BIR GLObAL fACTS & figUrES

FERROUS METALS

WORLD STEEL RECYCLING IN FIGUREs 20082012

Steel Scrap a Raw Material for Steelmaking

Ferrous Division

CONTENTS
Foreword Executive Summary Graphs & Tables World Crude Steel Production The Largest 12 Steel Producing Countries World BOF Production World EAF Production Total Metallics for Steelmaking in the World Steel Scrap for Steelmaking in the World Steel Scrap Use and Purchases for Steelmaking in the World Steel Scrap for Steelmaking in Major Countries Scrap Use in Iron and Steel Foundries in the World Volume of Global External Steel Scrap Trade Main Steel Scrap Importers Main Steel Scrap Exporters Main Flows of Steel Scrap Exports Major Net Steel Scrap Exporters Price Curve Glossary 2 4 8 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 13 17 18 18 19 20 27 28 29

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 1

FOrEwOrD
The new edition of our BIR ferrous report World Steel Recycling in Figures, which covers the five-year period between 2008 and 2012, highlights the importance of scrap as a global raw material for the worlds steelworks and foundries.

It is a great pleasure for me to announce the publication of the fourth edition of our World Steel Recycling in Figures report. This compilation of important statistics relating to the global ferrous scrap markets has enjoyed a very positive reception since it appeared for the rst time in 2010. In addition to scrap usage information for the EU, China, the USA, Japan, Russia and Turkey, we have updated our calculation models covering the entire use of steel scrap as a raw material for steelmaking and for global scrap use in iron and steel foundries. According to our gures, global scrap use in steelmaking has been between 440m and 570m tonnes per annum in recent years, while its annual use in iron and steel foundries has amounted to between 56m and 74m tonnes. We have also provided more information about world trade in steel scrap. For example, we show in a new graph the volume of global steel scrap trade, including inter-EU trade since the year 2000. In addition, we have developed four ow charts relating to steel scrap exports from the USA, the EU-27, Japan and Russia. And we complete our fourth edition of World Steel Recycling in Figures with an overview of 2012 export prices for the USA and the EU.

2 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

The scale of world trade in steel scrap underlines the need for a free raw materials market. Our industry lives from free trade worldwide, enabling us to bridge the global imbalance between net scrap exporters and net scrap importers. I would like to extend special thanks to Rolf Willeke, the BIR Ferrous Divisions Statistics Advisor, who compiled, prepared and evaluated all the gures in our report which has been extended by some four pages such that it contains a total of 38 graphs and tables seven more than its predecessor. For an even more accurate appraisal of the market, we want to continue to improve the steel scrap gures at our disposal, including our quarterly update of world statistics. We hope that World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008-2012 will be useful to you in your day-to-day business operations. Brussels, May 2013 Christian Rubach President of the BIR Ferrous Division

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 3

EXEcuTivE SummarY
Final figures for 2012 show a record world steel output and virtually unchanged global steel scrap use for steelmaking.
World crude steel production increased 1.2% in 2012 to a record-breaking 1.547bn tonnes, according to worldsteel. The growth came mainly from Asia and North America while crude steel production fell last year in the EU-27 and South America. Looking at the main scrap-using countries, worldsteel conrms in our last years statistics that Chinas crude steel production reached 716.54m tonnes in 2012 for an increase of 3.1% over the previous year; the countrys share of world crude steel production increased from 45.4% in 2011 to 46.3% last year. Other positives include increased crude steel production in the USA (+2.7% to 88.7m tonnes), in Russia (+2.3% to 70.4m tonnes) and in Turkey (+5.2% to 35.9m tonnes). In contrast, there were reductions in crude steel output in the EU-27 (-4.9% to 168.9m tonnes) and in Japan (-0.3% to 107.2m tonnes).

Global steel scrap use was unchanged at around 570m tonnes in 2012 although developments differed from country to country.
Regarding global scrap use, we are still dependent on estimates for many areas of the world. So, in collaboration with experts from the German Steel Federation (WV Stahl), we have calculated scrap usage in world steel production of around 570m tonnes in 2012 unchanged from 2011. Owing to last years 1.2% increase in world crude steel output, the proportion of steel scrap used in crude steel production fell from 37.3% to 36.8%. According to our calculations, there was also no change last year in own arisings (circulating scrap) at 200m tonnes. The proportion of own arisings used in crude steel production dropped from 13.1% to 12.9% as a result of mills efforts to improve yields through the wider use of continuous casting and of near-net-shape casting. For 2012, we have calculated unchanged steel scrap purchases by steelworks at around 370m tonnes. One of the main reasons why global steel scrap use did not mirror the increase in world steel output last year was the situation in China. As the worlds biggest steel producer, China is attracting particular attention regarding its scrap usage; in 2012, its steel industry sharply reduced its scrap usage by 12.3% to 79.8m tonnes despite the fact that the countrys crude steel production was in positive

