GRE

SECTION 1 Time 30 minutes 38 Questions 1.A computer program can provide information in ways that force students to --- learning instead of eing merely ---- of !nowledge. "A# shore up .. reservoirs "$# accede to .. consumers "%# participate in .. recipients "&# compensate for.. custodians "'# profit from .. eneficiaries (. The form and physiology of leaves vary according to the ---- in which they develop) for e*ample+ leaves display a wide range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture. "A# relationship "$# species "%# se,uence "&# patterns "'# environment 3. -ne theory a out intelligence sees ---- as the logical structure underlying thin!ing and insists that since animals are mute+ they must e ---- as well. "A# ehavior.. inactive "$# instinct.. cooperative "%# heredity.. thoughtful "&# adaptation.. rutal "'# language.. mindless .. Though ---- in her personal life+ 'dna /t. 0incent 1illay was nonetheless ---- a out her wor!+ usually producing several pages of complicated rhyme in a day. "A# 2aded.. fec!less "$# ver ose.. ascetic "%# vain.. hum le "&# impulsive.. disciplined "'# self-assured.. sanguine 3. The children4s ---- natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents. "A# mercurial
1

"$# lithe "%# phlegmatic "&# introverted "'# artless 5. $y ---- scientific rigor with a ,uantitative approach+ researchers in the social sciences may often have --their scope to those narrowly circumscri ed topics that are well suited to ,uantitative methods. "A# undermining.. diminished "$# e,uating.. enlarged "%# vitiating.. e*panded "&# identifying.. limited "'# im uing.. roadened 6. As early as the seventeenth century+ philosophers called attention to the ---- character of the issue+ and their twentieth-century counterparts still approach it with ----. "A# a sor ing.. indifference "$# unusual.. composure "%# comple*.. antipathy "&# auspicious.. caution "'# pro lematic.. uneasiness 8. T789-&) %A1'7A)) "A# scaffolding) ceiling "$# prop) set "%# easel) canvas "&# pro2ector) film "'# frame) photograph :. AQ;AT8%) <AT'7)) "A# cumulus) clouds "$# inorganic) elements "%# variegated) leaves "&# rural) soil "'# ar oreal) trees 10. '1-==8'>T) /;99='>'//)) "A# unguent) elasticity "$# precipitant) a sorption "%# additive) fusion "&# desiccant) dryness "'# retardant) permea ility

GRE

11. &7A<) &--&=')) "A# tal!) whisper "$# travel) ram le "%# run) wal! "&# calculate) add "'# eat) go le 1(. %->/98%;-;/) /'') "A# repulsive) forget "$# prohi ited) discount "%# deceptive) delude "&# impetuous) disregard "'# transparent) understand 13. 811AT;7') &'0'=-9'&)) "A# accessi le) e*posed "$# theoretical) conceived "%# tangi le) identified "&# irregular) classified "'# incipient) reali?ed 1.. 9'7/98%A%8T@) A%;T')) "A# adapta ility) prescient "$# decorum) complacent "%# caprice) whimsical "&# discretion) literal "'# ignorance) pedantic 13. 9=A@A;=) $A>T'7)) "A# animated) originality "$# e*aggerated) hyper ole "%# insidious) effrontery "&# pompous) irrationality "'# taciturn) solemnity 15. Q;A7A>T8>') %->TAB8->)) "A# loc!age) o stacle "$# stri!e) concession "%# em argo) commerce "&# vaccination) inoculation "'# prison) reform 8nfluenced y the view of some twentieth-century feminists that women4s position within the family is one of the central factors determining women4s social position+ some historians have underestimated the signi(

"3# ficance of the woman suffrage movement. These historians contend that nineteenth-century suffragism was less radical and+ hence+ less important than+ for e*ample+ the moral reform movement or domestic feminismCtwo nineteenth-century movements in which women strug"10#gled for more power and autonomy within the family. True+ y emphasi?ing these struggles+ such historians have roadened the conventional view of nineteenthcentury feminism+ ut they do a historical disservice to suffragism. >ineteenth-century feminists and anti"13#feminist ali!e perceived the suffragists4 demand for enfranchisement as the most radical element in women4s protest+ in part ecause suffragists were demanding power that was not ased on the institution of the family+ women4s traditional sphere. <hen evaluating "(0#nineteenth-century feminism as a social force+ contemporary historians should consider the perceptions of actual participants in the historical events. 16.The author asserts that the historians discussed in the passage have "A# influenced feminist theorists who concentrate on the family "$# honored the perceptions of the women who participated in the women suffrage movement "%# treated feminism as a social force rather than as an intellectual tradition "&# paid little attention to feminist movements "'# e*panded the conventional view of nineteenthcentury feminism 18.The author of the passage asserts that some twentieth-century feminists have influenced some historians view of the "A# significance of the woman suffrage movement "$# importance to society of the family as an institution "%# degree to which feminism changed nineteenthcentury society "&# philosophical traditions on which contemporary feminism is ased "'# pu lic response to domestic feminism in the nineteenth century

GRE

1:.The author of the passage suggests that which of the following was true of nineteenth-century feministsD "A# Those who participated in the moral reform movement were motivated primarily y a desire to reconcile their private lives with their pu lic positions. "$# Those who advocated domestic feminism+ although less visi le than the suffragists+ were in some ways the more radical of the two groups. "%# Those who participated in the woman suffrage movement sought social roles for women that were not defined y women4s familial roles. "&# Those who advocated domestic feminism regarded the gaining of more autonomy within the family as a step toward more participation in pu lic life. "'# Those who participated in the nineteenthcentury moral reform movement stood midway etween the positions of domestic feminism and suffragism. (0.The author implies that which of the following is true of the historians discussed in the passageD "A# They argue that nineteenth-century feminism was not as significant a social force as twentieth-century feminism has een. "$# They rely too greatly on the perceptions of the actual participants in the events they study. "%#Their assessment of the relative success of nineteenth-century domestic feminism does not ade,uately ta!e into account the effects of antifeminist rhetoric. "&#Their assessment of the significance of nineteenth-century suffragism differs considera ly from that of nineteenth-century feminists. "'# They devote too much attention to nineteenthcentury suffragism at the e*pense of more radical movements that emerged shortly after the turn of the century. 1any o 2ects in daily use have clearly een influenced y science+ ut their form and function+ their dimensions and appearance+ were determined y technologists artisans+ designers+ inventors+ and engineers---using non3

"3# scientific modes of thought. 1any features and ,ualities of the o 2ects that a technologist thin!s a out cannot e reduced to unam iguous ver al descriptionsE they are dealt with in the mind y a visual+ nonver al process. 8n the development of <estern technology+ it has een non"10#ver al thin!ing+ y and large+ that has fi*ed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. 9yramids+ cathedrals+ and roc!ets e*ist not ecause of geometry or thermodynamics+ ut ecause they were first a picture in the minds of those who uilt them. "13# The creative shaping process of a technologist4s mind can e seen in nearly every artifact that e*ists. Aor e*ample+ in designing a diesel engine+ a technologist might impress individual ways of nonver al thin!ing on the machine y continually using an intuitive sense of right"(0#ness and fitness. <hat would e the shape of the comustion cham erD <here should the valves e placedD /hould it have a long or short pistonD /uch ,uestions have a range of answers that are supplied y e*perience+ y physical re,uirements+ y limitations of availa le "(3#space+ and not least y a sense of form. /ome decisions+ such as wall thic!ness and pin diameter+ may depend on scientific calculations+ ut the nonscientific component of design remains primary. &esign courses+ then+ should e an essential element "30#in engineering curricula. >onver al thin!ing+ a central mechanism in engineering design+ involves perceptions+ the stoc!-in-trade of the artist+ not the scientist. $ecause perceptive processes are not assumed to entail Fhard thin!ing+F nonver al thought is sometimes seen as a prim"33#itive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to ver al or mathematical thought. $ut it is parado*ical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for ".0#its historical record of American engineering+ the only college students with the re,uisite a ilities were not engineering students+ ut rather students attending architectural schools. 8t courses in design+ which in a strongly analytical ".3#engineering curriculum provide the ac!ground re,uired for practical pro lem- solving+ are not provided+ we can e*pect to encounter silly ut costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. Aor e*ample+ early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated "30#controls were una le to operate in a snowstorm ecause

