and honey plants in the economic sense dependents primarily of agro-ecological conditions, soil type, elevation, seeds and planting materials, agricultural production, crop maintenance and harvest. It can grow on most types of arable land, although it prefers more fertile and strained soils with good physical and chemical characteristics. Cultivation of medicinal plants largely depends on soil type and altitude.
The benefits of medicinal, aromatic and honey plants cultivation by: Types and quality categories of land. Altitude

5.1 Categories of land suitable for cultivation of medicinal plants

Calcomelanosol Medicinal plant species suitable for cultivation: Savory Satureja hortensis; Common Fumitory Fumaria officinalis; Tipton's Weed (St John's wort) Hypericum perforatu; Toadflax Linaria officinalis; Peppermint Mentha piperita. Humus-silicate soil Medicinal plant species suitable for cultivation: Great Yellow Gentian Gentiana lutea; Wall germander Teucrium chamaedrys; Arthicoke Cynara cardunculus; Yarrow Achillea millefolium. Smonitsa Medicinal plant species suitable for cultivation: Peppermint Mentha piperita; Hyssop Hyssopus officinalis; Anise Pimpinella anisum.

 Calcocambisol Medicinal plant species suitable for cultivation: Arnica Arnica montana; Foxglove Digitalis purpurea; Dandelion Taraxacum officinalis. Leached Soil Medicinal plant species suitable for cultivation: Tarragon Artemisia dracunculus; Basil Ocimum basilicum; Marshmallow Althaea officinalis; Lemon balm Melissa officinalis Eutric brown soil Medicinal plant species suitable for cultivation: Hyssop Hyssopus officinalis; Horseradish Armoracia lapathifolia; Pheasant's Eye Adonis vernalis. Dystric brown soil Medicinal plant species suitable for cultivation: Orchis Orehis morio; Borage Borago officinalis; Comfrey Syntitum officinalis.

5.2. Plantation growing in relation to altitude

Lowland (lower altitude with a slight elevation 180-600 m), Marigold Calendula officinalis; Thyme Thymus serpilum; Basil Ocimim basilicum; Tarragon Artemisia dracunculus; Yarrow Achilea millefolium; Summer savory Satureja hortensis; Marshmallow Althaea officinalis; Fennel Foeniculum vulgare; Comfrey Synthitum officinalis; Chamomile Matricariachamomila; Mountain (higher altitude 600-1000 m), Orchis Orchismorio; Dill Anethum graveolens; Marshmallow Taraxacum officinalis; Peppermint Mentha piperita; Horseradish Armoracia lapathifolia; The mountainous area (altitude higher than 1000 m). Gentian Genitiana lutea; Mountain arnica Arnica montana; Artichoke Cynara earduneulus; Foxglove Digitalis purpurea. Medicinal plant species that are classified into groups according to the altitude can be grown on all production areas.

6. GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAP SECTOR

5.1. General principles - herbs
Revitalization of the MAP sector can significantly contribute to the creation of an economically justifiable economic environment in rural areas. However, moving forward into this sector can only be identified as one and not as single driving pulse of life in villages, which includes the creation of spatial demographic situation in the urban-rural relations. Starting from the fact that the progress of agricultural economy in the area of herbal sector (MAP) is possible, directions of future development in the sector should be based on the principles of:

General Recommendations o Provide financial inputs to support programs related to the MAP sector in the areas of rational and sustainable exploitation of wild medicinal plants, plantation cultivation and processing. Recommendations related to the environment o Manage resources of Herbal sector in a sustainable manner and follow international and own institutional framework / legal frameworks. Recommendations related to raising the level of knowledge o Set a team of expert on the level of Extension Service to educate the population with regards to the measures and procedures for collecting, breeding and processing of medicinal herbs. Recommendations related to the value chain o Arrange total financial inputs in herbal sectors (products) in the context of the collector-buyer-trader. If the agreed principles are not respected introduce more strict limits in the use of resources.

7. PESTLE and SWOT Analysis

Political It opens up possibilities of medicinal plants export but also a threat to the rational use of resources. In BiH, the revitalization of the MAP sector should be seeked in the course of EU integration. Economic There is growing competition in the MAP sector in international markets. Pressure on profit margins by global companies and strong foreign brands in the integrated European market may pose a threat to its own inertia. MAP sector is export oriented, labor intensive and highly profitable . Social Poverty dominates in rural areas. Exists strong pressure on natural resources in somerural areas. A large number of families are lives exclusively from the MAP sector. Technological MAP sector largelybased on exports of a pure substance. Producion and processing sectors are not compliant, a small number of processors. Strenghts BiH has great richness and diversity of medicinal plant species. The quality of plants is above the average of European values. High numbers of differerent structures of the population is committed in collection of medicinal herbs. Besides tradition, expressed an increased level of knowledge. The general assessment made by the European experts is that the progress has been made in MAP sector. Export of medicinal plants improves the foreign exchange position of BiH.

Weaknesses Under-exploited natural resources. Insufficient and adverse financial inputs for support in rural areas. Lack of investment grants for capital investment in the cultivation and processing. Lack of national directives for protection of the resources from excessive exploitation.

Legal BiH's status as a potential candidate for EU membership imposes an obligation of to apply international and nationally regulation in MAP sector.

Opportunities Foreign investments - pre-accession funds. Flexible economic structure. Increased support for rural areas. Exports of raw materials and products certified as organic.Great potential and versatility of MAP sector.

Threats
Competition from foreign major commercial centres in the MAP sector. Migration processes-trend of emigration of young and educated people from rural areas. Instability of the socio-political environment. Low level of competitiveness of its products. The risk of compromising biodiversity.

Environmental More and more severe limitations in terms of environmental obligation impose caution on measures and procedures for preserving biodiversity.

8. HABITATS, INVENTORY AND DIGITIZATION OF MAP SECTOR

8.1. Determination of habitat
Concern about the natural wealth and biodiversity becomes not only an important issue, but also the subject of responsibility of every country. Permanent question remains whether we have learned to manage the areas, do we know enough about biodiversity, what impact will have some human activity, etc. We are obliged to comply with these and other issues in the context of nature conservation and sustainable development by our own legislation, but also by international conventions, directives and obligatory guidelines. Preconditions for a successful planning of nature conservation are based on valid information about the areas. Without knowledge of biological diversity and its spatial distribution is not possible to make any decision on the estimations that are consistent with the activities in preparation phase I "Red Book" as a mandatory document in the access to EU integration. Habitat diversity in an area, looked from the MAP sector point of view, is closely connected with environmental conditions, primarily with geographic location, hydrographical conditions, especially with excessive anthropogenic influence. By increased human activity in the over-exploitation of medicinal plants, native habitats are destroyed more rapidly. Therefore the international efforts to protect and preserve the diversity of habitat by creation of "Red Book" are totally understandable. Hence, by the influence of humans, in the places of primary habitat are created new secondary or anthropogenic habitats. Classification of habitat, relevant to the EU, is mainly based on vegetation, especially on the prevalence and variety of medicinal plants. In order to achieve objectives of inventory and assessments of MAP resources sector, it is necessary to mark, inventory, map, digitize, and in certain periods of time to monitor the dominant habitats in order to prevent eventual negative impacts and possible radical changes.

8.2. Inventory, mapping and monitoring habitats.

Inventory of the habitat includes a series of processes that ultimately result in a single list of all habitats in a certain area (municipality, canton or a wider area). Inventory of habitat is one of the first and the initial steps for future activities (if the objective is only the inventory of medicinal plants, then it is implemented by the relevant phytocenological principles, while if the objective is complex inventory then a detailed list of flora and fauna habitat needs to be prepared). Accordingly we define the terms which habitats we have (natural or anthropogenic). Each habitat should be marked with the name and code.

