E41-1.

2 Using the classical relation between the momentum and the kinetic energy, show that the de Broglie wavelength of an electron can be written (a) as .226 nm, in which K is the kinetic energy in electron volts, or (b) = 1 K 1.5 V = nm. Where V is the accelerating potential in volts. [Constants
V

would be given] Solution: As K.E. has been given in eV, we may follow this method: hc = h p = 2mc2 K E = mc2 = (9.111031 kg)(9.01016 (m/s)2 ) = 81.991015 kg.m2 .s2 (J ) = 81.99 1015 (J) (6.242 1018 eV) = 511keV. h = (6.63 1034 J.s) (6.242 1018 [eV]) = 41.384 1016 [eV.s] hc = (41.384 1016 eV.s) (3.0 108 m/s) = 123.9 108 eV.m = 1240eV.nm (a) = h/p and p2 /2m = K , then = 1240eV nm nm = = 1.226 K 2(511keV)K (b)(1/2)mv 2 = eV , so v = =
43.95691068 21.69.111050 V 2eV m hc 2mc2 K

=
1.5V V

h 2emV

6.631034 J.s 2(1.61019 )(9.111031 kg)V

nm =

nm

E41-1.4 The wavelength of the yellow spectral emission line of sodium is 589 nm. At what kinetic energy would an electron have the same de Broglie wavelength? Soln: p = h/ and p2 /2m = K , so K = (hc)2 /(2mc2 2 ). K = (1240eV nm)2 /2(511 103 eV)(589nm)2 = 4.34 106 eV E41-1.5 If the de Broglie wavelength of a proton is 0.113 pm, (a) what is the speed of the Proton and (b) through what electric potential dierence would the proton have to be accelerated from rest to acquire this speed? [Mass of proton = 1.671027 kg (a) p = h/. First Calculate for proton, mc2 = (1.67 1027 kg )(9.0 109 m.s2 )(6.242 1018 eV ) = 93.8 107 eV = 938 106 eV Speed, v = h/(m) = c(hc)/(mc2 ) = c(1240 109 eV.m)/[(938 106 eV )(0.113 1012 ] = 0.0117c Then v = 3510 km/s. (b) Kinetic energy, K = (1/2)mv 2 = (1/2)(mc2 )v 2 /c2 = (1/2)(938 106 eV)(0.0117c)2 /c2 = 0.0642 106 eV Potential =64.2 kV. E41-1.5 Singly charged sodium ions are accelerated through a potential dierence of 325 V. (a) What is the momentum acquired by the ions? (b) Calculate their de Broglie wavelength. (a) For a singly charged Na atom, no. of proton = no. of neutron 11: mass (m)22 (of proton mass). Also being a singly charged, you think of 1

only one proton extra. p = 2mc2 K/c2 . p = 2(22)(938 106 eV /c2 )(325eV ) = 3662 103 eV/c (b) = h/p, so = hc/pc = (1240eV nm)/[(3662 103 eV /c)c] = 338.8 106 nm Sample Problem: 46-6 An electron total energy E = 5.0 eV approaching a potential barrier (g.1), whose height Uo = 6.0 eV. The barrier thickness L = 0.7 nm. (a) What is the de Broglie wavelength of the incident electron? (b) What transmission coecient T follows from E E 1 U exp(2k L) T = 16 U o o (c) What would be the transmission coecient if the barrier thickness were reduced to 0.35 nm? If its height were increased to 7.0 ev? If the incident particle were a proton? Soln.: (a) Energy in eV, you should covert to Joule. Total energy E = K , = h/p = 2h mK = =
6.631034 J.s 2(9.111031 kg )(5eV )(1.61019 J/eV ) 34 6.6310 = 0.549 109 m = 145.761050

0.55nm

2 2m(Uo E ) (b) To nd T , among other things we need k = h (2 ) 2(9.111031 kg )(6.05.0eV )(1.61019 J/eV ) = 5 . 12 109 m1 = 34 6.6310 J.s k L = (5.12 109 m1 )(0.7 109 m) = 3.58
E 1 T = 16 U o E Uo 5 6

exp(2k L) exp(2(3.58)) = 2.222(exp(2(3.58))) = 1.73 103

=T =

5 16( 6 )

This means out of 100,000 electrons, only 173 can tunnel through the barrier. (c) Rest of calculation is easy. 46-4.22 An atom in an excited state has a lifetime of 12 ns; in a second excited state the lifetime is 23 ns. What is the uncertainty in energy for the photon emitted when an Electron makes a transition between these two states? Soln.: Find uncertainty for each states and add to nd total. Heisenberg principle For h convert to eV.s E1 = h/(2.t) = (4.14 1015 eV.s)/2(12 109 s) = 5.49 108 eV: and E2 = (4.14 1015 eV.s)/2(23 109 s) = 2.86 108 eV The sum is ET = 8.35 108 eV.