GRE

a fan suc!ed snow into the electrical system. A surd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial a errationsE they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to e primarily a pro lem in mathematics. (1.8n the passage+ the author is primarily concerned with "A# identifying the !inds of thin!ing that are used y technologists "$# stressing the importance of nonver al thin!ing in engineering design "%# proposing a new role for nonscientific thin!ing in the development of technology "&# contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists "'# critici?ing engineering schools for emphasi?ing science in engineering curricula ((.8t can e inferred that the author thin!s engineering curricula are "A# strengthened when they include courses in design "$# wea!ened y the su stitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical s!ills "%# strong ecause nonver al thin!ing is still emphasi?ed y most of the courses "&# strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control systems "'# strong despite the a sence of nonscientific modes of thin!ing (3.<hich of the following statements est illustrates the main point of lines 1-(8 of the passageD "A# <hen a machine li!e a rotary engine malfunctions+ it is the technologist who is est e,uipped to repair it. "$# 'ach component of an automo ileCfor e*ample+ the engine or the fuel tan!Chas a shape that has een scientifically determined to e est suited to that component4s function "%# A telephone is a comple* instrument designed y technologists using only nonver al thought "&# The designer of a new refrigerator should
.

consider the designs of other refrigerators efore deciding on its final form. "'# The distinctive features of a suspension ridge reflect its designer4s conceptuali?ation as well as the physical re,uirements of its site. (..<hich of the following statements would est serve as an introduction to the passageD "A# The assumption that the !nowledge incorporated in technological developments must e derived from science ignores the many nonscientific decisions made y technologists. "$# Analytical thought is no longer a vital component in the success of technological development. "%# As !nowledge of technology has increased+ the tendency has een to lose sight of the important role played y scientific thought in ma!ing decisions a out form+ arrangement+ and te*ture. "&# A movement in engineering colleges toward a technician4s degree reflects a demand for graduates who have the nonver al reasoning a ility that was once common among engineers. "'# A technologist thin!ing a out a machine+ reasoning through the successive steps in a dynamic process+ can actually turn the machine over mentally. (3.The author calls the predicament faced y the Historic American Engineering Record Fparado*icalF "lines 35-36# most pro a ly ecause "A# the pu lication needed drawings that its own staff could not ma!e "$# architectural schools offered ut did not re,uire engineering design courses for their students "%# college students were ,ualified to ma!e the drawings while practicing engineers were not "&# the drawings needed were so complicated that even students in architectural schools had difficulty ma!ing them. "'# engineering students were not trained to ma!e the type of drawings needed to record the development of their own discipline

GRE

(5.According to the passage+ random failures in automatic control systems are Fnot merely trivial a errationsF "lines33# ecause "A# automatic control systems are designed y engineers who have little practical e*perience in the field "$# the failures are characteristic of systems designed y engineers relying too heavily on concepts in mathematics "%# the failures occur too often to e ta!en lightly "&# designers of automatic control systems have too little training in the analysis of mechanical difficulties "'# designers of automatic control systems need more help from scientists who have a etter understanding of the analytical pro lems to e solved efore such systems can wor! efficiently (6.The author uses the e*ample of the early models of high-speed railroad cars primarily to "A# wea!en the argument that modern engineering systems have ma2or defects ecause of an a sence of design courses in engineering curricula "$# support the thesis that the num er of errors in modern engineering systems is li!ely to increase "%# illustrate the idea that courses in design are the most effective means for reducing the cost of designing engineering systems "&# support the contention that a lac! of attention to the nonscientific aspects of design results in poor conceptuali?ation y engineers "'# wea!en the proposition that mathematics is a necessary part of the study of design (8.8B>8T') "A# amplify "$# douse "%# o scure "&# lemish "'# replicate (:.1;TAT') "A# recede "$# grow larger
3

"%# lin! together "&# remain the same "'# decrease in speed 30.A7AB1'>T) "A# ensue "$# revive "%# coalesce "&# alance "'# accommodate 31.-/T'>/8$=') "A# gargantuan "$# inauspicious "%# intermittent "&# perpetual "'# inapparent 3(.97-=8G8T@) "A# ceremoniousness "$# flam oyance "%# succinctness "&# inventiveness "'# lamentation 33.%->%'7T'&) "A# meant to o struct "$# not intended to last "%# enthusiastically supported "&# run y volunteers "'# individually devised 3..A-7$'A7A>%') "A# fragility "$# impatience "%# freedom "&# nervousness "'# tactlessness 33.%-//'T'&) "A# unspoiled "$# irrepressi le "%# servicea le "&# prone to change "'# free from pre2udice

GRE

35.97-$8T@) "A# timidity "$# sagacity "%# impertinence "&# uncertainty "'# unscrupulousness 36.'/%H'<) "A# ha itually indulge in "$# ta!e without authori?ation "%# leave unsaid "&# oast a out "'# handle carefully 38.7'&-;$TA$=') "A# trustworthy "$# unschooled "%# credulous "&# not formida le "'# not certain

SECTION 2 Time 30 minutes (3 Questions Questions 1-5 A newsstand will display e*actly one copy each of si* different maga?inesC1+ -+ 9+ /+ T+ and 0Cin a single row on a rac!. 'ach maga?ine will occupy e*actly one of the si* positions+ num ered consecutively 1 through 5. The maga?ines must e displayed in accordance with the following rules) 'ither 9 or else T occupies position 1. 'ither / or else T occupies position 5. 1 and -+ not necessarily in that order+ occupy consecutively num ered positions. 0 and T+ not necessarily in that order+ occupy consecutively num ered positions. 1.<hich of the following is an order in which the si* maga?ines can e arranged+ from position 1 through position 5D "A# 1+ -+ 9+ /+ 0+ T "$# 9+ -+ /+ 1+ 0+ T "%# 9+ 0+ T+ -+ 1+ / "&# 9+ 0+ T+ /+ -+ 1 "'# T+ 9+ 0+ 1+ -+ / (.8f 9 occupies position 3+ which of the following must e trueD "A# 1 occupies position .. "$# - occupies position (. "%# / occupies position 3. "&# T occupies position 5. "'# 0 occupies position (. 3.8f - and T+ not necessarily in that order+ occupy consecutively num ered positions+ then T can e in position "A# 1 "$# ( "%# . "&# 3 "'# 5
5

GRE

..<hich of the following can e trueD "A# 1 occupies position . and 9 occupies position 3. "$# 9 occupies position . and 0 occupies position 3. "%# / occupies position ( and 9 occupies position 3. "&# 9 occupies position (. "'# / occupies position 3. 3. 8f 0 occupies position .+ then T must occupy the position that is num ered e*actly one lower than the position occupied y "A# 1 "$# "%# 9 "&# / "'# 0 5.8f / and 0+ not necessarily in that order+ occupy consecutively num ered positions+ which of the following must e trueD "A# 1 occupies position .. "$# - occupies position (. "%# 9 occupies position 1. "&# / occupies position 5. "'# T occupies position 5. 6. 9atel) Although enrollment in the region4s high school has een decreasing for several years+ enrollment at the elementary school has grown considera ly. Therefore+ the regional school oard proposes uilding a new elementary school. Quintero) Another solution would e to convert some high school classrooms temporarily into classrooms for elementary school students. <hich of the following+ if true+ most helps to support Quintero4s alternative proposalD "A# /ome rooms at the high school cannot e converted into rooms suita le for the use of elementary school students. "$# The cost of uilding a high school is higher than the cost of uilding an elementary school. "%# Although the irth rate has not increased+ the num er of families sending their children to the region4s high school has increased mar!edly. "&# A high school atmosphere could 2eopardi?e the safety and self-confidence of elementary school students.
6

"'# 'ven efore the region4s high school population egan to decrease+ several high school classrooms rarely needed to e used. Question 8 is ased on the following graph

8.<hich of the following+ if true+ most helps e*plain the difference in the rates of decline etween 1:80 and 1::0 in population of puffins and arctic terns+ two !inds of sea irds for which sand eels serve as a primary source of foodD "A# 9uffins switched in part from their preferred food of sand eels to roc!fish and other fish+ ut arctic terns did not. "$# The mar!ed decline in the populations of puffins and arctic terns that occurred on Alair 8sland did not occur on other similar islands near y+ where there are su stantial populations of oth species. "%# The decline in sand eels was due to changes in environmental conditions that affected the reproduction of eels rather than to overfishing y people. "&#The main diet of puffin and arctic tern chic!s on Alair 8sland in 1:80 consisted of young sand eels. "'# ;nusual severe weather that disrupted the reeding cycle of the sand eels of Alair 8sland in 1:8: also damaged the nests of puffins ut not those of arctic terns.