4 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

territory (+3.1% over 2011). For the Chinese market, iron ore was cheaper for many months last year and so the cost of blast furnace iron was less than steel scrap for many of the countrys steelmakers. This assessment is supported by last years 6.8% growth in global pig iron production to 1.105bn tonnes an increase which was much higher than the 1.2% gain in world steel output. Chinese steelmakers also benetted from an increasing domestic scrap supply which caused prices to decline. Together, these facts limited Chinas need to import steel scrap. This is in line with the insistence of the countrys new president Xi Jinping that China will put more into its green efforts, including recycling and low-carbon developments. The EU-27 recorded a drop in steel scrap usage in 2012 (-6% to 94.1m tonnes) while the regions crude steel production fell by a smaller proportion (-4.9%). The biggest steel scrap user in the EU-27 was Italy on 20.8m tonnes (-5.8%). Also in decline during 2012 was steel scrap consumption in Russia (-4.4% to 20.1m tonnes), even though the countrys crude steel production increased 2.3%, and also in Japan (-4.6% to 35.5m tonnes) where crude steel output slipped only 0.3%. The only major positives in our least years statistics were the steel scrap usage gains in the USA and in Turkey. The increase in US steel scrap use (+9.4% to 61.7m tonnes) was greater than the growth in domestic crude steel production (+2.7%). A possible explanation for higher steel scrap usage in the USA is the increased use of lower-quality grades by integrated plants as they make use of their ability to dilute residuals in these lesser grades of scrap. Last years upturn in Turkish steel scrap consumption was around 5.1% to 32.4m tonnes although growth in the countrys crude steel production was higher still (+5.2%). But we can assume that in 2012, we also had a higher steel scrap usage in two other big steel producing countries, i.e. India and the Republic of Korea. India increased its steel output (+4.3% to 76.7m tonnes) and steel scrap imports (+32.4% to 8.180m tonnes), and the Republic of Korea increased its steel output (+0.8% to 69.1m tonnes) and steel scrap imports (+17.4% to 10.126m tonnes).

Global annual scrap use in iron and steel foundries is between 56m and 74m tonnes
We are able to present again a calculation model for global scrap use in iron and steel foundries, produced in collaboration with experts from the German Foundry Association (BDG) which is also responsible for the Secretariat General of the European Foundry Association (CAEF). Our calculations cover the period from 2008 to 2011; it was not possible to incorporate gures for 2012 because world casting production

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 5

is determined only by US magazine Modern Casting with a time lag of one year. It should also be pointed out that our calculation model takes into account the high pig iron usage for casting production in the iron and steel foundries of China and India. For 2011, we have calculated global scrap usage of 69.7m tonnes for a world iron and steel casting production of 82m tonnes. For the period 2008 to 2011, annual scrap use in iron and steel foundries amounted to between 56m and 74m tonnes. Furthermore, we have calculated annual scrap purchases by the worlds iron and steel foundries at around 43.1m tonnes for 2011.

In 2012, Turkey remained the worlds foremost importer of steel scrap whereas China sharply reduced its imports
In 2012, Turkeys overseas purchases of steel scrap climbed around 4.5% to 22.415m tonnes to reinforce the countrys position as the worlds foremost importer of steel scrap. As previously stated, it was similarly interesting to note substantially increased imports by the Republic of Korea (+17.4% to 10.126m tonnes) and by India (+32.4% to 8.18m tonnes). Also in positive territory last year were steel scrap imports into Canada (+22.6% to 2.343m tonnes). China recorded a substantial drop in overseas steel scrap purchases last year (-26.5% to 4.974m tonnes), while declines were also registered by Taiwan (-7% to 4.955m tonnes), the USA (-7.2% to 3.711m tonnes), the EU-27 (-8.1% to 3.412m tonnes), Indonesia (-9.9% to 1.944m tonnes), Malaysia (-11.4% to 1.816m tonnes) and Thailand (-9.4% to 1.701m tonnes).

