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  • Digestive System: The Mouth and Oesophagus

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    Digestive tract begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. Food is ground up by the teeth and moistened with saliva to make it easy to swallow. Food passes through a sphincter, or small muscle ring, into the stomach. Here it is mixed with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. The broken-down food is then absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine and the nutrients are carried to each cell in the body.

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    Digestive tract begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. Food is ground up by the teeth and moistened with saliva to make it easy to swallow. Food passes through a sphincter, or small muscle ring, into the stomach. Here it is mixed with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. The broken-down food is then absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine and the nutrients are carried to each cell in the body.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    33 tayangan2 halaman

    Digestive System: The Mouth and Oesophagus

    Diunggah oleh

    kapczuk
    Digestive tract begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. Food is ground up by the teeth and moistened with saliva to make it easy to swallow. Food passes through a sphincter, or small muscle ring, into the stomach. Here it is mixed with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. The broken-down food is then absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine and the nutrients are carried to each cell in the body.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 2

    Image description. Better Health Channel logo End of image description.

    Digestive system
    Weneedfoodtofuelourbodiesforenergy,growthandrepair.Thedigestivesystemconvertsthe foodsweeatintotheirsimplestforms,likeglucose(sugars),aminoacids(thatmakeupprotein)or fattyacids(thatmakeupfats).Thebroken-downfoodisthenabsorbedintothebloodstreamfrom thesmallintestineandthenutrientsarecarriedtoeachcellinthebody. Thedigestivetractbeginsatthemouthandendsattheanus.Itcanbethoughtofasalong musculartube,over10mlong,withdigestiveorgansattachedalongtheway. The mouth and oesophagus Digestionbeginsinthemouth.Thefoodisgroundupbytheteethandmoistenedwithsalivato makeiteasytoswallow.Salivaalsohasaspecialchemical,calledanenzyme,whichstarts breakingdowncarbohydratesintosugars.Onceswallowed,muscularcontractionsofthe oesophagusmassagetheballoffooddownintothestomach. The stomach Thefoodpassesthroughasphincter,orsmallmusclering,intothestomach.Hereitismixedwith gastricjuices.Thestomachisamuscularbaganditchurnsthefoodtohelpbreakitdown mechanicallyaswellaschemically.Thefoodisthensqueezedthroughasecondsphincterintothe firstpartofthesmallintestine,calledtheduodenum. The small intestine Onceintheduodenum(smallintestine),thefoodismixedwithmoredigestiveenzymesfromthe pancreasandbilefromtheliver. Pancreas Thepancreasisoneofthelargestglandsinthehumanbody.Aswellasdigestivejuices,itsecretes ahormonecalledinsulin.Insulinhelpstoregulatetheamountofsugarintheblood.Diabetesisa conditioncausedbyproblemswithinsulinproduction. Liver Theliverhasanumberofdifferentrolesinthebody,including: Breakingdownfats,usingbilestoredinthegallbladder Processingproteinsandcarbohydrates Filteringandprocessingimpurities,drugsandtoxins Generationofglucoseforshort-termenergyneedsfromothercompoundslikelactateand aminoacids.

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    Absorption happens in the small intestine Thefoodissqueezedintothelowerpartsofthesmallintestine,calledthejejunumandtheileum. Nutrientsareabsorbedfromtheileum,whichislinedwithmillionsoffinger-likeprojectionscalled villi.Eachvillusisconnectedtoameshofcapillaries.Thisishownutrientspassintothe bloodstream. The large intestine Onceallthenutrientshavebeenabsorbed,thewasteismovedintothelargeintestine,orbowel. Waterisremovedandthewaste(faeces)isstoredintherectum.Itcanthenbepassedoutofthe bodythroughtheanus. Bacteria play an important role Alargereservoirofmicrobes,suchasbacteria,livewithinthelargeintestineand,toalesser degree,therestofthedigestivesystem.Thesebacteriaplayanimportantroleinhealthy digestion.Theexacttypesofbacteriaareparticulartoeachindividual.Otherfactorsthatinfluence thetypeofbacteriainyourdigestivesystemincludewhereyouliveintheworld,whathealth conditionsyouhaveandwhatmedicationsyouhavereceived.

    Digestivesystem

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    Common problems Somecommonproblemsofthedigestivesysteminclude: Colitisinflammationofthebowel Diverticulitisinflammationofpouchesliningthesmallintestine Gastroenteritisaninfectionthatcausesvomitinganddiarrhoea Heartburnwhenthecontentsofthestomachbackupintotheoesophagus Ulceraholeinthemucousmembraneliningthestomachorduodenum.

    Where to get help Yourdoctor

    Things to remember

    Foodisbrokendownbythedigestivesystemtogiveenergytoeverycellinthebody. Thedigestivetractstartsatthemouthandendsattheanus.

    This page has been produced in consultation with, and approved by:

    CanberraHospital-GastroenterologyUnit

    Copyight 1999/2009StateofVictoria.ReproducedfromtheBetterHealthChannel(www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au)at nocostwithpermissionoftheVictorianMinisterforHealth.Unauthorisedreproductionandotherusescomprisedinthe copyrightareprohibitedwithoutpermission. ThisBetterHealthChannelfactsheethaspassedthrougharigorousapprovalprocess.Forthelatestupdatesandmore informationvisitwww.betterhealth.vic.gov.au.

    Digestivesystem

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