GRE

:. 9eter) 1ore than ever efore in 7island+ college graduates with science degrees are accepting permanent 2o s in other fields. That 2ust goes to show that scientists in 7island are not eing paid enough. =ila) >o+ it does not. These graduates are not wor!ing in science for the simple reason that there are not enough 2o s in science in 7island to employ all of these graduates. <hich of the following+ if true in 7island+ would most undermine the reasoning in 9eter4s argumentD "A# The college graduates with science degrees who are not wor!ing in science are currently earning lower salaries than they would earn as scientists. "$# Aewer college students than ever efore are receiving degrees in science. "%# The num er of 2o s in science has steadily risen in the last decade. "&# A significant num er of college graduates with science degrees wor!ed at low-paying 2o s while they were in college. "'# 'very year some recent college graduates with science degrees accept permanent 2o s in nonscientific fields.

Questions 10-13 '*actly si* lectures will e given one at a time at a oneday conference. Two of the lecturesC/ and TCwill e given y resident spea!ers+ the other fourC<+ G+ @+ and ICwill e given y visiting spea!ers. At least two ut no more than four of the lectures will e given efore lunchE the remaining lectures will e given after lunch. The following conditions must e o served) / will e the fourth lecture. '*actly one of the lectures y a resident will e given efore lunch. @ will e given at some time efore T is given. 8f < is given efore lunch+ @ will e given after lunch. 10.<hich of the following can e the order of lectures and lunch at the conferenceD "A# <+ G+ =unch+ @+ /+ T+ I "$# G+ @+ T+ =unch+ /+ I+ < "%# @+ T+ =unch+ /+ <+ G+ I
8

"&# I+ T+ <+ /+ =unch+ @+ G "'# I+ <+ @+ /+ =unch+ G+ T 11.8f e*actly two lectures are given efore lunch+ they must e "A# G and T "$# @ and T "%# I and T "&# I and < "'# I and @ 1(.8f e*actly three lectures+ including @ and I+ are given efore lunch+ which of the following can e trueD "A# T is the second lecture. "$# T is the fifth lecture. "%# < is the third lecture. "&# G is the first lecture. "'# G is the third lecture. 13.8f T is the si*th lecture+ which of the following must e trueD

GRE

"A# G is the first lecture. "$# G is the second lecture. "%# '*actly two lectures are given efore lunch. "&# '*actly three lectures are given efore lunch. "'# '*actly four lectures are given efore lunch. 1..8f / and I are oth given after lunch+ which of the following must e trueD "A# G is given efore lunch. "$# G is given after lunch. "%# @ is given efore lunch. "&# T is the third lecture. "'# I is the fifth lecture. 13.<hich of the following lectures %A>>-T e given immediately efore lunchD "A# / "$# T "%# G "&# @ "'# I Questions 15-(( A circus has seven fenced enclosures+ num ered 1 through 6+ for two animals) a lion and a tiger. 'ach enclosure is connected to ad2acent enclosures y interior gates. There are e*actly eight such gates+ each connecting one enclosure to e*actly one other enclosure) enclosure 1 is connected to enclosures (+ 3 and .E enclosure 3 to enclosures 1+ (+ .+ and 3E and enclosure 3 to enclosures 3+ 5+ and 6. These gates provide the only connections etween enclosures. -ccasionally a trainer moves the animals. Ta!ing either animals from one enclosure to an ad2acent enclosure through a gate is called a Ftransfer.F The following conditions are strictly o served) The two animals cannot e together in any enclosure or gate. Transfers cannot occur simultaneously 8n moving either one animal or oth to a specified enclosure or enclosures+ the minimum num er of transfers needed to achieve the specified result are used. 15.8f the lion is in enclosure 1 and the tiger is in enclosure 3+ and the lion is to e moved to enclosure 6+ the tiger could e in which of the following enclosures when all of the transfers have een completedD
:

"A# 1 "$# 3 "%# . "&# 3 "'# 5 16.8f the tiger is in enclosure 3 and the lion is in enclosure 3+ moving the tiger to which of the following enclosures re,uires e*actly two transfersD "A# ( "$# 3 "%# . "&# 5 "'# 6 18.8f the lion is in enclosure 5 and the tiger is in enclosure 6+ and the lion is to e moved to enclosure 6 and the tiger to enclosure 5+ then which of the following must e trueD "A# The lion is transferred to enclosure 3 at some time during the move. "$# The tiger is transferred to enclosure 3 twice. "%# -ne of the two animals is transferred to enclosure 3 twice. "&# Three transfers to enclosure 3 are made. "'# At least one transfer is made to either enclosure ( or enclosure .. 1:.8f the lion is in enclosure 3 and the tiger is in enclosure .+ and the lion is to e moved to enclosure 3 and the tiger to enclosure 6+ then e*actly how many transfers must e madeD "A# Aour "$# Aive "%# /i* "&# /even "'# 'ight (0.8f the lion is in enclosure 1 and the tiger is in enclosure 6+ and the lion is to e transferred to enclosure 3 and the tiger to enclosure 1+ then which of the following %A>>-T e trueD "A# The lion is transferred to enclosure ( in the first transfer. "$# The lion is transferred to enclosure 3 in the second transfer.

GRE

"%# The lion is transferred to enclosure . in the second transfer. "&# The tiger is transferred to enclosure 3 in the first transfer. "'# The tiger is transferred to enclosure 3 in the second transfer. (1. 8f the lion is in enclosure 1 and the tiger is in enclosure 3+ and the lion is to e moved to enclosure 5 and the tiger to enclosure 3+ then the second transfer could e a transfer of the "A# lion to enclosure ( "$# lion to enclosure 3 "%# tiger to enclosure . "&# tiger to enclosure 3 "'# tiger to enclosure 6 ((.8f the lion is in enclosure 3 and the tiger is in enclosure 5+ and the lion is to e moved to enclosure 5 and the tiger to enclosure 3+ then which of the following must e trueD "A# '*actly five enclosures are used in the move "$# -ne animal is transferred e*actly twice as many times as the other animal. "%# All of the transfers of the lion are completed efore any transfer of the tiger occurs. "&# At one point one of the animals is transferred to either enclosure ( or enclosure .. "'# At one point neither the lion nor the tiger is in enclosure 3+ enclosure 3+ or enclosure 5. (3.%ounselor) 'very year a popular newsmaga?ine pu lishes a list of ;nited /tates colleges+ ran!ing them according to an overall numerical score that is a composite of ratings according to several criteria. However+ the overall scores generally should not e used y students as the asis for deciding to which colleges to apply. <hich of the following+ if true+ most helps to 2ustify

the counselor4s recommendationD "A# The vast ma2ority of people who purchase the maga?ine in which the list appears are not college- ound students. "$# %olleges that are ran!ed highest in the maga?ine4s list use this fact in advertisements aimed at attracting students. "%# The ran!ings seldom change from one year to the ne*t. "&# The significance that particular criteria have for any two students is li!ely to differ according to the students4 differing needs. "'# /ome college students who are pleased with their schools considered the maga?ine4s ran!ings efore deciding which college to attend. (.. A thorough search of 'dgar Allan 9oe4s correspondence has turned up not a single letter in which he mentions his reputed morphine addiction. -n the asis of this evidence it is safe to say that 9oe4s reputation for having een a morphine addict is undeserved and that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue. <hich of the following is assumed y the argument a oveD "A# 7eports claiming that 9oe was addicted to morphine did not egin to circulate until after his death. "$# >one of the reports of 9oe4s supposed morphine addiction can e traced to individuals who actually !new 9oe. "%# 9oe4s income from writing would not have een sufficient to support a morphine addiction. "&# 9oe would have een una le to carry on an e*tensive correspondence while under the influence of morphine. "'# Aear of the conse,uences would not have prevented 9oe from indicating in his correspondence that he was addicted to morphine.