Based on these data, a real map in GIS is prepared. The map should be able to answer the question "where a habitat is situated" i.e. what is the spatial distribution of habitats. The map contains field data on the prevalence and diversity, then the marking of protected areas or specific characteristics, monitoring changes in habitat over time. Regardless of the procedures and habitat mapping techniques and methods of remote monitoring (development and analysis of satellite images and aerial photogrammetry) field research are always needed and that is the reason why is this is an ongoing process. Habitat mapping is limited to one of the following ways:
Geographical (protected or some other specific area). Thematic (only certain types of habitats are mapped - MAP sector). Geographical thematic (mapped to only certain types of habitats in a limited geographical area).

Periodic repetition of habitat mapping at the same time is the form of monitoring changes in habitat. Repeated mapping indicates the changes that occur in the distribution and diversity of certain plant species. Before starting with the mapping and monitoring it is necessary to rule mapping topics:
o o o o o o What is the objective of mapping? the need for more data on the habitat of an area, to determine changes in the surface area occupied by habitat, to determine the changes occurred in the habitat, in order to be able to assess the degree of threat on a particular plant. What to map and which changes to monitor? the habitat of an area, only a certain type of habitat such as MAP sector changes in a habitat composition.

How to ensure data validity? o apply methods of mapping habitat by mapping surfaces and aero (satellite) images, o apply methods of mapping habitats on the dotted sites, o apply methods of the permanent plots with suitable equipment.

The use of maps and images on the ground would be consisted of a recording position on the habitat observed in nature by co-ordinates or drawing surfaces or position of a suitable habitat on the surface appropriate scale. It is more efficiently to map less visible changes by GPS devices.

Topographic maps are a necessary tools that are used for following purposes: inventory needs, mapping and monitoring, planning, assistance in moving and coping in the field, data recording, reporting and so on. Remote observation is collection of data on the observation subject with the relevant instruments, from bigger or lower distance. In principle it is recording from the satellites. During aerial survey installed navigation devices are used that regulate the operation of the camera. These recordings can be used to produce topographic and cadastral databases, urban and regional planning, analysis and monitoring of a habitat and many other purposes.

8.3. The use of digital devices

Digital devices for mapping and monitoring of habitats can be used: GPS, Internet, GIS, etc. The purpose of these tools is the geocoding of the site, recording of additional data, their storage and processing and analysis. Using the GPS device has the purpose of rapid determination of the position of any point anywhere in space. Its work is based on the received radio signal transmitted by satellites. By measuring the time signals handheld device can calculate its location and show it to the user in the form of coordinates or position on the map. Advantages of using multiple GPS devices are: speed, accuracy, simplicity of operations. While mapping and monitoring the habitat, GPS device has a role for geocoding of the place of work:
recording the locations of a point source of habitat for habitat mapping recording the locations of a point source of habitat in order to aditionaly suport interpretation of the content of satellite images. recording the mid-plane or angle of surfaces at which the monitoring is done. recording of the shape and position that habitat occupies in space.

Use of the Internet can be successfully applied for geocoding locations where a habitat is indicated. Prerequisite is a satisfactory internet speed access and basic computer knowledge and appropriate support and services. Geographic Information Systems - GIS is a system for collecting, storing, checking, integrating, managing, analysing and displaying data which are spatially related. For the use of GIS, a database and software is usually required.
According our estimates, the most effective is electronic form of management digitization in MAP sector and due to the large number and volume of existing data GIS use is necessary.

Application of GIS in the MAP sector can be find in many ways, practical, professional, particularly in conjunction with remote observation for the preparation of activities in marking and identification of medicinal plant species, their distribution and diversity, storing these data, analysis results, plan future activities. With such appropriate information in the GIS it is possible to show those information in the maps on different substrates contents, analyse occurrence of a habitat area or changes number of some plants in the habitat. GIS is used as a tool to support decision-making process and can significantly contribute to the design of administrative and management procedures that are efficient, transparent and easy to use in a number of activities, consequently, in the MAP sector. GIS can speed up various types of daily procedures and by quick supply of updated information help to make decisions on many important issues while providing a high quality. Any decision that involves spatial aspects, such as situation where it is necessary to decide where something should or should not be made, can be decided with the help of GIS. Searching for information that would otherwise take lots of time here is automated. It is possible to easily identify areas suitable for certain activities such as, above all, diversity and distribution of certain medicinal plant species, changes that occur to various influences in relation to the starting point of data entry, change of the defined "quota", etc. The main product of any GIS application is topical map that shows the current situation and/or possible solutions. Advantages of GIS in in the MAP sector:
quality decision-making with the new possibilities of data analysis Faster access to data Better communication with the municipalities and cantons. Handling large quantities of data Increased transparency and efficiency in public policies. Better distribution of the investigated plots in the MAP resources sector. Easy identification of suitable sites for identification of medicinal plant species.

GIS is a combination of hardware, software and data. It combines graphical data in the form of maps with additional information in the form of tables (databases). A digital map within the GIS contains three key elements: areas, lines and points. The area may be a plot, or an area with medicinal herbs. The lines may represent the directions of distribution of certain plant species. Each of these elements shown on the map is connected to a database that contains further information such as surface size, name, terms/condition, restriction or property.

The first step in setting up a GIS is to combine data from various sources and data that provide different information. As a basis, aerial photos are usually taken and maps of selected locations where the starting position determined the number and species of medicinal plants. Also, photography can be used to set the current plan of maximum annual plants collection "quota" as additional information. Thus we get a completely new insight into the data. The plan is very easy comparable to the actual display. In this way it is possible to determine the over-collection and the vulnerability of some medicinal plant species. What is GIS used for? The use of GIS offers many advantages that can be summarized in three categories:
increase efficiency, high quality decisions and improved services.

What is achieved by GIS?

Faster access to data The automated processing of standard procedures and coordinated development. Simultaneous use by multiple users The combination of data from various sources of information, including data of collectors of medicinal herbs Integrated planning and faster data processing. Increased reliability of data and greater transparency

When is GIS useful?

For planning and decision-making which include: Spatial issues (eg. finding the right location for the identification and monitoring of medicinal herbs) Large amount of data that can be linked to specific locations Repeatition of the analysis based on constant data updating

What does it take to set up a GIS? It is often underestimated what it takes to set up a GIS. Unlike office software like Word, which simply allows you to get started, GIS software is a 'half-ready'. It should be completed and filled with data that could be used. This is because every GIS must be tailored to specific needs that will be used. Therefore, it is necessary to

program which data groups could be connected. Then the data is collected and entered into the system. Later, these data are regularly updated. Depending on the purpose of the GIS, it requires skill and often a lot of time. Management aspect of GIS Implementation of a GIS should be viewed as a project with clearly defined goals and stages. It is a complex process that can be achieved only by the principle - a step by step. Implement a GIS does not only include technical aspects. As they often describe the changes in operating procedures, usually requires adjustment of organizational structure. In some cases, legal framework adjustments are necessary. Finally, for the successful implementation of GIS is often necessary to change a mindset. Any person who makes decisions and who wants to run a project implementing a GIS must be aware of social, organizational and legal changes that accompany the introduction of new technology and, therefore, positively support the process of professional change management. Institutions that will be involved in the implementation of GIS in the in the MAP sector are: Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry of F BiH and cantons (Extension Services), the Association of Citizens for medicinal and aromatic plants and their products of F BiH, Federal Agricultural Institutes , Faculties of Agriculture in the FBiH, in electronic medias. At the beginning of the GIS implementation it is necessary to prepare a clear plan for the entire procedure.
Such a plan could take two different paths: The first step must always be a precise definition of the objective: What do we want to achieve (impact!) by the implementation of GIS? The second step is to define in details all tasks, set priorities, agreed time frame and defined responsibilities. "Recommendation: GIS establishment should be gradual, starting with 1-3 simple and useful applications that require a limited number of data and include only a few active participants in order to achieve results already at the early stage.

