BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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3.0 THREE PHASE SYSTEM

Three phase colour codes

Wiring connection or a three phase s!ste"

The trans"ission and distri#ution o electric po$er to residences% co""ercial esta#lish"ents and industrial are "ost acco"plished "ostl! #! "eans o three phase net$or&ing consisting o trans or"ers% trans"ission and distri#ution lines% and associated protecti'e s!ste"s% such as rela!s% circuit #rea&ers% uses% etc( In act% "ost o the #alanced three phases s!ste" uni'ersall! use three phase s!ste"s( In a #alanced three phase s!ste"% there are three sinusoidal 'oltage sources o e)ual a"plitude and e)ual re)uenc! o 'ariation #ut out o phase $ith each other #! *20+ or ,- electrical( Three phase po$er s!ste" are "ore e icient and ro#ust and possess operational ad'antages o'er single phase s!ste"s( This chapter $ill discuss a#out./ *0 T$o "ethods o three phase connection( 20 Relationship #et$een phase and line currents and 'oltages( 1T!pe the co"pan! address2

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

30 The "ethods o s!ste"( connection

ELE 290
or "easuring the po$er in three phase

Three phase s!ste" connection can #e di'ided into 2/groups $hich are./ *( Star4$!e connection 2( 5elta46 connection Both o the connection stated a#o'e can #e in #alanced or un#alanced connection(

3.0.1 THE PHASE SEQUENCE

The phase se)uence is de ined as the se)uence or the order in $hich the phase 'oltages attain their "a7i"u" 'alues( The phase se)uence is re erred to as RE5/ 8ELL9W/BL:E or positi'e se)uence $hen the 'oltage RE5 leads that o phase 8ELL9W and the 'oltage 8ELL9W leads the 'oltage o phase BL:E( In this topic% onl! positi'e or RE5/8ELL9W/BL:E se)uence is co'ered(

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BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ELE 290

3.0.2 STAR/WYE connection (Balance !

VBN 120 120 120 VYN VRN

Sche"atic diagra" or W8E/connection

;hase 'oltage phasor diagra"

It can #e seen that ro" the phasor diagra" or phase 'oltage that./
V RN =V 0 a0 <oltage phase Red/Neutral VYN =V120 #0 <oltage ;hase 8ello$/Neutral V BN =V240 =V 120 c0 <oltage phase Blue/Neutral

Line 'oltage can #e deri'ed ro" 'oltage su""ation o phase 'oltages./ a0 <oltage Line Red/8ello$

V RY =V RN VYN
=V 0V120 =V (1 + j 0) V ( 0.5 j 0.866) =V (1.5 + j 0.866) = 3 30 V

#0 <oltage Line 8ello$/Blue

VYB =VYN V BN
=V120V+120 =V ( 0.5 j 0.866) V ( 0.5 + j 0.866) =V (0 + j1.732) = 390 V

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BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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c0 <oltage Line Blue/Red

V BR =V BN V RYN

=V+120 V 0 =V ( 0.5 + j 0.866) V (1 + j 0) =V ( 1.5 + j 0.866) = 3 150 V

VBR

VBN 30 VYN VYB 30

VRY 90 VRN

;hasor diagra" or line 'oltages

Since <RN% <BR and <8B are all line 'oltages% the e)uation #et$een line 'oltages and phase 'oltages can #e si"pli ied as./
VLINE = 3VPHASE

I LINE = I PHASE

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3.0.3 "elta/# connection (Balance !

Sche"atic diagra" or 6/connection

=ro" the sche"atic diagra" or delta connected% it can #e seen that the line 'oltage and phase 'oltage is e)ual.
V RY =V RN =V 0 *0 <oltage line Red > 8ello$ ? <oltage phase Red > neutral VYB =VYN =V 0 20 <oltage line 8ello$ / Blue ? <oltage phase 8ello$ > neutral V RB =V BN =V 0 30 <oltage line Red > Blue ? <oltage phase Blue > neutral

V LINE = V PHASE Thus% in general% $e can e)uate that 'oltage line is e)ual to 'oltage phase

The currents lo$ing in the delta connected can #e denoted as./ *0 Line currents ? IAa% IB# and ICc 20 ;hase currents ? Ia#% I#c and Ica The 'alues o line currents "a! #e ound out #! appl!ing @CL on nodes A% B and C(
I Aa = I ba I ca I Bb = I cb I ba I Cc = I ac I cb

When the phase current are #alanced% the line currents can #e o#tained ro" the phasor diagra" as $ell(

I ac I ba I Bb I cb

I Cc

I cb 30 I ba I Aa

;hasor diagra" o the phase and line currents or a #alanced delta connected s!ste"

I ac

=ro" the phasor diagra"% ta&ing I #a as the re erence phasor% then the line current are gi'en #!./
I Aa = 3 I PHASE 30 I Bb = 3 I PHASE 150 I Cc = 3 I PHASE 90