(3. Adelle) The government4s program to reduce the unemployment rate in the province of %arthena y encouraging 2o creation has failed+ since the rate there has not changed apprecia ly since the program egan a year ago. Aran) $ut the unemployment rate in %arthena had een rising for three years efore the program egan+ so the program
10

GRE

is helping. <hich of the following+ if true+ most strongly counters Aran4s o 2ection to Adelle4s argumentD "A# The government is advised y e*pert economists+ some of whom speciali?e in employment issues. "$# The unemployment rate in the province of %arthena has historically een higher than that of the country as a whole. "%# The current government was elected y a wide margin+ ecause of its promises to reduce the unemployment rate in %arthena. "&# Around the time the government program egan+ large num ers of unemployed %arthena residents egan leaving the province to loo! for wor! elsewhere. "'# The unemployment rate in %arthena had een relatively sta le until shortly efore the current government too! office.

SECTION 3 Time 30 minutes 30 Questions

will e green

e neither red now green

x ( -1 J y xJ3 1. y( 80

3. 'leven thousand plus eleven hundred plus eleven

11+111

(.

The gross receipts from the sale of t tic!ets+ at K16 per tic!et+ total K15+550. t 1+000 9oints T and U are on a circle with center O

5.

13

The cost c of an order of n special envelopes is given y cJ "K0.30#n L K 13.00. 6. The cost of an order of 300 special envelopes K(50

3.

OT

TU

A o* contains (0 mar les all of which are solid coloredE 3 of the mar les are green and 10 of the mar les are fed. .. The pro a ility that a mar le selected at random form the o* The pro a ility that a mar le selected at random from the o* will
11

The average "arithmetic mean# of 6+ :+ and x is greater than :. 8. x 11 aM0

GRE

:.

(.

3a

.0a

gift and to ma!e their contri utions in proportion to their ages. 'dOs age is

1 of TinaOs age+ and (

10.

0.(6 0.33

0.0(6 0.033

=aurenOs age is

1 of 'dOs age. 8f =aurenOs share 3

'ach of the num ers x, y, w, and z "not neces sarily distinct# can have any of the values (+ 3+ :+ or1.. 11.

x y
a = -(1:

of the cost is K (.30+ what is the cost of the giftD "A# K(3 "$# K(0 "%# K13 "&# K1( "'# K10 18. Three solid cu es of lead+ each with edges 10 centimeters long+ are melted together in a level+ rectangular-shaped pan. The ase of the pan has inside dimensions of (0 centimeters y 30 centimeters+ and the pan is 13 centimeters deep. 8f the volume of the solid lead is appro*imately the same as the volume of the molted lead+ appro*imately how many centimeters deep is the melted lead in the panD "A# (.3 "$# 3 "%# 3 "&# 6.3 "'# : 1:. <hich of the following %A>>-T e the sum of two integers that have a product of 30D "A# 31 "$# 16 "%# 11 "&# 13 "'# (1

wz

1(.

a6

a 13

a 8 + a 1. x(

13. x ( + (x + 1

a>h 1.. d e

w, x, y, and z are consecutive positive integers and wNx<y<z 13. The remainder when 1 "w +x#"x + y#"y + z# is divided y ( 15. A certain machine drills 30 holes in 8 minutes. At that constant rate+ how many holes will . such machines drill in 1 "A# 300 "$# :00 "%# :50 "&# 1+(00 "'# (+350 16. Tina+ 'd+ and =auren agree to share the cost of a
1(

1 hoursD 3

(0. 8n the rectangular coordinate system a ove+ if point "a, !#, shown+ and the two points ".a, !# and "(a, (!#+ not shown+ were connected y straight lines+ then the area of the resulting triangular region+ in terms of a and !+ would e

GRE

"A#

a! (

"%#

3a! (

"$# a! Questions (1-(( refer to the following graph.

"&# (a! "'# .a!

The top and ottom of each ar indicate+ respectively+ the highest and lowest daily num er of shirts sold during the month. The heavy line across each ar indicates the average "arithmetic mean# num er of shirts sold per day during the month. (1. <hat was the range in the daily num er of shirts sold during 1archD "A# (0 "$# .3 "%# 30 "&# 50 "'# 60 ((. The average "arithmetic mean#num er of shirts sold per day during Ae ruary was appro*imately what percent greater than the average num er sold during PanuaryD "A# 10Q "$# (0Q "%# 30Q "&# .0Q "'# 60Q Questions (3-(3 refer to the following graph. (.. The electricity used y the water heater was measured separately and its cost per !ilowatt-hour was one-half the cost per !ilowatt-hour of the rest of the electricity used. The cost of the electricity used y the water heater was most nearly what fraction of the total cost of all the electricity usedD "A#
13

(3. Aor which two uses of electricity was the ratio of the amounts of electricity used most nearly 3 to 1D "A# <ater heater and lightsRsmall appliances "$# =arge appliances and lightsRsmall appliances "%# Air conditioner and water heater "&# Air conditioner and lightsRsmall appliances "'# Air conditioner and large appliances

1 11

GRE

1 : 1 "%# 8 1 "&# 3
"$# "'# 8t cannot e determined from the information given. (3. 8n >ovem er the /mythe household used the same total amount of electricity as in Puly+ ut the water heater used 33 percent of this total amount. $y appro*imately what percent did the amount of electricity used y the water heater increase from Puly to >ovem erD "A# 13Q "$# 33Q "%# 30Q "&# 53Q "'# 130Q (5. -ne integer will e randomly selected from the integers 11 to 50+ inclusive. <hat is the pro a ility that the selected integer will e a perfect s,uare or a perfect cu eD "A# 0.1 "$# 0.1(3 "%# 0.15 "&# 0.3 "'# 0.: (6. The measures of two angles of a parallelogram differ y 3( degrees. The num er of degrees in the smaller angle is "A# 38 "$# 3( "%# 5. "&# 65 "'# 1(8 (8. The odds in favor of winning a game can e found y computing the ratio of the pro a ility of wining to the pro a ility of not winning. if the pro a ility that 9at will win a game is will win the gameD
1.

"A# . to 3 "$# . to : "%# 3 to . "&# 3 to : "'# : to 3 (:. 8f a, !, c, and d are consecutive integers such that aN!NcNd, then in terms of a+ the sum a L ! L d = "A# a L . "$# (a L 3 "%# 3a L ( "&# 3a L 3 "'# 3a L.

30. ( x L ( x J "A# ( x +1 "$# ( x + ( "%# ( ( x "&# . x "'# . ( x

. + what are the odds that 9at :

GRE

SECTION 4 Time 30 minutes 38 Questions 1. /ince most if not all learning occurs through----+ relating one o servation to another+ it would e strange indeed if the study of other cultures did not also illuminate the study of our own. "A# assumptions "$# e*periments "%# comparisons "&# repetitions "'# impressions (. The new ---- of !nowledge has created ---people) everyone elieves that his or her su 2ect cannot and possi ly should not e understood y others. "A# speciali?ation.. arriers etween "$# decline.. associations among "%# redundancy.. complacency in "&# disrepute.. concern for "'# promulgation.. ignorance among 3. 8f a species of parasite is to survive+ the host organisms must live long enough for the parasite to ---- E if the host species ecomes----+ so do its parasites. "A# atrophy.. healthy "$# reproduce.. e*tinct "%# disappear.. widespread "&# succum .. nonvia le "'# mate.. infertile .. The author argues for serious treatment of such arts as crochet and needlewor!+ finding in too many art historians a cultural lindness --- to their ---te*tiles as a medium in which women artists predominate. "A# tracea le.. pre2udice against "$# opposed.. distrust of "%# referring.. need for "&# reduced.. respect for "'# corresponding.. e*pertise in