The USA remained the worlds leading exporter of steel scrap in spite of a drop in 2012
In 2012, there was a decline in US steel scrap exports of around 12.2% to 21.397m tonnes from the high gure of 2011. But in spite of this drop, the USA remained the worlds leading exporter of steel scrap the biggest buyer of which was Turkey (+13.8% to 6.398m tonnes). It is also worth highlighting a steep decline in US shipments to China (-54% to 1.945m tonnes ) as well as a drop in Canadas steel scrap exports of around 12.1% to 4.248m tonnes.

6 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

Whereas EU steel mills reduced their steel scrap usage, the regions exports jumped 2.1% to 19.214m tonnes in 2012, with Turkey maintaining its position as the biggest buyer of EU steel scrap on 11.05m tonnes (+10.9% over 2011). It is noticeable that, in 2012, Turkey was the biggest buyer of steel scrap for all the main exporting countries of the EU-27. However, there was a sharp decline in EU shipments to China (-37.2% to 0.522m tonnes). The EU-27s internal steel scrap exports last year amounted to around 29.364m tonnes (-6.8% over 2011) a gure which was clearly higher than shipments to third countries and which conrms the active role of inter-EU trade in the raw materials supply chain for European steel production. After a difcult 2011, Japans steel scrap export volumes jumped 57.9% to 8.459m tonnes last year, with shipments to the Republic of Korea soaring 69.9% to 4.862m tonnes. The second biggest buyer of Japans exports was China on 3.13m tonnes (+28.2% over 2011). Clearly, Japans exports were positively inuenced by favourable short shipping routes. In 2012, higher overseas shipments of steel scrap were also recorded by Russia (+7.6% to 4.349m tonnes), Australia (+28.7% to 2.245m tonnes) and South Africa (+13.6% to 1.436m tonnes). Our new graph shows that worldwide, total external steel scrap trade reached 106.6m tonnes in 2012 (-1.9% over 2011), of which nearly 28% was attributable to inter-EU trade. It is also noticeable that all the worlds leading steel scrap exporters are major net steel scrap exporters: the export surplus was, for example, 17.7m tonnes for the USA and 15.8m tonnes for the EU-27 in 2012. Meanwhile, the gures for last year also show that steel scrap prices (as illustrated in the export prices of the USA and the EU) remained volatile, thus emphasising that this raw material is an international commodity subject to world market prices. Finally, market developments in 2012 highlighted the global importance of scrap as an ecologically benecial raw material for steelworks and foundries, and at the same time underlined the need for a free world raw material market. Rolf Willeke Statistics Advisor of the BIR Ferrous Division
World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 7

GraphS aND TablES

wORLD CRUDE sTEEL PRODUCTION sUMMARY (MILLION TONNEs)
2008 Europe of which: EU (27) CIS of which: Russia North America of which: United States South America Africa Middle East Asia of which: China Japan Australia / New Zealand 512.3 118.7 8.4 577.1 87.5 6.0 638.7 109.6 8.1 694.8 107.6 7.2 716.5 107.2 5.8 +3.1 -0.3 -19.9 91.4 47.4 17.0 16.6 783.0 58.2 37.8 15.4 17.7 810.3 80.5 43.9 16.6 20.0 916.7 86.4 48.4 15.7 23.0 986.5 88.7 46.9 15.8 24.2 1012.4 +2.7 -3.0 +0.7 +5.3 +2.6 68.5 124.5 60.0 82.6 66.9 111.6 68.9 118.9 70.4 121.8 +2.3 +2.5 198.2 114.3 139.3 96.9 172.8 108.2 177.7 112.7 168.9 111.0 -4.9 -1.5 344.3 2009 265.3 2010 314.7 2011 329.5 2012 319.8 % 2012/ 2011 -2.9

World

1341.2

1235.1

1431.7

1529.2

1546.8

+1.2

Source: worldsteel

8 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

WORLD CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION (MILLION TONNEs)

1 529 1 432 1 341 1 235 1 547 (+1.2%)

1 500 1 200 900 600 300 0

577

639

695

717 (+3.1%)

512

2008 World Steel Production

2009 Of which China

2010

2011

2012 Change:%2012/2011 Source: worldsteel

THE LARGEsT 12 STEEL PRODUCING COUNTRIEs (MILLION TONNEs)