Where I;AASE is the "agnitude o the phase current( I I ;AASE and ILINE represent the "agnitude o phase and line current% respecti'el!% in a #alanced delta/connected s!ste"% then./

I LINE = 3 I PHASE

3.1 P$WER %N THREE PHASE SYSTEM

The calculation or po$er in three phase s!ste" can #e used or 8 > connection and or 6 / connection( In other $ords% it is the sa"e e)uation that can #e used or #oth connections(

i0

Real po$er BW0

The real po$er deli'ered to each phase is.
PPHASE = V PHASE I PHASE cos (W )

Where C is the phase angle #et$een I;AASE and <;AASE The total three phase po$er to the #alanced load is.
P3PHASE = 3 V PHASE I PHASE cos (W ) P3PHASE = 3 V LINE I LINE cos (W )

ii0

Reacti'e po$er B<ars0

The real po$er deli'ered to each phase is.
PPHASE = V PHASE I PHASE sin (Vars )

Where C is the phase angle #et$een I;AASE and <;AASE The total three phase po$er to the #alanced load is.
P3PHASE = 3 V PHASE I PHASE sin (Vars ) P3PHASE = 3 V LINE I LINE sin (Vars )

iii0

Apparent po$er B<A0

The real po$er deli'ered to each phase is.
PPHASE = V PHASE I PHASE (VA)

Where C is the phase angle #et$een I;AASE and <;AASE The total three phase po$er to the #alanced load is.
P3PHASE = 3 V PHASE I PHASE (VA) P3PHASE = 3 V LINE I LINE (VA)

Tutorials 1. The three-phase balanced system as shown in the Figure (1) has per-phase load of ZY = (4+j1 ! " and the supply line #olta$e is %& = 41'()*% (rms! and the phase se+uence is a-b-c. ,etermine the followin$-i! ii! iii! i#! .hase #olta$es (%an/ %bn/ %cn! &ine current (01a/ 02b/ 03c! Total three phase acti#e power/ reacti#e power and apparent power. ,raw the phasor dia$ram showin$ the relationship between currents and #olta$es.

Figure (1)

. The three-phase 4-connected $enerator represented in Figure Q2 is dri#in$ a balanced load such that each phase current is 1)1 in ma$nitude. 5hen 0 6a = 1)(7)o1/ determine the followin$i! ii! The polar e8pression for the other phase currents The polar e8pression for each of the line currents

Figure Q2

7. Three similar coils/ each which has impedance ) + j' are connected in three-phase system 41' %/ ')9: supply. ,raw the circuit dia$ram and calculate the followin$ when connected in star. i! ii! iii! i#! #! 0mpedance in each phase .ower factor of the coil .hase current &ine current Total power absorbed by the coil.

4. 1 balanced three phase system as shown in Figure Q4/ maintained at constant #olta$e and fre+uency is to supply a three- phase load/ with three sin$le-phase impedance. 0f Vab = 44) (7)* %/ find-

i! ii!

The load phase currents IAB/ IBC/ and ICA. The real power/ reacti#e power/ apparent power and the power factor of the load.

Figure Q4

'. ,raw the followin$ connection in three phase balanced system with all parameters bein$ labelledi! ii! 5ye-,elta 5ye-5ye

;. <8plain briefly how does three phase #olta$es are bein$ produced.

10 % is connected =. 1 balanced abc se+uence Y-connected source with Van =100

to a connected balanced load (>+j4! per phase.

i! ii!

3alculate the phase and line currents. 3alculate the total real/ reacti#e/ comple8 and apparent power at the source side.

>. 1 7 phase/ wye connected balanced load with a impedance of 7 + j;" per phase is connected to a wye connected source ha#in$ a line #olta$e of 44)%. ,raw the connection between the source and the load. 3alculate-i! ii! iii! i#! %olta$e phases for each phase ?a$nitude of line current .hase current for each phase @eal power/ reacti#e power and the apparent power for the 7 phase system

,raw the phasor dia$ram for the phase components (%olta$e phase and current phase!

A. 1 7 phase source is connected in parallel with a 7 phase loads consistin$ of--

1 7 phase motor with ratin$ of 7)B%1 at ).>'p.f. la$$in$ 1 7 phase weldin$ machine with ratin$ of )B5 at ).A)p.f. leadin$ 1 7 phase chiller unit with ratin$ of 1)B%ars at ).A'p.f. leadin$

,raw the dia$ram representin$ the source and load connection. ,etermine-i! The real power/ reacti#e power and apparent power for each load

ii!

The total apparent power for the o#erall load.

1).

Figure Q11 Cor the three phase system in Figure Q11 abo#e/ findi! The phase #olta$e for each phase. ii! The ma$nitude of line currents. iii! The total real and reacti#e power of the system.