3. Those who fear the influence of television deli erately ------ its persuasive power+ hoping that they might !eep !nowledge of its potential to effect social change from eing widely disseminated. "A# promote "$# underplay "%# e*cuse "&# laud "'# suspect 5. $ecause the high seriousness of their narratives resulted in part from their metaphysics+ /outhern writers were praised for their ---- ent. "A# technical "$# discursive "%# hedonistic "&# philosophical "'# scientific 6. Aar from eing ----+ 9at was always ---- to appear ac,uiescent. "A# unctuous.. loath "$# ra?en.. reluctant "%# igno le.. concerned "&# o se,uious.. eager "'# gregarious.. willing 8. %H;%S=') =A;BH8>B)) "A# uproar) shouting "$# whisper) spea!ing "%# hum) whistling "&# lecture) conversing "'# murmur) mimic!ing :. 9A7AB7A9H) '//A@)) "A# o 2ect) ver "$# phrase) preposition "%# inter2ection) parenthesis "&# clause) sentence "'# collo,uialism) e*pression 10. /T;9-7) A='7T)) "A# re ellion) defiant "$# despair) hopeful "%# e*pectation) unfulfilled "&# circumspection) careful
13

GRE

"'# ennui) listless 11. 9A'A>) P-@)) "A# dirge) grief "$# oratory) persuasion "%# aria) opera "&# chant) choir "'# lecture) instruction 1(. 7'>'BA&') A=='B8A>%')) "A# revolutionary) reform "$# aesthete) discernment "%# apostate) faith "&# politician) challenge "'# criminal) imprisonment 13. &'0-T'&) I'A=-;/)) "A# affectionate) demonstrative "$# animated) lively "%# ra id) e*treme "&# o 2ective) indifferent "'# careful) fastidious 1.. 0'/T8B') 7'1A8>&'7)) "A# figurine) statue "$# !nife) cutlery "%# hu ) wheel "&# angle) slope "'# inventory) goods 13. '9H'1'7A=) '>&;7')) "A# insensitive) cooperate "$# infirm) react "%# ineffectual) proceed "&# inelastic) stretch "'# inflamma le) ignite 15. 18/&'1'A>-7) %781')) "A# interview) conversation "$# lapse) error "%# oath) promise "&# re u!e) criticism "'# vendetta) feud

more vigilant in smaller groups than in larger ones assumes that the vigilant ehaviorCloo!ing up+ for e*ampleCis aimed at predators. 8f individuals on the "3# edge of a group are more vigilant ecause they are at greater ris! of eing captured+ then individuals on average would have to e more vigilant in smaller groups+ ecause the animals on the periphery of a group form a greater proportion of the whole group as the si?e of the "10#group diminishes. However+ a different e*planation is necessary in cases where the vigilant ehavior is not directed at predators. P. Sre s has discovered that great lue herons loo! up more often when in smaller floc!s than when in larger "13#ones+ solely as a conse,uence of poor feeding conditions. Sre s hypothesi?es that the herons in smaller floc!s are watching for herons that they might follow to etter feeding pools+ which usually attract larger num ers of the irds. 16.8t can e inferred from the passage that in species in which vigilant ehavior is directed at predators+ the tendency of the animals to e more vigilant in smaller groups than in larger ones would most li!ely e minimi?ed if which of the following were trueD "A# The vigilance of animals on the periphery of a group always e*ceeded that of animals located in its interior+ even when predators were not in the area. "$# The ris! of capture for individuals in a group was the same+ whether they were located in the interior of the group or on its periphery. "%# Animals on the periphery of a group tended to e less capa le of defending themselves from attac! y predators than animals located in the interior of the group. "&# Animals on the periphery of a group tended to ear mar!s that were more distinctive to predators than animals located in the interior of the group. "'# Animals on the periphery of a group tended to have shorter life spans than animals located in the interior of the group. 18.<hich of the following est descri es the relationship of the second paragraph to the firstD "A#The second paragraph relies on different
15

-ne e*planation for the tendency of animals to e

GRE

evidence in drawing a conclusion similar to that e*pressed in the first paragraph. "$#The second paragraph provides further ela oration on why an assertion made at the end of the first paragraph proves to e true in most cases. "%#The second paragraph provides additional information in support of a hypothesis stated in the first paragraph. "&#The second paragraph provides an e*ample of a case in which the assumption descri ed in the first paragraph is unwarranted. "'# The second paragraph descri es a phenomenon that has the same cause as the phenomenon descri ed in the first paragraph. 1:.8t can e inferred from the passage that the author of the passage would e most li!ely to agree with which of the following assertions a out vigilant ehaviorD "A# The larger the group of animals+ the higher the pro a ility that individuals in the interior of the group will e*hi it vigilant ehavior. "$# 0igilant ehavior e*hi ited y individuals in small groups is more effective at warding off predators than the same ehavior e*hi ited y individuals in larger groups. "%# 0igilant ehavior is easier to analy?e in species that are preyed upon y many different predators than in species that are preyed upon y relatively few of them. "&# The term Fvigilant+F when used in reference to the ehavior of animals+ does not refer e*clusively to ehavior aimed at avoiding predators. "'# The term Fvigilant+ F when used in reference to the ehavior of animals+ usually refers to ehavior e*hi ited y large groups of animals. (0.The passage provides information in support of which of the following assertionsD "A# The avoidance of predators is more important to an animal4s survival than is the ,uest for food. "$# 0igilant ehavior aimed at predators is seldom more eneficial to groups of animals than to individual animals.
16

"%# &ifferent species of animals often develop different strategies for dealing with predators. "&# The si?e of a group of animals does not necessarily reflect its success in finding food. "'# /imilar ehavior in different species of animals does not necessarily serve the same purpose. The earliest controversies a out the relationship etween photography and art centered on whether photography4s fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to e a fine art as distinct from "3# merely a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century+ the defense of photography was identical with the struggle to esta lish it as a fine art. Against the charge that photography was a soulless+ mechanical copying of reality+ photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged "10#way of seeing+ a revolt against commonplace vision+ and no less worthy an art than painting. 8ronically+ now that photography is securely esta lished as a fine art+ many photographers find it pretentious or irrelevant to la el it as such. /erious photographers vari"13#ously claim to e finding+ recording+ impartially o serving+ witnessing events+ e*ploring themselvesCanything ut ma!ing wor!s of art. 8n the nineteenth century+ photography4s association with the real world placed it in an am ivalent relation to artE late in the twentieth "(0#century+ an am ivalent relation e*ists ecause of the 1odernist heritage in art. That important photographers are no longer willing to de ate whether photography is or is not a fine art+ e*cept to proclaim that their own wor! is not involved with art+ shows the e*tent to which "(3#they simply ta!e for granted the concept of art imposed y the triumph of 1odernism) the etter the art+ the more su versive it is of the traditional aims of art. 9hotographers4 disclaimers of any interest in ma!ing art tell us more a out the harried status of the contempo"30#rary notion of art than a out whether photography is or is not art. Aor e*ample+ those photographers who suppose that+ y ta!ing pictures+ they are getting away from the pretensions of art as e*emplified y painting remind us of those A stract '*pressionist painters who imagined "33#they were getting away from the intellectual austerity of classical 1odernist painting y concentrating on the physical act of painting. 1uch of photography4s prestige today derives from the convergence of its aims with those of recent art+ particularly with the dismissal of a stract

GRE

".0#art implicit in the phenomenon of 9op painting during the 1:504s. Appreciating photographs is a relief to sensiilities tired of the mental e*ertions demanded y a stract art. %lassical 1odernist paintingCthat is+ a stract art as developed in different ways y 9icasso+ ".3#Sandins!y+ and 1atisseCpresupposes highly developed s!ills of loo!ing and a familiarity with other paintings and the history of art. 9hotography+ li!e 9op painting+ reassures viewers that art is not hardE photography seems to e more a out its su 2ects than a out art. "30# 9hotography+ however+ has developed all the an*ieties and self-consciousness of a classic 1odernist art. 1any professionals privately have egun to worry that the promotion of photography as an activity su versive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the "33#pu lic will forget that photography is a distinctive and e*alted activityCin short+ an art. (1.8n the passage+ the author is primarily concerned with "A# defining the 1odernist attitude toward art "$# e*plaining how photography emerged as a fine art after the controversies of the nineteenth century "%# e*plaining the attitudes of serious contemporary photographers toward photography as art and placing those attitudes in their historical conte*t "&# defining the various approaches that serious contemporary photographers ta!e toward their art and assessing the value of each of those approaches "'# identifying the ways that recent movements in painting and sculpture have influenced the techni,ues employed y serious photographers ((.<hich of the following ad2ectives est descri es Tthe concept of art imposed y the triumph of 1odernismU as the author represents it in lines(3-(6D "A# - 2ective "$# 1echanical "%# /uperficial "&# &ramatic "'# 9arado*ical (3. The author introduces A stract '*pressionist painters "lines 3.# in order to
18