2008 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 China Japan United States India Russia Korea Rep. Germany Turkey Brazil 512.3 118.7 91.4 57.8 68.5 53.6 45.8 26.8 33.7 37.3 30.6 19.9 2009 577.1 87.5 58.2 63.5 60.0 48.6 32.7 25.3 26,5 29.9 19.8 15.8 2010 638.7 109.6 80.5 69.6 66.9 58.9 43.8 29.1 32.9 33.5 25.8 19.8 2011 694.8 107.6 86.4 73.6 68.9 68.5 44.3 34.1 35.2 35.3 28.7 20.2 2012 716.5 107.2 88.7 76.7 70.4 69.1 42.7 35.9 34.7 33.0 27.2 20.7 % 2012/ 2011 +3.1 -0.3 +2.7 +4.3 +2.3 +0.8 -3.7 +5.2 -1.5 -6.7 -5.3 +2.4

10 Ukraine 11 Italy 12 Taiwan

Source: worldsteel

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 9

WORLD BOF PRODUCTION (MILLION TONNEs)

1 200
1 065 987 1 074 (+0,8%)

900

890

863

600

300

2008 BOF : Basic Oxygen Fumace

2009

2010

2011

2012 Change:%2012/2011 Source: worldsteel

WORLD EAF PRODUCTION (MILLION TONNEs)

1 200

900

600
409 344 411 449

452 (+0,7%)

300

0
2008 EAF : Electric Arc Fumace 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change:%2012/2011 Source: worldsteel

10 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

TOTAL METALLICs fOR STEELMAKING IN THE WORLD (MILLION TONNEs)

2008 Crude Steel Production of which Oxygen (BOF) Electric (EAF) (Share EAF of Crude Steel) in % Pig Iron (Ratio Pig Iron / Crude Steel) in % Steel Scrap (Ratio Steel Scrap / Crude Steel) in % DRI (Ratio DRI / Crude Steel) in % Total Metallics (Ratio Total Metallics / Crude Steel) in % 1341 890 409 30.5 949 70.8 530 39.5 68 5.1 1547 115.4 2009 1235 863 344 27.9 933 75.5 440 35.6 64 5.2 1437 116.4 2010 1432 987 411 28.7 1034 72.2 530 37.0 70 4.9 1634 114.1 2011 1529 1065 449 29.4 1035 67.7 570 37.3 72 4.7 1677 109.7 2012 1547 1074 452 29.2 1105 71.4 570 36.8 73 4.7 1748 113.0 +4.2 +1.4 0.0 +6.8 % 2012/ 2011 +1.2 +0.8 +0.7

Source: worldsteel, Midrex and own calculations by WV Stahl/BIR

STEEL sCRAP fOR STEELMAKING IN THE WORLD (MILLION TONNEs)

2008 Crude Steel Production Total Steel Scrap Use (Ratio Steel Scrap / Crude Steel) in % of which: Own Arisings (Circulating Scrap) (Share Own Arisings of Scrap Use) in % Purchases by Steelworks (Share Purchases of Scrap Use) in % of which: New Steel Scrap (Process Scrap) (Share New Steel Scrap of Total Purchases) in % Old Steel Scrap (Capital Scrap) (Share Old Steel Scrap of Total Purchases) in % 105 31.3 230 68.7 90 34.0 175 66.0 110 32.4 230 67.8 120 32.4 250 67.6 120 32.4 250 67.6 0.0 0.0 195 36.8 335 63.2 176 39.8 265 60.2 190 35.9 340 64.2 200 35.1 370 64.9 200 35.1 370 64.9 0.0 0.0 1341 530 39.5 2009 1235 440 35.6 2010 1432 530 37.0 2011 1529 570 37.3 2012 1547 570 36.8 % 2012/ 2011 +1.2 0.0

Source: worldsteel and own calculations by WV Stahl/BIR

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 11

STEEL SCRAP fOR sTEELMAKING IN THE wORLD

Million Tonnes 600 % 45 40

Ratio Steel Scrap / Crude Steel

500 400 300 200 100 0

Total Steel Scrap Use Own Arisings Purchased Steel Scrap Old Steel Scrap Old Steel Scrap New Steel Scrap

35 30 25 20

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Source: WV Stahl/BIR

STEEL sCRAP UsE AND PURCHAsEs fOR sTEELMAKING IN THE wORLD (MILLION TONNEs)
1 547 (+1.2%)

1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0

2008 Crude Steel Production 2009 Steel Scrap Use 2010 Steel Scrap Purchases 530 440 335 265 530 340 1 341 1 235 1 432

1 529

570 370

570 370

2011

2012 Source: worldsteel and WV Stahl/BIR

12 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

sTEEL sCRAP fOR sTEELMAKING IN MAJOR COUNTRIEs (MILLION TONNEs)