Documenting and Searching - starting position Minimal amount of information that should accompany any estimated species included in the Red List by application of IUCN categories and criteria (IUCN / SSC[2000]) are:

- Name of species (scientific and local languages, Latin, English, or another name) - Red List categories - status - In which municipalities it appears - What is the maximum annual amount of the collection in the municipality "quota".

8.4. Monitoring of changes occurrence on habitats in MAP sector

After the mapping follows phase of monitoring changes in habitat. Monitoring of the situation is the procedure of repeated observation, with a specific purpose, of one or more elements according to a predetermined spatial and temporal schedule. The subject of observation can be accurately determined habitat or changes such as in the MAP sector or more habitats in several locations simultaneously. The monitoring aims to determine whether the relationship is disrupted, the diversity and abundance of certain plant species or some other detail. Changes can be determined by simply quantitative counting and compared with earlier data. In MAP sector scale according Braun - Blanquet is used for combined estimate of the number and coverage.
+ plant is rarely present (ten plants in the habitat and low coverage), 1 number of plants of same species is higher but coverage is low (5-10%), 2 plants is much more numerous, or covering 10-20% of the area 3 regardless of the number of individual plant covers 25-50% of the area, 4 regardless of the number of individual plant covers 50-75% of the area, 5 regardless of the number of individual plant covers 75-100% of the area, r (rarus-rare) plant is individual within the habitat and low coverage

Degradation of habitat in terms of lower abundance and cover, may be a sign of compromising some medicinal plant species, while the continuity is a sign of good protection and sustainability.

8.5. General recommendations for field work (habitat mapping, photodocumentation, etc.)
Collection of photographs in the field is crucial for the overall work during the preparatory stages of the Red Book - Phase I. The purpose of the photo is multiple: documenting the findings of habitats, documenting the location of the site, documenting the type of habitat, creating and documenting an insight into the vegetation. Regardless of these images, following must be recorded: date and time of photographing, the position from which photose have been taken, azimuth direction. When taking photos one of the main photo is a snapshot of all plant species on the surface, even some of its organs (flower, leaf, fruit, etc.). Each file

photo should be named according to what is being displayed. A series of photos from one place are stored in a folder. All folders are stored in a digital form. Habitat should be coded in the field as follows: name of the habitats in the local languages, a medicinal plant species commonly named and the Latin name, habitat should be classified according the agreed classification and a description of the habitat in accordance to the vegetation, the causes of vulnerability if present and proposed measures to protect habitat . Safety guidelines Prevent any hazards of individual work in inaccessible areas. Plan all steps and procedures of field work.

Legal information Ensure permissions from the competent institutions for control or environmental protection. Ensure the consent of the owner of private property.

Professional instruction Take all measures to collect data on the most successful way. Properly executed identification of medicinal plant species, Be sure to enter any specific information on habitat and to take photos.

9. "Red List" - Phase I "Red Book"

The availability of "Red List, and the book" is an essential element that assists in convincing existence and identification of endangered species and take steps to protect them on the best possible way. In addition to the review, which will be available in the electronic media to the whole population, it is important that professionals around the F BiH can affect the assessment of vulnerability and that they were able to manipulate threat and measures to protect medicinal plants. Red Lists and Red Books are among the most widely used tools in the protection of biodiversity in the world. These publications are necessary catalogues of threatened species in which a specie was accompanied by minimum information on categories of threat (status of medicinal plant species). Red Lists and books were developed on professional and scientific background by the relevant experts, mainly forestry and agriculture engineers, biologists, specialists in a particular group of flora or fauna for which the Red List or book is designed. Red list or book has the main role in drawing the attention of the public, professional, governmental and other organizations, to the species considered endangered, rare and protected demanding serious care programmes or other activity for the purpose of their preservation. Red list of medicinal plant species presents a list of status categories, while the Red Books, which are highly customized, provide the diverse range of additional information, causes of endangerment, the necessary measures of protection, species descriptions, information on distribution, etc. To make the data on the vulnerability assessment comparable at the regional, but also on global level, it is necessary to use easily understandable and applicable criteria and methods of threat assessment. Categories represent threat systems, from low to high, and each is described and accompanied by a methodology that should be applied (development in the MAP - herbal sector - the vision, objectives, tasks, suggestions, growing, etc.) in order to connect appropriate degree of threat with evaluated specie. Even the name "Red" indicates the alarm status of data contained and the need for intervention, and often as a "warning colors" it accompanies this publication. Newer Red List prepared for the global level by IUCN-SSC are Red Lists of a threatened animals in 1996 (Baillie & Groombridge [1996]) and the Red List of Threatened Plants in 1997 (Kerry & Harriet [1998]). The newest list is definitely a red list of endangered species published in 2000 (IUCN / SSC [2000]) that for the first time combines plants and animals in a single list containing the assessment of vulnerability, i.e the risk of extinction for more than 18,000species worldwide. Also,

for the first time the list is not published as a printed material, but only in the form of electronic records on the We (URL http:/ /www.iucn.org/ redlist / 2000/index.html) and CD media. The intention is to keep this principle in the future, given the planned annual update on the one hand, and media flexibility for such activities on the other. Many other red lists and red books were published in the last decade, with the limited geographic or taxonomic scope, or both of those. The processes of the type of threat by natural or anthropogenic factors and changes in the population, are mostly continuous. However, for convenience purpose, these continuous processes are generally divided into categories of arbitration, more or less precisely described. How will the categories look like, how many there will be, how their borders will be defined, etc., are mostly issues with different answers for different national Red lists developed. Undoubtedly is, however, that categorization is a necessary step in assessing the threat, and that it facilitates the description of these processes. IUCN categories of threat are in use for almost 30 years, and because widely accepted around the world due to its clear and logical structure. Their primary role is to:
Ensure a system of threat assessment, which can be co-existently performed by different people, Improve the objectivity by a clear and unambiguous criteria for the assessment of various factors that influence the risk of extinction of species, Provide a system that can facilitate comparation of threats of various species, Provide users of Red Lists with the ability of better understanding in classification of certain species.

For an adequate analysis of the situation, especially for making "Red Lists" as a preparatory phase of the "Red Book" is necessary to analyse the "herbal potential and its development" in terms of:
The natural plant resources - Phytocoenological map; Mapping the status of endangered, rare, vulnerable, at risk and protected species Economic (market) classification of medicinal plants; Determine the maximum annual quantities for certain plant species "quota".

9.1. STATUS OF MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES F B I H

R/b 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40 41. 42. 43. 44. 45 46. 47. 48. 49. Species Greater plantain (Plantago major L.) Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) Wild Bilberry , (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Arnica (Arnika montana L.) Birch (Betula pendula L.) Common ivy (Hedera helix L.) Cowberry (Vaccinium vitis idaea L.) Black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) Clumboss (Licopodium clavatu L.) Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) Wild Garlic (Allium ursinu L.) Chamaedry (Teucrium chamaedry L.) Restharrow (Ononis spinosa L.) Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L.) Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Iceland Moss (Cetraria islandica L.) Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) Cowslip (Primula verum L.) Primrose ( Primula officinalis L.) St. John'S Worth (Hypericum perforatu L.) Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Centaury (Centaurium umbellatum L.) Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula L.) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) Gentian (Gentiana lutea L.) Lime tree (Tilia tomentosa L.) Linden (Tilia plathyphyllos Scop L.). Violet (Viola odorata L.) Mother of Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Marshmallow (Taraxacum officinale L.) Ulmaria (Filipendula ulmaria L.) Elecampane (Inula helenium L.) Polypody (Polypodium vulgare L.) Abshinte (Artemisia abshintiu L.) Orchis (Orchis morio) Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfarfara L.) Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) Woundwort (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) Curry plant (Helichrysum italicum L.) Blaccthorn B.(Prunus spinos L.) Bearberry (Arctostphylos uva-ursi L.) Heather (Calluna vulgaris L.) Elder (Sambucus nigra L. ) Status of medicinal plant species economically rare endangered important * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * protected

Total number of 49 medicinal plant species are classified into three categories according to the economic (market) criteria: Economically important 49 (forty nine); Rare, indicating the transition to a vulnerable 8 (eight); Endagered 10 (ten) Nedded to be protected 7 (seven).