"A# provide an e*ample of artists who+ li!e serious contemporary photographers+ disavowed traditionally accepted aims of modern art "$# call attention to artists whose wor!s often ear a physical resem lance to the wor!s of serious contemporary photographers "%# set forth an analogy etween the A stract '*pressionist painters and classical 1odernist painters "&# provide a contrast to 9op artists and others who created wor!s that e*emplify the 1odernist heritage in art "'# provide an e*planation of why serious photography+ li!e other contemporary visual forms+ is not and should not pretend to e an art (..According to the author+ the nineteenth--century defenders of photography mentioned in the passage stressed that photography was "A# a means of ma!ing people familiar with remote locales and unfamiliar things "$# a technologically advanced activity "%# a device for o serving the world impartially "&# an art compara le to painting "'# an art that would eventually replace the traditional arts (3.According to the passage+ which of the following est e*plains the reaction of serious contemporary photographers to the ,uestion of whether photography is an artD "A#The photographers4 elief that their reliance on an impersonal machine to produce their art re,uires the surrender of the authority of their personal vision "$#The photographers4 fear that serious photography may not e accepted as an art y the contemporary art pu lic "%#The influence of A stract '*pressionist painting and 9op Art on the su 2ect matter of the modern photograph "&#The photographers4 elief that the est art is su versive of art as it has previously een defined "'#The notorious difficulty of defining art in its relation to realistic representation

GRE

"&# profound "'# diffuse (5.According to the passage+ certain serious contemporary photographers e*pressly ma!e which of the following claims a out their photographsD "A#Their photographs could e created y almost anyone who had a camera and the time to devote to the activity. "$#Their photographs are not e*amples of art ut are e*amples of the photographers4 impartial o servation of the world. "%#Their photographs are important ecause of their su 2ects ut not ecause of the responses they evo!e in viewers. "&#Their photographs e*hi it the same ageless principles of form and shading that have een used in painting. "'# Their photographs represent a conscious glorification of the mechanical aspects of twentiethcentury life. (6.8t can e inferred from the passage that the author most pro a ly considers serious contemporary photography to e a "A# contemporary art that is struggling to e accepted as fine art "$# craft re,uiring sensitivity ut y no means an art "%# mechanical copying of reality "&# modern art that displays the 1odernist tendency to try to su vert the prevailing aims of art "'# modern art that displays the tendency of all 1odernist art to ecome increasingly formal and a stract (8.97'-%%;9AT8->) "A# finality "$# innocence "%# li erality "&# unconcern "'# tolerance (:.%H7-1AT8%) "A# opa,ue "$# colorless "%# lengthy
1:

30.9'&'/T78A>) "A# widely !nown "$# strongly motivated "%# discerni le "&# uncommon "'# productive 31.'Q;80-%AT') "A# communicate straightforwardly "$# articulate persuasively "%# instruct e*haustively "&# study painsta!ingly "'# reproach sternly 3(.&'>;&') "A# crowd out "$# s!im over "%# change color "&# cover "'# sustain 33.7A>%-7) "A# deference "$# optimism "%# courage "&# superiority "'# goodwill 3.. -//8A8'&) "A# vulnera le to destruction "$# su 2ect to illusion "%# worthy of consideration "&# capa le of repetition "'# amena le to change 33. %->T7-0'7T) "A# su stantiate "$# transform "%# ameliorate "&# simplify "'# differentiate 35. 97-T7A%T)

GRE

"A# thrust "$# reverse "%# curtail "&# disperse "'# forestall 36. A$7A&') "A# unfasten "$# prolong "%# augment "&# e*tinguish "'# transmit 38.A9-=-B8/T) "A# egotist "$# wrongdoer "%# freethin!er "&# detractor "'# spendthrift

SECTION 5 Time 30 minutes 30 Questions

8n the rectangular coordinate system+ the circle with center " is tangent to oth the x- and y-a*es. 1. The x-coordinate of " The y- coordinate of "

(.

3 ( L 3 3
(

3. x

The s,uare is inscri ed in the circle. .. The length of a diagonal of the s,uare The length of a diameter of the circle

xNyN(0 3 xLy 33

8n college # the average "arithmetic mean# num er of students per course is 30 and the ratio of the num er of students to the num er of faculty is (0 to 1. 5. The total num er 500 of students in %ollege # xM0 6.

3:0 + x 800

500 + x 6:0

(0

GRE

8.

80

8nteger n will e randomly selected from the integers 1 to 13+ inclusive. :. The pro a ility that n will e even The pro a ility that n will e odd $+%=1 0N$N% 10.

15. A health food store prepares a rea!fast food that consists of oats+ raisins+ and nuts mi*ed in the ratio :)()1+ respectively+ y weight. 8f the nuts in the mi*ture weigh :.( pounds+ how many pounds does the total mi*ture weighD "A# 8(.( "$# :(.( "%# 101. ( "&# 110.. "'# 153.5 16. 3 - ( [ 3 6"3 + (#] J "A# 30 "$# 10 "%# (3 "&# 53 "'# 66 18. Aor every positive integer n greater than 1+ nV 8s defined as the product of the first n positive integers+ Aor e*ample+ .V J "1# "(# "3# ".# J (.. <hat is the value of "A# ( "$# 55 "%# 1(1 "&# 13( "'# 1..

1 $%
(x L 3y J (: &x + .y = .1

11.

x+y

1(

1(V D 10V

"' = O' = 3 1(. The area of region O"'

10

1:. A mar!et survey showed that 65 percent of the visitors at a certain resort came from 9acific or southwestern states. -f these+

13.

3 L 3

( were from 3

(0

n r s t L J L . 8 8 5
1.. n, r, s, and t are positive integers. (n + r (s + t

8n the xy-coordinate system+ the point "x, y# lies on the circle with e,uation x ( + y ( = 1 13. x + y 1.01
(1

%alifornia+ and 86 percent of the %alifornians were from southern %alifornia. Appro*imately what percent of the visitors at the resort were from southern %aliforniaD "A# .0Q "$# .3Q "%# 30Q "&# 33Q "'# 53Q

GRE

3. 1 (0 8f is an integer an n is an integer+ then n n

could e each of the following 'G%'9T "A# . "$# 5 "%# 13 "&# (3 "'# (5 Questions (1-(( refer to the following ta le.

for savingsD "A# . to 3 "$# . to 6 "%# 3 to 3 "&# 6 to 3 "'# 6 to .

(1. <hat is the ration of the amount udgeted annually for food to the amount udgeted annually Questions (3-(3 refer to the following graphs.

