Object Oriented Programming

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Introduction to Object Oriented Programming with ActionScript 3.0

Scott Hutton, MindCross Training
312
April 14-17, 2008 Orlando, FL
MindCross Training & Consulting
Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Action Script 3.0

Scott Hutton MindCross Training
Target Audience
Those familiar with ActionScript (AS) 2 (procedural programming or using the timeline) Those new to object-oriented programming and AS3
Those new to AS programming, but with experience in other non-OO programming languages
Session 312 Introduction to Object Oriented Programming with ActionScript 3.0 Scott Hutton, MindCross Training
Page 1
Goals and Objectives

The goals and objectives of this presentation are to: Understand object-oriented (OO) programming terminology Gain the basic knowledge necessary to use OO with AS 3 Understand when to use procedural vs. OO programming Review and understand basic OOP examples in AS 3
Topics

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Concepts of object-oriented programming Procedural versus object-oriented paradigms Understanding the terms Working with classes Encapsulation Understanding inheritance and composition Coding with polymorphism
Page 2
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

The concepts
A technique Oriented around objects and data
ActionScript
AS 3 is object-oriented capable
Implementation of OO is optional
Procedural vs. Objected-Oriented

Two methods of programming

OOP is a way of organizing code

Separating everything into objects
Procedural concentrates on data and program functionality

Data Functionality Objects
Procedural programming Scripting languages

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Object-oriented programming Hides coding details into the objects
Page 3
Procedural Programming with Flash

Flash file: TrainingShell.fla
// Initialize screen var currentPageGLB:Number = 1; var lastPageGLB:Number = 5; this.dtPageNumber.text = "Page " +currentPageGLB + " of " + lastPageGLB; this.Prev.enabled = false; this.Prev.visible = false; this.mcMenu.visible = false; var nextSlide:String; var loader:Loader = new Loader(); var pageName:String = "flash/Slide1.swf"; var request:URLRequest = new URLRequest(pageName); loader.load(request); this.mcPlaceHolder.addChild(loader); // -------------------------------------------------// Define event listeners Next.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, goToNext); function goToNext(event_object:MouseEvent) { currentPageGLB++; nextSlide = "flash/Slide" + currentPageGLB + ".swf"; pageName = nextSlide; // _root.mcClick.gotoAndPlay(2); setPageInfo(); var request:URLRequest = new URLRequest(pageName); loader.load(request); this.mcPlaceHolder.addChild(loader); } // load Course menu var xml:XML = <items> <item label="Course Title" />
Course: TrainingShell.swf
. . .
Object-Oriented Terminology

Classes
A template, blueprint Involves hiding the details of the class Aids in the reuse of code An entity that exists in multiple forms; an entity having different behaviors Provides flexibility
Encapsulation
Inheritance and Composition

Polymorphism (overloading, overriding)

Page 4
What is a Class?

The foundation of object-based programming A blueprint comprised of

Properties Methods Events
Methodology for coding

An object is an instance of a class
Promotes maintainability and reusability

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Classes and Objects

The recording industry example
Download copy
Download copy
Recording industry and music subscription services
Download copy Download copy Download copy
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Page 5
Classes and Objects in Flash

Flash includes classes (components) that you can use

Object instances are automatically declared in Flash
Drag the component onto the stage
Class properties
Instance name
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Classes and Objects in Flash

Flash includes classes (components) that you can use

When the component is not placed on the stage
// Instantiate the object var myObject:Button = new Button(); myObject.label = "Hello world"; // Add to stage addChild(myObject);
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Page 6
Coding Classes in Flash

ActionScript file and Flash file in same directory

ActionScript file: Glossary.as
Directory: MindCrossExamples/Example1
package { public class Glossary {
Property: TotalWords
public var TotalWords:int = 10; public function WriteTotal() { trace("Total words: "+ TotalWords); } } }
Flash file: Example1.fla
Method: WriteTotal
var myGlossary:Glossary = new Glossary(); myGlossary.TotalWords = 10; myGlossary.WriteTotal();
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ActionScript file and Flash file in sub-directories

Directory
package Classes { public class Glossary { public var TotalWords:int = 10; public function WriteTotal() { trace("Total words: "+ TotalWords); } } }
MindCrossExamples Example1a Classes
import Classes.Glossary; var myGlossary:Glossary = new Glossary(); myGlossary.TotalWords = 10; myGlossary.WriteTotal();
Directory
MindCrossExamples Example1a
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Page 7

Using Classpath to define the directory for classes

Directory
Package { public class Glossary { public var TotalWords:int = 10; public function WriteTotal() { trace("Total words: "+ TotalWords); } } }
MindCrossExamples Classes
//no import statement required var myGlossary:Glossary = new Glossary(); myGlossary.TotalWords = 10; myGlossary.WriteTotal();
Directory
MindCrossExamples Example1a
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Encapsulation
Hides the details of the code and data

The developer decides what will be exposed to the users

Properties and methods can be public or private
Primary benefits

Modularity Information hiding What methods and properties will be made public
Object design
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Page 8
Encapsulation
Public properties and methods can be invoked by users

... private var _age:Number; public function CalcAge() { ... }
Flash example Textfield class

Public methods
17
Inheritance
The ability to inherit properties and methods from another class

Extends the functionality A subclass includes all the functionality of a higher level class Everything from a higher level class is automatically applicable to lower levels in the hierarchy Classes can be created from other classes
Classes are organized into a tree structure

Class hierarchies
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Page 9
Inheritance in Flash
Tree structure showing relationships of Flashs core display object classes

Class: DisplayObject Package: flash.display
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Inheritance in Flash
MovieClip class
... ... Public class MovieClip extends Sprite ... 20 Public class MyClass extends MovieClip ...
Page 10
Composition
Sometimes referred to as aggregation An object composed of other objects Contains an instance of a class
Composition Has a . . . Vehicle has a Tire Inheritance Is a . . . RaceCar is a Vehicle
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Composition
Composition
... import tire; Public class Vehicle{ { ... var myObject:tire = new tire(); ... }
Inheritance
... Public class RaceCar extends Vehicle ...
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Page 11
Coding Inheritance in ActionScript

Any class can be extended

ActionScript file: Examle3.as
Directory: MindCrossExamples/Example3
package { import flash.display.MovieClip; public class Example3 extends MovieClip { . . . } }
Requirements: import extends
var myObject:Example3 = new Example3(); . . .
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Method Returns with AS 3

Directory: MindCrossExamples/WelcomExample
Set up return data
package { import flash.display.MovieClip; import flash.text.TextField; public class WelcomeExample extends MovieClip { private var greetingMsg:String; public function sayHello():String { greetingMsg = "User: Hello world"; // get user information return greetingMsg; } } } this.Greeting.text = myObject.sayHello();
Flash file: WelcomeExample.fla
var myObject:WelcomeExample = new WelcomeExample();
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Page 12
Creating Properties in OOP

Directory: MindCrossExamples/WelcomExample
Create getter and setter function
package { public class Example4 { private var PrivTotalPages:int; public function get TotalPages():int { return PrivTotalPages } public function set TotalPages(setValue:int):void { Flash file: PropertyExample.fla PrivTotalPages = setValue; ... } var myObject:Example4 = new Example4(); } myObject.TotalPages = 53; } PageNumber.text = "Page "+currentPage+ " of "+myObject.TotalPages;
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Polymorphism
The same method name may be implemented in different classes Example

x and y properties are referenced the same way regardless of which class they are part of

Button Sprite MovieClip
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Page 13
Polymorphism
The code behind the method for each class is unique

Shape class
Circle sub-class
Square sub-class
Area method
Area method
27
Constructors

Methods used when an instance of a class is created Required to have the same name as the class
ActionScript file: Example6.as
package { public class Example6 { public function Example6() { trace("initiation code"); } } }

Flash file: Constructors.fla
Constructor method
... Constructors are automatically invoked during instantiation // Output - initiation code var myObject:Example6 = new Example6(); ...
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Page 14
Summary

OOP is a programming style Each class/object is responsible for a specific task A class is a combination of data and operations Encapsulation allows usage of the object, but, not knowledge of its coding techniques and private code An object is an instance of a class The objects functionality is dictated by the class from which it was created Classes are organized into a tree structure called inheritance hierarchy An object uses methods to provide functionality An object uses properties to hold variable information
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www.eLearningGuild.

Introduction to Object Oriented Programming with ActionScript 3.0

April 14-17, 2008 Orlando, FL

MindCross Training & Consulting

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Action Script 3.0

April 14-17, 2008 Orlando, FL

Goals and Objectives

April 14-17, 2008 Orlando, FL