The main objectives of the total Phytocoenological aspects are: Support the shift from traditional harvesting and traditional management towards a sustainable bio-diversification; Create Income for the overall population of people involved in the rational exploitation, plantation growing and processing of medicinal plants.

9.2. CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ACCORDING TO THE MARKET

Medicinal plant species are classified according to the market into three categories: Economically important medicinal plant species category I (primary for the market) Economically important medicinal plant species category II (transfer from primary to secondary). Economically important medicinal plant species category III (secondary for the market).

ECONOMIC IMPORTANT ME DICINAL PLANTS OF CATEGORY I

Wild Bilberry (Vaccinium m.) Arnika (Arnica montana L.) Birch (Betula pendula Roth L). Common ivy (Hedera helix L). Cowberry (Vaccinium vitis idaea L Wild Garlic (Allium ursinum L.) Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L.) Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Iceland Moss (Cetraria islandika L). Cowslip (Primula veris L.) Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) St. JohnS Worth (Hypericum p. L.) Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula L.) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) Gentian (Gentiana lutea L.) Lime Tree (Tilia tomentosa L.) Linden (Tilia plathyphyllosa L.) Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Woundwort Anthyllis vulneraria Dog Rose (Rosa canina L.) Elder (Sambucus nigra L.)

ECONOMIC IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS OF CATEGORY II

Greater plantian (Plantago major) Plantian (Plantago lanceolata L.) Black henbane (Hyoscyamus n. L.) Chamaedry (Teucrium ehamadeus Clumboss (Lycopodium clavat..L.) Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca L..) Primrose Primula officinalis L Restharrow (Ononis spinosa L.) Violet (Viola odorata L.) Mother of Thyme (Thymus s. L.) Ulmaria (Filipendula ulmaria L.) Abshinte (Artemisia absinthium L.) Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) Tratinic (Bellis perennis L.) Blaccthorn B.(Prunus spinosa L.) Bearberry Aretostaphylos uva ursi

ECONOMIC IMPORTANT M EDICINAL PLANTS OF CATEGORY III

Curry Plant (Helichrysum it. L.) Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Dandelion (Taraxacum offi. L. Elecampane ( Inula helenium L.) Polypody Polipodium vulgare L.) Centaury (Centarium umbellat. L Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L) Heather (Calluna vulgaris L.)

9.3. ESTIMATED RESOURCES OF MAP SECTOR F BIH

On the basis of objective evaluation, determined extent and variety of medicinal plants, particularly their sustainability, the tables present maximum amounts per year to collect "quotas". While deciding on quotas (maximum annual quantity of collected medicinal plants), evaluation has been made on the basis of fresh biomass presented in tons (t.). The "quota" in the columns of tables for one or more municipalities was determined by an objective assessment (identical to the value of "quotas" for certain municipalities with a similar distribution of medicinal plant species, so that the "quota" applies to every municipality regardless of the tables shown as a group in the column). In determining the "quota" of particularly rare, endangered and protected species, the maximum appreciated fact was that the specified maximum annual amount will not endanger the species, even the above-mentioned categories have rapid trend towards the economically important plant species. Exploitation of certain species or their parts should be completely banned (arnica root, primrose root, edelweiss), and if necessary introduce periodic prohibition of exploitation (gentian and Iceland lichen). These groups of municipalities in the tables are arranged on the principle of cantonal structure, based on the principle of maximum allowable annual amounts of collection of medicinal plant species. A number of municipalities in the Federation has not specified tables, since they are not interesting from the standpoint of the diversity and distribution of medicinal plant species. Details of all relevant facts are presented on the web pages of AgroMediterranean and Agricultural and Technological Faculty of Mostar. GIS application is made for monitoring and information on medicinal herbs. data entry and relevant

Economically important medicinal plant Category: I; II; III. quota

Bokvica irokolisna (Plantago major L.) Bokvica uskolisna (Plantago lanceolata L.) Borovnica, (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Branka (Arnika montanaL.) Breza (Betula pendulaL.) Brljan (Hedera helix L.) Brusnica (Vaccinium vitis idaea L.) Bun (Hyoscyamus niger L.) Crvotoina (Licopodium clavatu L.) ubri (Satureja hortensis L.) Divlji luk (Allium ursinu L.) Dupac (Teucrium chamaedry L.) Gladika (Ononis spinosa L.) Glog (Crataegus monogyna L.) Imela (Viscum album L.) Islandski liaj (Cetraria islandica L.) Jagoda umska (Fragaria vesca L.) Jaglac (Primula verum L.) Jagorevina (Primula officinalis L.) Kantarion (Hypericum perforatu L.) Kadulja (Salvia officinalis L.) Kiica (Centaurium umbellatum L.) Kleka (Juniperus communis L.) Kopriva (Urtica dioica L.) Konjogriz (Cichorium intybus L.) Kruina (Rhamnus frangula L.) Kunica (Achillea millefolium L.) Kupina (Rubus fruticosus L.) Lincura (Gentiana lutea L.) Lipa bijela (Tilia tomentosa L.) Lipa crna (Tilia plathyphyllos Scop L.). Ljubiica mirisna (Viola odorata L.) Majina duica (Thymus serpyllum L.) Malina (Rubus idaeus L.) Maslaak (Taraxacum officinale L.) Medunika(Filipendula ulmaria L.) Oman (Inula helenium L.) Paprat slatka (Polypodium vulgare L.) Pelin (Artemisia abshintiu L.) Pelin (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Podbjel (Tussilago farfarfara L.)l Preslica (Equisetum arvense L.) Ranjenik (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) ipurak (Rosa canina L.) Smilje (Helichrysum italicum L.) Trnjina (Prunus spinos L.) Uva (Arctostphylos uva-ursiL.) Vrijesak (Calluna vulgaris L.) Zova (Sambucus nigra L.)