((. 8f a pie graph "such as the one a ove# were drawn to scale to represent the udges distri ution into the five categories+ what would e the measure of the central angle of the sector representing savingsD "A# 13W "$# 30W "%# 35W "&# .(W "'# 3.W

(3. The funds distri uted in 1::( for youth development were appro*imately "A# K38+000 "$# K160+000 "%# K380+000 "&# K.30+000 "'# K1+600+000

(.. The increase in the amount of money distri uted for family support from 1::( to 1::3 was closest to which of the followingD "A# K0 "$# K(.+000 "%# K.0+000 "&# K50+000 "'# K:.+000
((

GRE

(3. 8f all of the emergency assistance funds in 1::3 were distri uted among .0 groups+ which of the following is closest to the average "arithmetic mean# amount distri uted per groupD "A# K10+000 "$# K11+000 "%# K1(+000 "&# K13+000 "'# K1.+000

(:. 8n a series of races+ 10 toy cars are raced+ ( cars at a time. 8f each car must race each of the other cars e*actly twice+ how many races must e heldD "A# .0 "$# :0 "%# 100 "&# 180 "'# (00 30. "( 10 - ( : #"( 8 - ( 6 # J "A# ( "$# ( ( "%# ( . "&# ( 8 "'# ( 15

(5. The curve a ove consists of three semicircles) A(, (), and )*. The diameter of A( is (+ the diameter of () is twice the diameter of A(, and the diameter of )* is twice the diameter of () <hat is the total length of the curveD "A# ( "$# . "%# 5 "&# 6 "'# 8 (6. <hat is the cost+ in cents+ of using a certain fa* machine to send n pages of a report if the total cost for sending the first + pagers is r cents and the cost for sending each additional page is s centsD "Assume that n M + # "A# r + s "n - +# "$# r + s "n + +# "%# rs"n + +# "&# +r + s"n - +# "'# +r + ns (8. A rectangular solid has a s,uare ase and altitude of 6. 8f the volume of the solid is (3(+ then the perimeter of the s,uare ase is "A# : "$# (. "%# (8 "&# 35 "'# .:
(3

GRE

SECTION 6 Time 30 minutes (3 Questions 1. /oft &rin! 1anufacturer-ur new children4s soft drin!+ 7ipe%al+ is fortified with calcium. /ince calcium is essential for developing healthy ones+ drin!ing 7ipe%al regularly will help ma!e children healthy. %onsumer Advocate$ut 7ipe%al also contains large amounts of sugar+ and regularly consuming large amounts of sugar is unhealthful+ especially for children. 8n responding to the soft drin! manufacturer+ the consumer advocate does which of the following "A#%hallenges the manufacturer4s claim a out the nutritional value of calcium in children4s diets "$#Argues that the evidence cited y the manufacturer+ when properly considered+ leads to a conclusion opposite to that reached y the manufacturer. "%#8mplies that the manufacturer of a product is typically unconcerned with the nutritional value of that product. "&#Questions whether a su stance that is healthful when eaten in moderation can e unhealthful when eaten in e*cessive amounts. "'#9resents additional facts that call into ,uestion the conclusion drawn y the manufacturer. (.-ver a period of several months+ researchers attached small lights to the ac!s of wetasCflightless insects native to >ew IealandCena ling researchers for the first time to ma!e comprehensive o servations of the insects4 nighttime activities.Thus+ since wetas forage only at night+ the researchers4 o servations will significantly improve !nowledge of the normal foraging ha its of wetas. <hich of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends "A# 7esearchers were interested only in o serving the wetas4 foraging ha its and so did not !eep
(.

trac! of other types of ehavior. "$# >o pattern of ehavior that is e*hi ited y wetas during the nighttime is also e*hi ited y wetas during the daytime. "%#Attaching the small lights to the wetas4 ac!s did not greatly alter the wetas4 normal nighttime foraging ha its. "&#<etas typically forage more fre,uently during the months in which the researchers studied them than they do at other times. "'#The researchers did not use other o servational techni,ues to supplement their method of using small lights to trac! the nighttime ehavior of wetas. Questions 3-8 -n each day of the 1onday through Ariday wor!wee!+ e*actly two of three employeesCBeorge+ Hilda+ and 8reneCmust remain on duty in the office to answer telephones during the noon to 1 p.m. lunch rea!. 8n the scheduling of telephone duty the following constraints must e met Hilda and 8rene have telephone duty together on Tuesday. Beorge and Hilda have telephone duty together on Thursday. >o one can have telephone duty on more than four of the five days of the wee!. 3.<hich of the following can e the wee!4s telephone duty schedule 1onday Tuesday <ednesday Thursday Ariday "A# Beorge Beorge Hilda Beorge Hilda Hilda 8rene 8rene Hilda 8rene "$# Beorge Hilda Beorge Hilda Beorge Hilda 8rene Hilda 8rene 8rene "%# Beorge Hilda Beorge Beorge Beorge 8rene 8rene Hilda Hilda Hilda "&# Hilda Hilda Beorge Beorge Hilda 8rene 8rene Hilda Hilda 8rene "'# Hilda Hilda Beorge Beorge Beorge 8rene 8rene Hilda 8rene 8rene

GRE

..8f Hilda has telephone duty for e*actly two days of the wee!+ which of the following must e true "A#Beorge and 8rene have telephone duty together on <ednesday. "$#Beorge and Hilda have telephone duty together on Ariday. "%#Hilda and 8rene have telephone duty together on <ednesday. "&#Hilda and 8rene have telephone duty together on Ariday. "'#8rene has telephone duty for e*actly three days of the wee!. 3.8f Hilda and 8rene have telephone duty together on 1onday and on <ednesday+ which of the following must e true "A#Beorge and Hilda have telephone duty together on Ariday. "$#Beorge and 8rene have telephone duty together on Ariday. "%#Beorge has telephone duty on e*actly three of the days of the wee!. "&#Hilda has telephone duty on e*actly three of the days of the wee!. "'#8rene has telephone duty on e*actly three of the days of the wee!. 5.8f Beorge and Hilda have telephone duty together on 1onday and Beorge and 8rene have telephone duty together on Ariday+ any of the following can e true 'G%'9T "A#Beorge and Hilda have telephone duty together on <ednesday. "$#Beorge and 8rene have telephone duty together on <ednesday. "%#Beorge has telephone duty for four days of the wee!. "&#8rene has telephone duty for four days of the wee!. "'#Hilda and 8rene have telephone duty together for two days of the wee!. 6.8f there is one pair of employees who have telephone duty together for three of the five days+ which of the following must e true "A#Beorge has telephone duty on <ednesday.
(3

"$#Beorge and Hilda have telephone duty together for three days of the wee!. "%#Hilda and 8rene have telephone duty together for three days of the wee!. "&#-ne of the three employees has telephone duty for e*actly two days of the wee!. "'#'*actly one of the wor!ers has telephone duty for e*actly three days of the wee!. 8.Any of the following can e true 'G%'9T "A#-ne pair of employees has telephone duty together for e*actly one day of the wee! "$#-ne pair of employees has telephone duty together for e*actly four days of the wee! "%#The pair of employees that has telephone duty together on 1onday also has telephone duty together on <ednesday "&#The pair of employees that has telephone duty together on Tuesday also has telephone duty together on <ednesday "'#The pair of employees that has telephone duty together on Thursday also has telephone duty together on Ariday Question : is ased on the following graph

:.<hich of the following+ if true+ contri utes most to an e*planation of the change in ice cream salesD "A#$ecause of low demand for its transcontinental flights departing from the airport+ one airline ceased offering such flights as of &ecem er 31+1::3. "$#There were fewer airline passengers who were traveling to destinations outside the ;nited /tates in Panuary1::3 than there were in Panuary1::(

GRE

"%#The average daily num er of passengers at the airport in the month of Panuary was the same for each of the three years "&#8n Panuary 1::3 a li??ard forced all flights out of the airport to e canceled for three days+ stranding many passengers at the airport. "'#There were five percent fewer commuter flights scheduled to depart from the airport in Panuary 1::3 than there were in Panuary of either 1::1 or 1::( 10.9eople whose odies cannot produce the su stance cytochrome 9.30 are three times as li!ely to develop 9ar!inson4s disease+ a disease that affects the rain+ as are people whose odies do produce this su stance. /ince cytochrome 9.30 protects the rain from to*ic chemicals+ to*ic chemicals pro a ly play a role in the development of 9ar!inson4s disease. <hich of the following+ if true+ most strongly supports the argument "A#8t will soon e possi le for cytochrome 9.30 to e synthesi?ed for the treatment of people whose odies cannot produce this su stance. "$#1any people whose odies are una le to produce cytochrome 9.30 lac! the a ility to produce certain other su stances as well. "%#%ytochrome 9.30 has no effect on the rain other than to protect it from to*ic chemicals. "&#9eople with 9ar!inson4s disease often e*hi it a mar!ed lessening in the severity of their symptoms when they are treated with dopamine+ a chemical produced naturally in the rain. "'#1any people with 9ar!inson4s disease have the a ility to produce cytochrome 9.30 naturally. 11.The early universe contained only the lightest elements+ hydrogen and helium. Heavier elements+ such as car on+ form only in nuclear reactions in stars and are dispersed when the stars e*plode. A recently discovered gas cloud contained car on several illion years ago+ when the universe was no more than two illion years old. 8f the statements a ove are true+ which of the following must+ on the asis of them+ also e true
(5