Steel Scrap Consumption 2012 EU-27 China USA Japan Turkey Russia 94.1 79.8 61.7 35.5 32.4 20.1 2011 100.1 91.0 56.4 37.2 30.8 21.0 % Change -6.0 -12.3 +9.4 -4.6 +5.1 -4.4 Crude Steel Production 2012 168.9 716.5 88.7 107.2 35.9 70.4 2011 177.7 694.8 86.4 107.6 34.1 68.9 % Change -4.9 +3.1 +2.7 -0.3 +5.2 +2.3

Source: worldsteel, EUROFER, CAMU, ISRI/USGS, DCUD, Japan Ministry of Economy, Impextrade LLC, Russia

STEEL SCRAP fOR sTEELMAKING IN THE EU-27 (MILLION TONNEs)

220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

2008 Crude Steel Production 2009 Steel Scrap Use 2010 2011 2012 Change:%2012/2011 Source: worldsteel and EUROFER 111.3 96.5 80.9 139.3 100.1 94.1 (-6.0%) 198.2 172.8 177.7 168.9 (-4.9%)

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 13

STEEL sCRAP fOR sTEELMAKING IN EU-27 COUNTRIEs (MILLION TONNEs)

Steel Scrap Consumption 2012 Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Luxembourg Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom 2.539 3.128 0.690 2.006 1.721 8.326 19.152 1.462 0.385 20.845 0.906 2.473 1.678 5.619 2.100 1.988 1.345 0.696 11.392 2.032 3.658 2011 2.526 3.181 0.910 2.288 1.668 8.747 19.794 2.270 0.526 22.132 0.409 2.824 1.765 5.971 1.520 2.330 1.188 0.734 13.118 2.349 3.890 %Change +0.5 -1.7 -24.1 -12.3 +3.1 -4.8 -3.2 -35.6 -26.8 -5.8 +48.2 -12.4 -4.9 -5.9 +38.2 -14.7 +13.2 -5.2 -13.2 -13.5 -6.0 Crude Steel Production 2012 7.421 7.301 0.632 5.072 3.759 15.609 42.661 1.247 1.542 27.216 0.805 2.208 6.879 8.366 1.866 3.780 4.403 0.632 13.628 4.326 9.579 2011 7.474 8.026 0.835 5.583 3.989 15.780 44.284 1.934 1.746 28.735 0.568 2.521 6.937 8.801 1.871 3.835 4.236 0.648 15.504 4.867 9.478 %Change -0.7 -9.0 -24.3 -9.2 -5.8 -1.1 -3.7 -35.5 -11.7 -5.3 +41.7 -12.4 -0.8 -4.9 -0.2 -1.4 +3.9 -2.4 -12.1 -11.1 +1.1

EU-27

94.139

100.139

-6.0

168.935

177.652

-4.9

Source: Steel Scrap Consumption: EUROFER, Steel Production: worldsteel

14 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

sTEEL sCRAP fOR sTEELMAKING IN cHina (MILLION TONNEs)

800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
2008 Crude Steel Production 72.0 83.1 88.1 91.0 79.8 (-12.3%) 512.3 577.1 694.8 638.7 716.5 (+3.1%)

2009 Steel Scrap Use

2010

2011

2012 Change:%2012/2011 Source: worldsteel and CAMU

STEEL SCRAP fOR sTEELMAKING IN THE USA (MILLION TONNEs)

100 80
66.0 88.7 (+2.7%)

91.4 80.5

86.4

60 40 20 0

58.2

60.0 53.0

56.4

61.7 (+9.4%)

2008 Crude Steel Production

2009 Steel Scrap Use

2010

2011

2012 Change:%2012/2011 Source: worldsteel and ISRI/USGS

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 15

STEEL SCRAP fOR sTEELMAKING IN Japan (MILLION TONNEs)

140 120 100 80 60
44.8 118.7 109.6 87.5 107.6 107.2 (-0.3%)

40 20 0
2008 Crude Steel Production 2009

29.8

38.4

37.2

35.5 (-4.6%)

2010

2011

2012

Steel Scrap Use

Change:%2012/2011 Source: worldsteel and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in Japan

STEEL SCRAP fOR sTEELMAKING IN turKeY (MILLION TONNEs)

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
2008 Crude Steel Production 2009 Steel Scrap Use 2010 2011 2012 Change:%2012/2011 Source: worldsteel and DGUD 29.1 26.8 22.9 25.3 21.5 25.3 34.1 30.8 35.9 (+5.2%)

32.4 (+5.1%)

16 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

STEEL SCRAP fOR sTEELMAKING IN Russia (MILLION TONNEs)

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
2008 Crude Steel Production 2009 Steel Scrap Use 2010 2011 2012 Change:%2012/2011 Source: worldsteel and UKRMET 20.1 13.7 21.5 21.0 20.1 (-4.4%) 68.5 60.0 66.9 68.9 70.4 (+2.3%)

sCRAP UsE IN IRON AND sTEEL fOUNDRIEs IN THE wORLD (MILLION TONNEs)
2008 Iron Steel and Malleable Casting Production Total Scrap Use (Ratio Scrap Use / Casting Production) in % of which: Own Arisings (Circulating Scrap)* (Share Own Arisings of Scrap Use) in % Scrap Purchases (Share Purchases of Scrap Use) in % 28.1 38.2 45.5 61.8 21.7 38.1 35.2 61.9 24.6 38.2 39.8 61.8 26.6 38.2 43.1 61.8 +8.3 +8.1 78.8 73.6 93.4 2009 67.6 56.9 84.2 2010 76.9 64.4 83.8 2011 82.0 69.7 85.0 % 2011/ 2010 +6.6 +8.2

Source: Modern Casting and own calculations by BDG/BIR * Own Arisings (Circulating Scrap) is the term for lumpy metal remains evolving during the casting process. Elements belonging to this process such as sprues, runners, ingates and feeders are essential to produce a raw casting, but they do not belong to the actual casting and are therefore eliminated during the nishing process of it. Rejects and scrap developing in the foundry are added to the Circulating Scrap as well.

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 17

VOLUME Of GLObAL EXTERNAL sTEEL sCRAP TRADE (MILLION TONNEs)

Steel Scrap External Trade Including EU Intra Trade
120 100 80
67.9 78.9 73.4 85.8 98.9 94.3 95.8 97.0 103.0 95.4 101.5 108.7 106.6

60 40 20 0

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

EU Intra Trade (Steel Scrap Trade between EU countries)

Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

MAIN STEEL SCRAP IMPORTERs (MILLION TONNEs)

2008 Turkey Korea Rep. India China Taiwan USA EU-27 Canada Indonesia Malaysia Thailand 17.415 7.319 4.579 3.590 5.539 3.571 4.809 1.674 1.899 2.293 3.142 2009 15.665 7.800 5.336 13.692 3.912 2.986 3.270 1.408 1.484 1.683 1.323 2010 19.192 8.091 4.643 5.848 5.364 3.775 3.646 2.226 1.642 2.292 1.282 2011 21.460 8.628 6.175 6.767 5.328 4.003 3.714 1.911 2.157 2.050 1.877 2012 22.415 10.126 8.180 4.974 4.955 3.711 3.412 2.343 1.944 1.816 1.701 % 2012/ 2011 +4.5 +17.4 +32.4 -26.5 -7.0 -7.2 -8.1 +22.6 -9.9 -11.4 -9.4

Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

18 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

MAIN STEEL SCRAP EXPORTERs (MILLION TONNEs)

2008 USA EU-27 Japan Russia Canada Australia South Africa 21.712 12.799 5.344 5.128 4.084 1.708 1.271 2009 22.439 15.779 9.398 1.202 4.792 1.925 1.144 2010 20.556 19.033 6.472 2.390 5.154 1.636 1.224 2011 24.373 18.813 5.442 4.042 4.832 1.745 1.436 2012 21.397 19.214 8.459 4.349 4.248 2.245 1.632 % 2012/ 2011 -12.2 +2.1 +57.9 +7.6 -12.1 +28.7 +13.6

Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

MAIN STEEL SCRAP EXPORTERs DEvELOPMENT 2008 vs. 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)
1.271 1.708 5.128 21.712 1.632 2.245 4.349 21.397

4.084

2008
12.799

4.248

2012
19.214

8.459 5.344

USA

EU-27

Japan

Canada

Russia

Australia

South Africa

Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 19

US STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

Biggest Buyers

Total Exports: 21.397 (-12.2%)

Turkey: 6.398 (+13.8%)

Taiwan: 3.509 (-0.9%)

Korea Rep.: 2.824 (-4.7%)

China: 1.945 (-54.0%)

India: 1.221 (+4.1%)

Canada: 1.155 (-21.1%)

Malaysia: 0.810 (-17.7%)

Change:% 2011/2010

Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

MAIN fLOws Of US STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

(-54.0%) (-4.7%)

1.945

(-21.1%)

1.155

2.824

(-0.9%) (-17.7%)

3.509

0.810

Total US exports 21.397

(-12.2%)

(+13.8%)

6.398

China Turkey Taiwan India

Canada Korea Rep. Malaysia

(+4.1%)

1.221

Change:% 2012/2011 Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

20 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

EU-27 STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

Biggest Buyers

Total Exports: 19.214 (+2.1%)

Turkey: 11.050 (+10.9%)

India: 2.665 (+19.2%)

Egypt: 1.367 (-2.5%)

China: 0.522 (-37.2%)

Pakistan: 0.468 Morocco: 0.454 (+28.6%) (+12.1%)

Vietnam: 0.368 (-15.2%)

Change:% 2011/2010

Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

MAIN fLOws Of EU-27 STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

Total EU-27 exports 19.214

(+2.1%)

(+10.9%)

11.050

Turkey India Egypt China Pakistan Morocco Vietnam

(+12.1%) (-2.5%)

0.454

(+28.6%)

0.468

1.367

(+19.2%)

2.665

(-37.2%) (-15.2%)

0.522

0.368

Change:% 2012/2011 Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 21

EU-27 EXTERNAL STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs bY COUNTRY (MILLION TONNEs)

Steel Scrap Exports by Main EU-27 Exporters to Third Countries

Exporters United Kingdom 2012 5.170 2011 5.376 %Change -3.8 Biggest Buyers Turkey India Egypt Pakistan Morocco USA Netherlands 2.839 2.570 +10.5 Turkey India Egypt China Vietnam Belgium Germany 2.230 1.651 2.248 1.674 -0.8 -1.4 Turkey Egypt Turkey India Switzerland Egypt France 0.908 0.765 +18.7 Turkey Morocco India Romania Sweden 1.724 0.869 2.061 0.758 -16.4 +14.6 Turkey Turkey Norway India Bulgaria 0.686 0.730 -6.0 Turkey Macedonia EU-27 Extra Trade 19.214 18.813 +2.1
Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

2012 2.330 1.311 0.426 0.205 0.173 0.155 1.671 0.246 0.192 0.180 0.120 1.313 0.662 0.652 0.385 0.246 0.079 0.529 0.153 0.074 1.724 0.383 0.113 0.100 0.598 0.071

2011 2.087 1.090 0.281 0.148 0.216 0.068 1.281 0.226 0.386 0.180 0.063 1.240 0.680 0.700 0.251 0.321 0.053 0.321 0.167 0.080 2.061 0.293 0.068 0.141 0.514 0.203

%Change +11.6 +20.3 +51.6 +38.5 -19.9 +127.9 +30.4 +8.8 -50.3 0.0 +90.5 +5.9 -2.6 -6.9 +53.4 -23.4 +49.1 +64.8 -8.4 -7.5 -16.4 +30.7 +66.2 -29.1 +16.3 -65.0

22 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

EU-27 INTERNAL STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs bY COUNTRY (MILLION TONNEs)

Main Steel Scrap Exports between EU-27 Countries

Exporters Germany 2012 7.857 2011 8.293 %Change -5.3 Biggest Buyers Netherlands Italy Luxembourg Belgium France France 5.248 5.485 -3.7 Belgium Spain Luxembourg Italy Netherlands 2.332 2.620 -11.0 Belgium Germany Finland United Kingdom 2.126 2.438 -12.8 Spain France Portugal Czech Republic Poland Belgium 1.981 1.648 1.394 1.992 1.672 1.273 -0.6 -1.4 +9.5 Germany Italy Germany Czech Republic France Luxembourg Netherlands Spain Austria 0.980 0.891 +10.0 Italy Germany EU-27 Intra Trade 29.364 31.506 -6.8
Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

2012 1.765 1.758 1.265 1.089 1.027 1.513 1.503 0.889 0.734 0.811 0.725 0.426 1.013 0.454 0.431 0.915 0.345 1.014 0.325 0.606 0.279 0.275 0.142 0.506 0.356

2011 2.154 1.548 1.488 0.980 1.234 1.618 1.657 0.686 0.763 0.949 0.874 0.390 1.162 0.363 0.427 0.977 0.387 1.180 0.294 0.517 0.257 0.286 0.056 0.453 0.337

%Change -18.1 +13.6 -15.0 +11.1 -16.8 -6.5 -9.3 +29.6 -3.8 -14.5 -17.0 +9.2 -12.8 +25.1 +0.9 -6.1 -10.9 -14.1 +10.5 +17.2 +8.6 -3.8 +153.6 +11.7 +5.6

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 23

Japan STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

Biggest Buyers

Total Exports: 8.459 (+57.9%)

Korea Rep.: 4.862 (+69.9%)

China: 3.130 (+28.2%)

Vietnam: 0.283 (+644.7%)

Taiwan: 0.189 (+397.4%)

Change:% 2012/2011 Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

MAIN fLOws Of JAPANEsE STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

Total Japan exports 8.459

(+57.9%)

(+28.2%)

3.130

(+69.9%)

4.862

Korea Rep. China Vietnam Taiwan 0.283

(+397.4%)

0.189

(+664.7%)

Change:% 2012/2011 Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

24 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

Russia STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

Biggest Buyers

Total Exports: 4.349 (+7.6%)

Turkey: 2.151 (+14.8%)

Korea Rep.: 0.904 (+33.9%)

Spain: 0.358 (+3.2%)

Latvia: 0.227 (+202.7%)

Change:% 2012/2011 Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

MAIN fLOws Of RUssIAN STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

0.227 (+202.7%)

Total Russia exports 4.349 (+7.6%) 2.151 (+14.8%) Turkey Korea Rep. Spain Latvia
Change:% 2012/2011 Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

0.358 (+3.2%)

0.904 (+33.9%)

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 25

Canada STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

Biggest Buyers

Total Exports: 4.248 (-12.1%)

USA: 3.011 (-7.6%)

Turkey: 0.338 (-52.9%)

Egypt: 0.256 (-28.7%)

India: 0.160 (+196.3%)

Change:% 2012/2011 Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

austraLia STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

Biggest Buyers

Total Exports: 2.245 (+28.7%)

Vietnam: 0.562 (+178.2%)

Indonesia: 0.390 (+132.1%)

China: 0.390 (-14.8%)

Malaysia: 0.228 (+10.7%)

Change:% 2012/2011 Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

26 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

soutH africa STEEL SCRAP EXPORTs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

Biggest Buyers

Total Exports: 1.632 (+13.6%)

India: 1.056 (+85.3%)

Malaysia: 0.152 (-45.9%)

Pakistan: 0.116 (+19.6%)

Vietnam: 0.078 (-25.0%)

Change:% 2012/2011 Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

MAJOR NET STEEL SCRAP EXPORTERs 2012 (MILLION TONNEs)

25
21.397

20 15 10 5 0

19.214

8.459 4.349 0.225 USA Steel Scrap Export Steel Scrap Import EU-27 JAPAN 0.004 RUSSIA Source: Ofcial Trade Statistics/WV Stahl

3.711

3.412

World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012 27

PRICE CURvE JANUARY 2012/2013

USA Export Prices (US$/GRT) HMS 1, heavy steel scrap (1/4 inch) 450 425 400
405 425 410 420 420 420 380 370 380 330 365 345 380 335 385 390 385 390 385 425 425

375 350 325

320

340 320 JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN

300

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

FOB East Coast price

FOB West Coast price

Source: Recycling International

FOB Rotterdam Export Prices (US$/t) HMS 80/20 heavy steel scrap 450
425 430 415 425 410

425
420

420 415 375 370 360 350

400 375 350

370 355 365 350

370 365 340

365

360

370 365

325 300

335

JAN Highest price

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

JAN

Lowest price

Source: Recycling International

28 World Steel Recycling in Figures 2008 2012

glOSSarY
BIR BDG CAMU DCUD EFR Eurofer ISRI MIDREX Modern Casting Official Trade Statistics Recycling International USGS worldsteel WV Stahl Bureau of International Recycling, Brussels, Belgium German Foundry Association, Dsseldorf, Germany Chinas Association of Metalscrap Utilization, Beijing, China Turkish Iron and Steel Producers Association, Ankara, Turkey European Ferrous Recovery & Recycling Federation, Brussels, Belgium European Confederation of Iron and Steel Industries, Brussels, Belgium Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Washington, USA Midrex Technologies Inc., Charlotte, USA Magazine for Foundries and Diecasters, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA Prepared by WV Stahl, Dsseldorf, Germany International trade magazine, Arnhem, The Netherlands U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, USA World Steel Association, Brussels, Belgium German Steel Federation, Dsseldorf, Germany

Bureau of International Recycling aisbl Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 24 1050 Brussels Belgium T. +32 2 627 57 70 F. +32 2 627 57 73 bir@bir.org www.bir.org

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