Bugojno, G. Vakuf,
neogranieno neogranieno

Busovaa, Vitez, Visoko

neogranieno neogranieno

Jajce, Dobreti, Kreevo

neogranieno neogranieno

Biha, B.Krupa
neogranieno neogranieno

Cazin, S. Most Kladua, Buim

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50 neogranieno neogranieno

10 neogranieno neogranieno

12 neogranieno neogranieno

12 neogranieno neogranieno

neogranieno neogranieno

3,0 3,0 0,2 3,0

neograniceno

1,0 1,5
neograniceno

2,0 3,0
neograniceno

1,0 3,0
neograniceno

2,0 2,0
neograniceno

2,0
neogranieno

1,0
neogranieno

3,0
neogranieno

2,0
neogranieno

2,0
neogranieno

15,0
neogranieno

10,0
neogranieno

12,0
neogranieno

12,0
neogranieno

8,0
neogranieno

5,0 0,5 2,0 3,0 2,5 1,0 30,0

neogranieno

0,1 0,1 1,0 0,4 2,5 0,5 7,0

neogranieno

0,1 0,3 1,0 1,5 2,0 0,5 15,0

neogranieno

0,1 0,2 1,0 1,5 2,0 0,5 15,0

neogranieno

0,2 0,2 0,2 0,5 1,5 0,5 8,0

neogranieno

0,3 5,0 2,5 15,0 2,0 9,0 6,0 0,1 2,5 1,0
neogranieno

0,2 3,0 1,5 10 7,0 5,0 0,1 2,0 neogranieno

0,3 0,1 2,0 15,0 5,0 3,0 0,1 2,5 0,2

neogranieno

0,5 0,1 3,0 15,0 6,0 4,0 0,1 2,5 0,2

neogranieno

0,4 2,5 5,5 7,0 4,0 0,1 3,0 0,1

neogranieno

2,5 0,5 1,0 0,3 1,5 9,0

neogranieno

1,0 0,1 0,5 0,4 2,0 8,0

neogranieno

2,5 0,5 0,2 0,4 1,0 10,0

neogranieno

2,5 0,4 0,2 0,6 1,5 10,0

neogranieno

2,0 0,3 0,1 0,5 1,0 8,0

neogranieno

0,1
neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

0,1
neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

2,5 4,5 15,0

3,0 8,0

0,4 2,0 8,0

1,0 2,0 12,0

0,5 3,0 10,0

Economically important medicinal plant Category: I; II; III. quota

Bokvica irokolisna (Plantago major L.) Bokvica uskolisna (Plantago lanceolata L.) Borovnica, (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Branka (Arnika montanaL.) Breza (Betula pendulaL.) Brljan (Hedera helix L.) Brusnica (Vaccinium vitis idaea L.) Bun (Hyoscyamus niger L.) Crvotoina (Licopodium clavatu L.) ubri (Satureja hortensis L.) Divlji luk (Allium ursinu L.) Dupac (Teucrium chamaedry L.) Gladika (Ononis spinosa L.) Glog (Crataegus monogyna L.) Imela (Viscum album L.) Islandski liaj (Cetraria islandica L.) Jagoda umska (Fragaria vesca L.) Jaglac (Primula verum L.) Jagorevina (Primula officinalis L.) Kantarion (Hypericum perforatu L.) Kadulja (Salvia officinalis L.) Kiica (Centaurium umbellatum L.) Kleka (Juniperus communis L.) Kopriva (Urtica dioica L.) Konjogriz (Cichorium intybus L.) Kruina (Rhamnus frangula L.) Kunica (Achillea millefolium L.) Kupina (Rubus fruticosus L.) Lincura (Gentiana lutea L.) Lipa bijela (Tilia tomentosa L.) Lipa crna (Tilia plathyphyllos Scop L.). Ljubiica mirisna (Viola odorata L.) Majina duica (Thymus serpyllum L.) Malina (Rubus idaeus L.) Maslaak (Taraxacum officinale L.) Medunika(Filipendula ulmaria L.) Oman (Inula helenium L.) Paprat slatka (Polypodium vulgare L.) Pelin (Artemisia abshintiu L.) Pelin (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Podbjel (Tussilago farfarfara L.) Preslica (Equisetum arvense L.) Ranjenik (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) ipurak (Rosa canina L.) Smilje (Helichrysum italicum L.) Trnjina (Prunus spinos L.) Uva (Arctostphylos uva-ursiL.) Vrijesak (Calluna vulgaris L.) Zova (Sambucus nigra L.)

Travnik, Fojnica, Konjic

neogranieno neogranieno

Prozor Jablanica D. Vakuf

neogranieno neogranieno

N.Travnik Hadii, Praa

neogranieno neogranieno

Zavidovii Olovo, Kakanj

neogranieno neogranieno

Breza, Vare Maglaj

neogranieno neogranieno

80,0 3,0
neogranieno neogranieno

50,0 0,3
neogranieno neogranieno

25
neogranieno neogranieno

5,0
neogranieno neogranieno

2,0
neogranieno neogranieno

15,0 2,0 0,2 1,0

neograniceno

10,0 1,5 0,1 2,0

neograniceno

8,0 1,5 0,1 2,0

neograniceno

0,2 1,0 3,0

neograniceno

0,1 2,0 2,5

neograniceno

2,0
neogranieno

1,0
neogranieno

2,0
neogranieno

2,0
neogranieno

2,0
neogranieno

12,0
neogranieno

10,0
neogranieno

8,0
neogranieno

12,0
neogranieno

8,0
neogranieno

5,0 0,4 3,0 2,0 2,0 1,5 50,0

neogranieno

5,0 0,2 1,0 2,0 1,0 1,0 20,0

neogranieno

5,0 0,2 2,0 1,5 2,0 1,0 20,0

neogranieno

0,1 0,2 0,5 1,5 2,0 1,5 15,0

neogranieno

1,0 0,2 0,2 0,5 1,0 1,0 10,0

neogranieno

0,3 5,0 2,5 20,0 3,0 10,0 6,0 0,5 2,5 1,0
neogranieno

0,2 0,2 2,5 10,0 1,0 8,0 5,0 0,5 2,5 1,0
neogranieno

0,2 0,1 2,0 10,0 0,5 5,0 2,0 0,1 2,0 0,2
neogranieno

0,5 5,0 3,0 20,0 0,1 8,0 4,0 2,0 0,2

neogranieno

0,3 2,0 2,0 1,0 -0,1 7,0 4,0 2,0 0,1

neogranieno

2,5 0,5 1,0 0,4 0,5 1,0

neogranieno

2,5 0,5 1,0 0,4 0,5 1,0

neogranieno

1,5 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,8 1,0

neogranieno

2,5 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,8 1,0

neogranieno

1,0 0,3 0,4 0,3 1,0 1,0

neogranieno

0,1
neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

0,1
neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

4,0 3,5 15,0

2,0 4,5 15,0

2,0 2,0 10,0

1,0 2,0 10,0

1,0 2,0 10,0

Economically important medicinal plant Category: I; II; III. quota

Bokvica irokolisna (Plantago major L.) Bokvica uskolisna (Plantago lanceolata L.) Borovnica, (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Branka (Arnika montanaL.) Breza (Betula pendulaL.) Brljan (Hedera helix L.) Brusnica (Vaccinium vitis idaea L.) Bun (Hyoscyamus niger L.) Crvotoina (Licopodium clavatu L.) ubri (Satureja hortensis L.) Divlji luk (Allium ursinu L.) Dupac (Teucrium chamaedry L.) Gladika (Ononis spinosa L.) Glog (Crataegus monogyna L.) Imela (Viscum album L.) Islandski liaj (Cetraria islandica L.) Jagoda umska (Fragaria vesca L.) Jaglac (Primula verum L.) Jagorevina (Primula officinalis L.) Kantarion (Hypericum perforatu L.) Kadulja (Salvia officinalis L.) Kiica (Centaurium umbellatum L.) Kleka (Juniperus communis L.) Kopriva (Urtica dioica L.) Konjogriz (Cichorium intybus L.) Kruina (Rhamnus frangula L.) Kunica (Achillea millefolium L.) Kupina (Rubus fruticosus L.) Lincura (Gentiana lutea L.) Lipa bijela (Tilia tomentosa L.) Lipa crna (Tilia plathyphyllos Scop L.). Ljubiica mirisna (Viola odorata L.) Majina duica (Thymus serpyllum L.) Malina (Rubus idaeus L.) Maslaak (Taraxacum officinale L.) Medunika(Filipendula ulmaria L.) Oman (Inula helenium L.) Paprat slatka (Polypodium vulgare L.) Pelin (Artemisia abshintiu L.) Pelin (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Podbjel (Tussilago farfarfara L.) Preslica (Equisetum arvense L.) Ranjenik (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) ipurak (Rosa canina L.) Smilje (Helichrysum italicum L.) Trnjina (Prunus spinos L.) Uva (Arctostphylos uva-ursiL.) Vrijesak (Calluna vulgaris L.) Zova (Sambucus nigra L.)

Ustikolina , Ilija, Gorade

neogranieno neogranieno

Teanj, Kladanj
neogranieno neogranieno

Livno, Tomislav
neogranieno neogranieno

Glamo, Drvar,
neogranieno neogranieno

Zenica, epe,
neogranieno neogranieno

3,0 neogranieno neogranieno

20,0
neogranieno neogranieno

20,0
0,5 neogranieno neogranieno

30,0
neogranieno neogranieno

8,00 neogranieno neogranieno

5,0 1,0 1,5

neograniceno

1,5 1,5
neograniceno

0,3 2,0 1,5

neograniceno

0,5 2,5 2,0

neograniceno

0,5 1,0
neograniceno

0,5
neogranieno

1,0
neogranieno

1,0
neogranieno

1,5
neogranieno

1,0
neogranieno

8,0
neogranieno

7,0
neogranieno

15,0
neogranieno

15,0
neogranieno

10
neogranieno

0,1 0,2 0,5 0,3 1,0 0,4 35,0

neogranieno

0,1 0,2 0,5 0,2 1,0 0,7 15,0

neogranieno

5,0 0,2 1,0 2,5 2,5 2,5 30,0

neogranieno

5,0 0,4 1,0 3,5 4,0 2,5 55,0

neogranieno

0,2 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,6 2,0 10,0

neogranieno

0,2 1,0 2,0

neogranieno

0,2 1,0 1,0

neogranieno

0,4 1,0 2,5

neogranieno

0,5 5,0 4,0

neogranieno

0,4 2,0 3,0

neogranieno

6,0 4,0 0,1 1,0 1,0

neogranieno

1,0 8,0 5,0 0,1 1,0 3,0

neogranieno

3,0 8,0 5,0 0,1 2,0 1,5

neogranieno

3,0 12,0 9,0 0,1 3,0 2,0

neogranieno

7,0 4,0 0,1 2,5 1,5

neogranieno

1,5 0,5 0,1 0,2 1,5 10,0

neogranieno

1,0 0,5 0,2 0,2 0,5 7,0

neogranieno

2,0 0,5 1,0 0,5 0,3 6,0

neogranieno

2,5 0,8 1,5 0,5 0,3 8,0

neogranieno

2,0 0,5 1,5 0,3 0,1 7,0

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

0,1
neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

1,5 2,0 15,0

1,0 1,5 12,0

2,0 4,5 20,0

2,0 4,0 20,0

2,0 4,0 20,0

Economically important medicinal plant Category: I; II; III. quota

Bokvica irokolisna (Plantago major L.) Bokvica uskolisna (Plantago lanceolata L.) Borovnica, (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Branka (Arnika montanaL.) Breza (Betula pendulaL.) Brljan (Hedera helix L.) Brusnica (Vaccinium vitis idaea L.) Bun (Hyoscyamus niger L.) Crvotoina (Licopodium clavatu L.) ubri (Satureja hortensis L.) Divlji luk (Allium ursinu L.) Dupac (Teucrium chamaedry L.) Gladika (Ononis spinosa L.) Glog (Crataegus monogyna L.) Imela (Viscum album L.) Islandski liaj (Cetraria islandica L.) Jagoda umska (Fragaria vesca L.) Jaglac (Primula verum L.) Jagorevina (Primula officinalis L.) Kantarion (Hypericum perforatu L.) Kadulja (Salvia officinalis L.) Kiica (Centaurium umbellatum L.) Kleka (Juniperus communis L.) Kopriva (Urtica dioica L.) Konjogriz (Cichorium intybus L.) Kruina (Rhamnus frangula L.) Kunica (Achillea millefolium L.) Kupina (Rubus fruticosus L.) Lincura (Gentiana lutea L.) Lipa bijela (Tilia tomentosa L.) Lipa crna (Tilia plathyphyllos Scop L.). Ljubiica mirisna (Viola odorata L.) Majina duica (Thymus serpyllum L.) Malina (Rubus idaeus L.) Maslaak (Taraxacum officinale L.) Medunika(Filipendula ulmaria L.) Oman (Inula helenium L.) Paprat slatka (Polypodium vulgare L.) Pelin (Artemisia abshintiu L.) Pelin (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Podbjel (Tussilago farfarfara L.) Preslica (Equisetum arvense L.) Ranjenik (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) ipurak (Rosa canina L.) Smilje (Helichrysum italicum L.) Trnjina (Prunus spinos L.) Uva (Arctostphylos uva-ursiL.) Vrijesak (Calluna vulgaris L.) Zova (Sambucus nigra L.)

Ilida, Vogoa, S.Grad. 8,0 5,0 0,3

neogranieno neogranieno

20,0 0,1
neogranieno

Mostar, apljina, Stolac 8,0 5,0 1,5 0,2 3,0 neogranieno

Ravno, Neum 4,0 2,0 1,0 2,5 neogranieno

itluk, Ljubuki, Posuje 2,0 1,0 0,2 1,5 4,0 neogranieno

Grude. Brijeg 2,5 1,5 0,3

3,0 neogranieno

4,0
neogranieno

4,0
neogranieno

4,0
neogranieno

5,0
neogranieno

4
neogranieno

0,1 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,2 10,0

neogranieno

0,1 0,2 1,0 150,0 0,5 neogranieno

0,1 0,5 1,5 50,0 0,5 neogranieno

0,1 0,5 1,0 65,0 0,5 neogranieno

0,1 0,2 0,6 20,0 2,0 neogranieno

0,1 1,0 0,3

neogranieno

0,2 1,0
neogranieno

0,4 0,5
neogranieno

0,2 0,6
neogranieno

0,2 0,5
neogranieno

2,0 5,0 0,3 3,0

neogranieno

3,0 2,0 2,0 neogranieno

1,0 0,5 2,0 neogranieno

0,5 0,3 2,0 neogranieno

6,0 4,0 2,5 neogranieno

0,3 0,1 0,1 0,4

neogranieno

0,3 0,1 0,2 0,2 neogranieno

0,5 1,0 0,5 0,3 neogranieno

0,5 0,5 0,5 0,3 neogranieno

0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

12,0
neogranieno

10,0
neogranieno

12,0
neogranieno

0,5 5,0

3,5 10,0

3,5 0,5

3,0 10,0

4,0 12,0

Economically important medicinal plant Category: I; II; III. quota

Bokvica irokolisna (Plantago major L.) Bokvica uskolisna (Plantago lanceolata L.) Borovnica, (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Branka (Arnika montanaL.) Breza (Betula pendulaL.) Brljan (Hedera helix L.) Brusnica (Vaccinium vitis idaea L.) Bun (Hyoscyamus niger L.) Crvotoina (Licopodium clavatu L.) ubri (Satureja hortensis L.) Divlji luk (Allium ursinu L.) Dupac (Teucrium chamaedry L.) Gladika (Ononis spinosa L.) Glog (Crataegus monogyna L.) Imela (Viscum album L.) Islandski liaj (Cetraria islandica L.) Jagoda umska (Fragaria vesca L.) Jaglac (Primula verum L.) Jagorevina (Primula officinalis L.) Kantarion (Hypericum perforatu L.) Kadulja (Salvia officinalis L.) Kiica (Centaurium umbellatum L.) Kleka (Juniperus communis L.) Kopriva (Urtica dioica L.) Konjogriz (Cichorium intybus L.) Kruina (Rhamnus frangula L.) Kunica (Achillea millefolium L.) Kupina (Rubus fruticosus L.) Lincura (Gentiana lutea L.) Lipa bijela (Tilia tomentosa L.) Lipa crna (Tilia plathyphyllos Scop L.). Ljubiica mirisna (Viola odorata L.) Majina duica (Thymus serpyllum L.) Malina (Rubus idaeus L.) Maslaak (Taraxacum officinale L.) Medunika(Filipendula ulmaria L.) Oman (Inula helenium L.) Paprat slatka (Polypodium vulgare L.) Pelin (Artemisia abshintiu L.) Pelin (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Podbjel (Tussilago farfarfara L.) Preslica (Equisetum arvense L.) Ranjenik (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) ipurak (Rosa canina L.) Smilje (Helichrysum italicum L.) Trnjina (Prunus spinos L.) Uva (Arctostphylos uva-ursiL.) Vrijesak (Calluna vulgaris L.) Zova (Sambucus nigra L.)

Kalesija, Sapna
neogranieno neogranieno

Tuzla, Lukavac,
neogranieno neogranieno

Banovii, ivinice
neogranieno neogranieno

Graanica Doboj. I.
neogranieno neogranieno

Gradaac, Sapna, eli

neogranieno neogranieno

neogranieno neogranieno

neogranieno neogranieno

15,0 neogranieno neogranieno

neogranieno neogranieno

neogranieno neogranieno

0,5 0,1
neogranieno

0,5 0,2
neogranieno

0,1 1,2 15,0 0,3

neogranieno

0,4 0,2
neogranieno

0,5 0,2
neogranieno

6,0
neogranieno

7,0
neogranieno

10,0
neogranieno

5,0
neogranieno

4,0
neogranieno

0,1 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,2 neogranieno

0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,1 neogranieno

0,3 0,3 0,4 1,0 0,3 10,0

neogranieno

0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,1 neogranieno

0,2 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,2 neogranieno

0,1 0,3
neogranieno

0,1 0,3
neogranieno

0,2 7,0 0,4

neogranieno

0,1 0,2
neogranieno

0,2 0,3
neogranieno

20,0 10,0 neogranieno

4,0 2,0 neogranieno

8,0 1,0 neogranieno

3,0 1,0 neogranieno

2,0 1,0 neogranieno

0,3 0,1 0,1 0,4

neogranieno

0,3 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,4

neogranieno

0,3 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,8

neogranieno

0,3 0,1 0,1 0,5

neogranieno

0,3 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,5

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

0,5 8,0

0,4 15,0

0,8 25,0

0,5 15,0

0,3 15,0

Economically important medicinal plant Category: I; II; III. quota

Bokvica irokolisna (Plantago major L.) Bokvica uskolisna (Plantago lanceolata L.) Borovnica, (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Branka (Arnika montanaL.) Breza (Betula pendulaL.) Brljan (Hedera helix L.) Brusnica (Vaccinium vitis idaea L.) Bun (Hyoscyamus niger L.) Crvotoina (Licopodium clavatu L.) ubri (Satureja hortensis L.) Divlji luk (Allium ursinu L.) Dupac (Teucrium chamaedry L.) Gladika (Ononis spinosa L.) Glog (Crataegus monogyna L.) Imela (Viscum album L.) Islandski liaj (Cetraria islandica L.) Jagoda umska (Fragaria vesca L.) Jaglac (Primula verum L.) Jagorevina (Primula officinalis L.) Kantarion (Hypericum perforatu L.) Kadulja (Salvia officinalis L.) Kiica (Centaurium umbellatum L.) Kleka (Juniperus communis L.) Kopriva (Urtica dioica L.) Konjogriz (Cichorium intybus L.) Kruina (Rhamnus frangula L.) Kunica (Achillea millefolium L.) Kupina (Rubus fruticosus L.) Lincura (Gentiana lutea L.) Lipa bijela (Tilia tomentosa L.) Lipa crna (Tilia plathyphyllos Scop L.). Ljubiica mirisna (Viola odorata L.) Majina duica (Thymus serpyllum L.) Malina (Rubus idaeus L.) Maslaak (Taraxacum officinale L.) Medunika(Filipendula ulmaria L.) Oman (Inula helenium L.) Paprat slatka (Polypodium vulgare L.) Pelin (Artemisia abshintiu L.) Pelin (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Podbjel (Tussilago farfarfara L.) Preslica (Equisetum arvense L.) Ranjenik (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) ipurak (Rosa canina L.) Smilje (Helichrysum italicum L.) Trnjina (Prunus spinos L.) Uva (Arctostphylos uva-ursiL.) Vrijesak (Calluna vulgaris L.) Zova (Sambucus nigra L.)

Srebrenik Busovaa
neogranieno neogranieno

Teoak, Cazin, Klju

neogranieno neogranieno

B.Petrovac

Klju
neogranieno neogranieno

Usora, Doboj jug

neogranieno neogranieno

Kupres, B.Grahovo
neogranieno neogranieno

neogranieno neogranieno

10,0 neogranieno neogranieno

35,0
neogranieno neogranieno

neogranieno neogranieno

35,0
neogranieno neogranieno

0,5 0,2
neogranieno

1,0 0,2 0,6 0,2

neogranieno

2,0 2,5 2,0 30,0 1,5

neogranieno

0,5 0,1
neogranieno

0,7 2,5 2,0 30,0 1,5

neogranieno

8,0
neogranieno

8,0
neogranieno

25,0
neogranieno

6,0
neogranieno

25,0
neogranieno

0,1 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,3 neogranieno

0,2 0,1 0,3 0,6 0,1 neogranieno

2,0 0,4 0,4 3,5 5,0 2,5 40,0

neogranieno

0,1 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,2 neogranieno

1,0 0,4 1,0 3,5 5,0 2,5 40,0

neogranieno

0,2 0,4
neogranieno

0,1 0,5
neogranieno

0,4 1,0 4,0

neogranieno

0,1 0,3
neogranieno

0,4 1,0 4,0

neogranieno

6,0 3,0 2,0 neogranieno

4,0 2,0 2,0 neogranieno

0,1 10,0 7,0 2,0 2,0

neogranieno

4,0 2,0 1,0 neogranieno

0,1 10,0 7,0 3,0 2,0

neogranieno

0,4 0,1 0,1 0,4

neogranieno

0,3 0,5 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,6

neogranieno

2,5 0,8 1,5 0,5 0,3 7,0

neogranieno

0,3 0,1 0,1 0,4

neogranieno

2,5 0,8 1,5 0,5 0,3 7,0

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

neogranieno

0,5 0,8 12,0

0,8 0,8 20,0

2,0 4,0 20,0

0,5 3,0

2,0 4,0 20,0

10. CALENDAR OF COLLECTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Plants name/month
Greater plantian ( Plantago mayor L.) Plantian (Plantago lanceolata L.) Wild Bilberry(Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Arnika (Arnika montana L.) Birch (Betula pendula L.) Common ivy (Hedera helix L.) Cowberry (Vaccinium vitis idaea L.) Black henban (Hyoscyamus niger L.) Clumboss (Licopodium clavatu L.) Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) Wild Garlic (Allium ursinu L.) Chamaedry (Teucrium chamaedry L.) Restharrow (Ononis spinosa L.) Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L.) Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Iceland Moss (Cetraria islandica L.) Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) Cowslip (Primula verum L.) Primrose ( Primula officinalis L.) St. JohnS Worth (Hypericum p. L. Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Centaury (Centaurium umbellatum L.) Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula L.) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) Gentian (Gentiana lutea L.) Lime Tree (Tilia tomentosa L.) Linden (Tilia plathyphyllos Scop L.). Violet (Viola odorata L.)

10

11

Mother of Thyme (Thymus serpy. L.) Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) Ulmaria (Filipendula ulmaria L.) Elecampane (Inula helenium L.) Polypody (Polypodium vulgare L.) Abshinte (Artemisia abshintiu L.) Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris L.) Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfarfara L.) Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) Woundwort (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) Dog Rose (Rosa canina L.) Curry Plant (Helichrysum italicum L. Blaccthorn Blooms (Prunus spinos L. Bearberry (Arctostphylos uva-ursi L.) Heather (Calluna vulgaris L.) Elder (Sambucus nigra L. )

Legend:

Flower;

Leaf;

Plant;

Fruit;

Seed;

Root

11. ECONOMIC IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES

Greater plantian (Plantago major L.)

Plantian (Plantago lanceolata L.)

Wild Bilberry Arnica (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) (Arnika montana L.)

Birch (Betula pendula L.)

Common ivy (Hedera helix L.)

Cowberry Clumboss (Vaccinium vitis idaea L.) (Licopodium clavatu

Savory (Satureja hortensis L.)

Wild Garlic (Allium ursinu L.)

Chamaedry (Teucrium chamaedry L.)

Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna

Mistletoe (Viscum album L.)

Iceland Moss (Cetraria islandica L.)

Primrose ( Primula officinalis L.)

Cowslip (Primula verum L.)

St. JohnS (Hypericum perforatu L.)

Centaury (Centaurium umb.L.)

Sage (Salvia officinalis L.)

Juniper (Juniperus comm. L.)

Nettle (Urtica dioica L.)

Common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)

Buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula L)

Chaste tree (Vitex agnus)

Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.)

Gentian (Gentiana lutea L.)

Lime Tree (Tilia tomentosa L.)

Violet (Viola odorata L.)

Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Mother of Thyme Dandelion Elecampane (Thymus serpyllum L.) (Taraxacum officinale L.) (Inula helenium L.)

Coltsfoot Horsetail Polypody Abshinte (Tussilago farfarfara L.) (Equisetum arvense L.) (Polypodium vulgare L). (Artemisia abshintiu L.)

Wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris L.)

Wild Strawberry (Fragaria veska)

Blaccthorn Blooms Bearberry (Prunus spinos L.) (Arctostphylos uva-ursi L.)

Elder (Sambucus nigra)

Heather (Calluna vulgaris L.)

Pennyroyal Valerian (Mentha pulegium) (Valeriana officinalis)

CONCLUSION
This document - The study provides an opportunity to increase the level of knowledge in all aspects of medicinal plants. There is a lack of coordination in the MAP sector. Necessary support and coordination of all stakeholders, governmental and non-governmental sector, especially scientific and educational institutions to the MAP sector is under control, conserve biodiversity, achieve economic and environmental aspects of a large number of families in the most difficult economic conditions -extremely rural areas. It is necessary to mobilize financial, human and technical resources for the continuation of the activities listed in this Study. The study is necessary to test and improve the key issues that need to be constantly upgraded (list - inventories, quota system, associations, collectors, growers and processors, training collectors, introducing sustainable best practices and certification, local brands, etc.). Restrict exploitation, unsustainable way. especially of some medicinal plant species in an

Regulate the MAP sector better with legal provisions To insist on the management framework of MAP sector at the state level. There is a lack of information whether collecting medicinal plants is sustainable or distorts from year to year .
Up to now there was no system of MAP sector "quota" in the classification

status of plant species.

It is necessary to do develop management plans for areas of collecting and growing in MAP sector. Develop methods and systems for improving equality in the distribution of profits: a collector, wholesaler and retail. Seek to develop a domestic market for MAP products by implementing a marketing campaign for local products and promoting innovative measures to add value in terms of import substitution and extend the range of exports. Propose to the Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry critical need to support the financial input for the development

of the "Red List" under the jurisdiction of the Forestry, Agriculture and Natural Mathematical Faculty of the final order for "red book". Electronically (digitized - GIS technology) manage medicinal plants. the resources of

LITERATURE
Devetak, Z. Tradicionalno i sadanje branje ljekovitog i aromatinog bilja u BiH, Sarajevo, 2001. Hadi, A. i saradnici, Studija za definisanje aktivnosti programa i sredstava za iskoritavanje samoniklog ljekovitog bilja i gljiva na podruju sarajevske makro regije po vrstama i koliinama. Kolak, I., atovi, Z. Rukavina, H. mogunosti proizvodnje i prerade ljekovitog i aromatinog bilja, Znastveni Glasnik, br. 5-6 Zagreb 1998. Mallet, P. certifikat o umskim plodovima, izazovi i mogunosti. Sarajevo, 2000. Tanovi, N. Ljekovitim biljem i ishranom do zdravlja. Sarajevo, 2004. Tanovi, N. sakupljanje, uzgoj i prerada ljekovitog bilja i gljiva. Sarajevo 2010. Tanovi, N. Atlas ljekovitog bilja i gljiva . Sarajevo 2010. USAID- LAMP. Dobra proizvodna i sakupljaka poljoprivredna praksasektor ljekovitog i aromatinog bilja. neum 2006.

CONTRIBUTIONS
ADRESS BOOK
FOREIGN TRADE CHAMBER OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Branislava ureva 10, 71000 Sarajevo Phone: +387 33 663 370, 202 809, 663 631 Fax: +387 33 214 292, 202 649, 662 632 Email: cis@komorabih.ba Web page: www.komorabih.ba Branislava ureva 10, 71000 Sarajevo Phone: +387 33 202 968 Fax: +387 33 214 292

ASSOCIATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND WILD FOREST PRODUCTS OF B H

CITZENS' ASOCIATON FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS AND PRODUCTS F BIH SARAJEVO
Butmirska cesta 40. 71.000 Sarajevo
Tel. 033 637 601

MINISTRY OF FOREIGN TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF BIH

Department for Foreign Trade Policy and Foreign Investment Musala 9, 71000 Sarajevo Tel: +387 33 663 863 Fax: +387 33 220 546

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, WATER MANAGEMENT AND FORESTRY

Marala Tita 15, 71 000 Sarajevo Phone: +387 33 203 428 Fax: +387 33 663 659

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND WATER MANAGEMENT OF R. S.

Vuka Karadia 4, 78000 Banja Luka Phone: +387 51 331 634 Fax: +387 51 331 631

FEDERAL MINISTRY OF PHYSICAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENT

Department of Environmental Protection Marala Tita 9a, 71000 Sarajevo Phone/Fax: +387 33 443 336 Email: azra.korac@fmpuio.gov.ba Web page: www.fmpuio.gov.ba

INSTITUTE FOR STANDARDS, MEASURING AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF BIH Hamdije emerlia 2/7, 71000 Sarajevo Tel: +387 33 652 765 Fax: +387 33 652 757 Email: info@basmp.gov.ba Web page: www.basmp.gov.ba Department: Technical Committee for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Standards

OVO PREVESTI NA ENGLESKI

MJESTO, DJELATNOST I ADRESE PODUZEA LJEKOVITOG BILJA I GLJIVA

1. GM prirodno bilje; 2. Ljekovito Bilje elikovi; 3. Vrbas IFA; 4. Mushroom; 5. ZZ Zelengora ; 6. Flores; 7. Kozarabilje; 8. Boletus; 9. Natur FarM; 10. Terra Eco; 11. Plantago; 12. Hercegovina Bilje; 13. Roing ; 14. Biljana; 15. Vextra ; ZZ Radobolja; 16. Flora; 17. umski Plod; 18. Neven; 19. Faveda / Heljda Eko / Herba Eko / Herbe Naturale / Klas 20. ZZ Agrokoop; 21. ZZ Agriplod ; 22. Pharmamed; 23. Elmar; 24. Frutti F.; 25. Halilovi; 26. Smrak.

Development of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) Sector in the Federation BiH

Trebinjskih brigada 11 Trebinje 89101 Juna Bosna i Hercegovina Tel: +387 65 688 356 Fax: +387 59 260 647 -mail: andjelic@post.com

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Development of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) Sector in the Federation BiH

KARTE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. RELJEFNA KARTA BIH LITOLOKA KARTA BIH PEDOLOKA KARTA BIH KARTA KORITENJA ZEMLJITA BIH KARTA MINIRANIH PODRUJA

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