"A#The earliest stars contained only hydrogen. "$#/ome stars were formed efore the universe was two illion years old. "%#The car on in the gas cloud later formed part of some stars. "&#>o stars identified to date are as old as the gas cloud. "'#The gas cloud also contained hydrogen and helium. 1(./leep deprivation is a !nown cause of wor!place error+ and many physicians fre,uently go without sleep for periods of (. hours or more. However+ few of these physicians have+ in the course of a routine e*amination y a peer+ een diagnosed with sleep deprivation./o there is little cause for concern that ha itual sleep deprivation will cause widespread physician error. The answer to which of the following ,uestions would e most helpful in evaluating the argument "A#&o physicians who have een diagnosed with sleep disorders also show signs of other ills not related to sleep deprivation "$#8s the a ility to recogni?e the symptoms of sleep deprivation in others significantly impaired y ha itual sleep deprivation "%#&o factors other than ha itual sleep deprivation ever lead to errors in the wor!place on the part of physicians "&#-f people who have recently een treated y physicians+ what percentage elieve that many physicians have occasionally suffered from sleep deprivation "'#8s the incidence of sleep deprivation higher among physicians than it is among other health care wor!ers Questions 13-18 8n a enefit concert each of e*actly seven solo performersCHarris+ Pones+ 1c8ntyre+ >elson+ /trapp+ Trevino+ and <illiamsCwill sing. The concert director is deciding the order in which the performers will sing and is assigning each to e*actly one of seven time slots+ num ered consecutively 1 through 6+ according to the following conditions

GRE

Harris must sing at some time efore 1c8ntyre sings. /trapp must sing at some time efore Pones sings. Trevino must sing either immediately efore or immediately after >elson sings. <illiams must e assigned to time slot 3. 13.<hich of the following could e the order+ from first through seventh+ in which the performers sing "A#Harris+ 1c8ntyre+ <illiams+ Trevino+ >elson+ /trapp+ Pones "$#Pones+ Harris+ <illiams+ /trapp+ 1c8ntyre+ >elson+ Trevino "%#/trapp+ 1c8ntyre+ <illiams+ >elson+ Trevino+ Harris+ Pones "&#Trevino+ Harris+ <illiams+ /trapp+ >elson+ Pones+ 1c8ntyre "'#Trevino+ >elson+ Harris+ /trapp+ <illiams+ 1c8ntyre+ Pones 1..8f there are e*actly four performers who are to sing after >elson sings ut efore /trapp sings+ Harris must e assigned to time slot "A#1 "$#( "%#. "&#3 "'#5 13.8f <illiams is to sing immediately after Harris sings and immediately efore Trevino sings+ which of the following performers could e assigned to time slot 5 "A#Harris "$#Pones "%#>elson "&#/trapp "'#Trevino 15.8f Pones is to sing immediately efore Harris sings+ which of the following must e assigned to time slot 6 "A#Harris "$#Pones "%#1c8ntyre "&#/trapp "'#Trevino
(6

16.8f 1c8ntyre is to sing immediately efore /trapp sings+ Trevino could e assigned to which of the following time slots "A#( "$#. "%#3 "&#5 "'#6 18.8f 1c8ntyre is assigned to time slot .+ which of the following must e true "A#Harris is assigned to a lower-num ered time slot than /trapp. "$#Pones is assigned to a lower-num ered time slot than Trevino. "%#>elson is assigned to a lower-num ered time slot than 1c8ntyre. "&#/trapp is assigned to a lower-num ered time slot than <illiams. "'#Trevino is assigned to a lower-num ered time slot than Pones. Questions 1:-(( Along a street that is currently without trees+ seven trees are to e planted in the pattern 1 3 3 6 ( . 5 <here each num er designates the position of a tree. >o more than two !inds of trees can e planted. 8f maples are used+ no maple can e planted ad2acent to or immediately diagonally opposite another maple. Two trees are ad2acent to each other if the num ers of their positions differ y two+ and immediately diagonally opposite if their num ers differ y one. The following trees+ of three !inds+ are availa le for planting) Three red oa!s Aour maples Aour sycamores 1:.<hich of the following can e the trees planted along the side of the street that has four trees+ in order of their positions eginning with position 1

GRE

"A#1aple+ sycamore+ maple+ sycamore "$#1aple+ sycamore+ red oa!+ maple "%#7ed oa!+ maple+ maple+ red oa! "&#/ycamore+ sycamore+ maple+ maple "'#/ycamore+ sycamore+ red oa!+ red oa! (0.8f red oa!s are used+ then which of the following must e true "A#The other trees used are all maples. "$#The other trees used are all sycamores. "%#The red oa!s are in positions 1+ (+ and 3. "&#The red oa!s are in positions 3+ .+ and 3. "'#The red oa!s are in positions .+ 3+ and 5. (1.Among the trees left over after the planting is done there must e "A#at least one maple "$#at least one red oa! "%#at least one sycamore "&#at most one maple "'#at most one red oa! ((.8f maples are planted+ the side of the street that has four trees must have "A#red oa!s in positions 1 and 6 "$#red oa!s in positions 3 and 3 "%#sycamores in positions 1 and 3 "&#sycamores in positions 1 and 6 "'#sycamores in positions 3 and 3 (3.A list of the fifteen operas most fre,uently performed in recent times includes no wor!s y the nineteenthcentury Berman composer 7ichard <agner. Although music producers tend to produce what audiences want+ relative infre,uency of performance pro a ly does not indicate lac! of popularity in <agner4s case+ since <agner4s operas are notoriously e*pensive to perform on stage. <hich of the following+ if true+ most strongly supports the conclusion of the argument a ove "A#The list of most fre,uently performed operas does not include operas produced y small amateur groups. "$#/ome opera companies are ac!ed y patrons who are willing to commit large sums of
(8

money in order to en2oy lavish productions. "%#All of the fifteen most fre,uently performed operas of recent times are wor!s that have een popular for at least 63 years. "&#1ore recordings have een produced recently of the wor!s of <agner than of the wor!s of any other composer of opera. "'#-peratic wor!s of all !inds have een increasing in popularity in recent years. (..The odies of dwarf individuals of mammalian species are generally smaller in relation to those of nondwarf individuals than are the teeth of the dwarf individuals in relation to those of the nondwarf individuals. Aragmentary s!eletal remains of an adult dwarf woolly mammoth were recently found. The teeth are three-fourths the si?e of the teeth of an average adult nondwarf woolly mammoth. The statements a ove+ if true+ most strongly support which of the following "A#The ody of the dwarf woolly mammoth was less than three-fourths the si?e of the ody of an average adult nondwarf woolly mammoth. "$#>one of the teeth of the dwarf woolly mammoth that were recently discovered was as large as any of the teeth of nondwarf woolly mammoths that have een discovered. "%#The teeth of most adult dwarf individuals of mammalian species are three- fourths the si?e of the teeth of the adult nondwarf individuals of the same species. "&#&warf woolly mammoths had the same num er of teeth as did nondwarf woolly mammoths. "'#&warf individuals of most mammalian species are generally no more than three-fourths the si?e of the adult nondwarf individuals of those species. (3.'*cluding purchases y usinesses+ the average amount spent on a factory-new car has risen 30 percent in the last five years. 8n the average household udget+ the proportion spent on car purchases has remained unchanged in that period. Therefore the average household udget must have increased y 30 percent over the last five years.

GRE

<hich of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies "A#The average num er of factory-new cars purchased per household has remained unchanged over the last five years. "$#The average amount spent per car y usinesses uying factory-new cars has risen 30 percent in the last five years. "%#The proportion of the average household udget spent on all car-related e*penses has remained unchanged over the last five years. "&#The proportion of the average household udget spent on food and housing has remained unchanged over the last five years. "'#The total amount spent nationwide on factorynew cars has increased y 30 percent over the last five years.

(: