Project Quality Management

Project Quality Management
(PMI PMBOK Knowledge Area)
Contents
Few Concepts from PMI PMBOK, 5th Edition Project Quality Management overview Plan Quality Management Perform Quality Assurance Control Quality Sample Questions
Learning Objectives
Concepts from PMI PMBOK, 5th Edition What is the Project Management?
PMBOK Knowledge Area
PQM Processes
Plan Quality Mgmt Perform Quality Assurance Control Quality
PMP Sample Questions
Concepts from PMI PMBOK

What is PMI?
Project Management Institute (PMI ) is the worlds largest not-forprofit membership association for the project management profession.
PMI professional resources and research empower more than 700,000 members, credential holders and volunteers in nearly every country in the world .
http://www.pmi.org/About-Us/About-Us-What-is-PMI.aspx

What is PMBOK Guide?
Project
Management
Body
of
Knowledge (PMBOK)
This standard provide a foundation
for project management knowledge

and represent the four areas of the profession: project, program,
portfolio and the organizational approach to project management.

What is a Project?
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create unique product, service or result.
Temporary: a definite beginning and end
Project end is reached when;

Project objectives are achieved When it is clear that objectives can not be met Need of the project does not exist
Temporary applicable to project, not to product or result produced by
project
Unique: each project has distinguishing characteristics from other

All definitions are taken from PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), 5th Edition

Project vs Operation
VS

Sample Question?
Question 01: All of the following are characteristics of a project EXCEPT:
A. Temporary B. Definite beginning and end C. Interrelated activities D. Repeats itself every month
Answer: D

Portfolio, Program and Project?
A portfolio refers to a collection of projects, programs, subportfolios, and operations
managed as a group to achieve
strategic objectives.
Programs are grouped within a portfolio and are comprised of subprograms, projects or other works that are managed in a coordinated fashion in support of the portfolio.
All definitions are taken from PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), 5th Edition

What is Project Management?
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.
Appropriate application and integration of project management processes
Five Process Groups
PMBOK, 5th Edition, Page 50 All definitions are taken from PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), 5th Edition

Five Process Groups?
PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), 5th Edition

What is Project Management?
Balancing the project competing constraints;
Scope
Cost
Schedule
Quality
Resources
Risk

Project Management Process Group Mapping
Reproduced in reference to Table 3.1, PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), 5th Edition , page 61

What is Quality Management?
Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to Quality (ISO 9000:2005 Clause 3.2.8)
Direction & Control with regard to quality includes establishment of;

Quality policy Quality objectives Quality planning Quality assurance
Quality control
ISO 9001:2008 is the applicable standard for Quality Management System
The Handy Guide to Quality

What is Project Quality Management?
It includes the processes and activities that determine quality policies, objectives and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken.
Project quality management works to ensure that the project requirements, including product requirements, are met and validated.
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, page 227, PMI PMBOK , 5th Edition)
Project quality management uses policies and procedures, to implement, within the projects context, the organizations QMS.
The basic approach to project quality management as described in PMI PMBOK, is intended to be compatible with International Organization of Standardization (ISO).
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK , 5th Edition)
PQM Few concepts

Quality vs Grade?
LCD TV
or
Good old CRT TV
PQM Few concepts

Quality vs Grade?
LCD TV
or
Smart 3D LED TV
PQM Few concepts

Quality vs Grade?

Quality and grade are not the same concept. Quality: The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements (ISO 9000:2005)
Grade: A category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical characteristics
PQM Few concepts

Accuracy vs Precision?
Assume you are firing 05 shots
PQM Few concepts

Precise
but not
Accurate
PQM Few concepts

Accurate
but not
Precise
PQM Few concepts

Precision: is the measure of exactness
Accuracy: is an assessment of correctness
Project management team should determine the appropriate levels of accuracy and precision.

Project Management Process Group Mapping
Reproduced in reference to Table 3.1, PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), 5th Edition , page 61

PQM Overview
Monitoring & Controlling
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Closing
Project Quality Mgmt
Plan Quality Mgmt Perform Quality Assurance
Control Quality

PQM Overview

PQM Overview

PQM Overview
Plan Quality Management Perform Quality Assurance Process Group Planning Executing Monitoring and controlling Control Quality
High level description of what each process focus on What is quality? How will we ensure it? Are we following the procedures and processes as planned? Are the procedures and processes giving the intended results? Are the results of our work meeting the standards?

Question:
Quality audits are an important part of quality management because?
A. B.
They allow for quantification of the risk They randomly audit product results to see if they are meeting quality standards
C. D.
They check to see if the quality process is being followed They are conducted without prior notice and do not allow team members time to cover up defects
Answer: C
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt

Plan Quality Management

Plan Quality Management
Plan quality management is the process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and the deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with relevant quality requirements.
Key benefit: it provides guidance and direction on how quality will be managed and validated throughout the project.
Quality planning should be done in parallel with the other planning processes

Plan Quality Management - ITTOs

Plan Quality Management - ITTOs

Plan Quality Management Data flow Diagram
4.2 Develop Project Mgmt Plan 13.1 Identify Stakeholders
Stakeholder Register Enterprise Environmental factors Organizational Process Assets

Project Mgmt Plan
Project documents update
Project documents
8.1 Plan Quality Management
Quality Mgmt Plan
11.2 Identify risks
5.2 Collect requirements

Requirements documentation
11.2 Identify risks

Risk Register
Process Improvement Plan
Quality Mgmt Plan Quality metrics
Quality checklists
8.2 Perform Quality assurance
8.3 Control Quality
Enterprise /Organization (Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK , 5th Edition)

Question:
Plan Quality includes all of the following outputs EXCEPT:
A. B. C.
Quality Management Plan Accepted deliverables Operational definitions
D.
Checklists
Answer: B

Plan Quality Management - Inputs
Project Management Plan Stakeholder register Risk register
Enterprise environmental factors Organizational process assets

1
Project Management Plan

Important Plans

Scope baseline Schedule baseline Cost baseline
Figure 4-5: Develop Project Management Plan Data Flow Diagram (Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK , 5th Edition)

2
Stakeholder Register
Identify stakeholders possessing a particular interest
in, or having an
impact on, quality
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK , 5th Edition)

3
Risk Register
Risk register contains information on threats and opportunities that may impact quality requirements

4
Captures the requirements that the project shall meet
The components of the requirements documentation include project (and product) quality requirement as well.

5

Enterprise Environmental Factors

Government agency regulations Rules, Standards and guidelines Working or operating conditions
Organizational Process Assets

Organizational quality policy, procedures, guidelines

Historical database Lesson learned from previous projects


Plan Quality Management Tools & Techniques
Cost benefit analysis
Cost of quality
Seven basic quality tools Benchmarking
Design of experiments
Statistical sampling Additional quality planning tools Meetings

Cost of quality:

Cost of Conformance Cost of Nonconformance
Seven basic quality tools

Cause and effect diagram Checksheet
Pareto diagram Scatter diagram

Flowchart
Control Chart Histogram



Plan Quality Management - Outputs
1. 2. 3.
Quality Management Plan Process Improvement Plan Quality Metrics
4.
5.
Quality Checklists
Project Documents Updates

1

Plan Quality Mgmt Output Quality Management Plan

How the organizations quality policies will be implemented? How the project management team plans to meet the quality requirements
Quality management plan Formal or Informal, Detailed or broadly framed
Component of the Project Management Plan
For Sample PQP

2

Plan Quality Mgmt Output Process Improvement Plan

Analysis & improvement of project processes How quality activities will be streamlined and improved
Plan Quality Mgmt Output Quality Metrics

Specifically describe a project or product attribute and how the control quality process will measure it.
These are used in perform quality assurance and control quality processes.
Quality Metrics

4
Plan Quality Mgmt Output Quality Checklists

A structured tool, usually component specific, used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed.
Checklists may be simple or complex
Quality Checklists
Plan Quality Mgmt Output Project Documents Updates

Stakeholder register Responsibility assignment matrix

Question:
All of the following are true quality statements EXCEPT:
A.
Quality improvement depends upon better definition and increased awareness of the requirements/specifications
B.
Project
quality
management
must
address
both
management of the project and the product of the project

C.
Recognition of key actions required of each team member is necessary to meet quality objectives
D.
Computer-aided design systems can improve quality but only at the expense of an increase in the cost of design
Answer: D

Question:
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Plan Quality process?
A. B. C. D.
Benchmarking Audits Cost benefit analysis Design of experiments
Answer: B

Question:
A project manager wants to perform a code review, but over two million lines of code have already been written for this project, and more are being produced every day. Rather than reviewing each line of code, the manager should consider:
A. B. C. D.
Automated testing tools Trend analysis Statistical sampling Regression analysis
Answer: C
Perform Quality Assurance


Perform Quality Assurance - ITTOs
Process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements
Facilitates the improvement of quality processes

Perform Quality Assurance Data flow Diagram
Quality Mgmt Plan Process Impr. Plan Quality metrics Project Mgmt Plan update
4.2 Develop Project Mgmt Plan
8.3 Control Quality

Quality control measurements
Change requests
4.5 Perform Integrated Change Control
Project Documents
Project documents
8.2 Perform Quality Assurance
Project documents update
Project documents
Organizational process asset updates
Enterprise /Organization

Question:
A customer is concerned that the quality process is not being followed as laid out in the quality management plan. The best way to see if this claim is accurate is:
A. B. C. D.
Random sampling Kaizen Personally participate in the quality inspections Audits
Answer: D

Perform Quality Assurance - Inputs
Quality Management Plan Process Improvement Plan Quality metrics
Quality control measurements

Project documents

1
Quality Management Plan
Describes the quality assurance approach for the project

2
Process Improvement Plan
QA activities should be supportive of and consistent with the performing organizations process improvement plans
Quality Metrics
Provides the attributes that should be measured and the allowable variations
Quality Metrics

4
Quality Control Measurements
QC activities feedback to QA for use in re-evaluating the quality standards
Project documents
Project documents should be
monitored as they may influence

QA work

Perform Quality Assurance Tools & Techniques
Quality Management and Control tools Quality Audits Process Analysis

1
Quality Management and Control tools

Same tools and techniques of the Plan Quality Management and Control Quality processes
Other tools that can be utilized are:

Affinity Diagram Tree Diagram Matrix diagrams Prioritization matrices Activity network diagram Interrelationship digraphs

a
Affinity Diagram
A grouping technique that does not involve
quantitative ranking
A brainstorming method to gather ideas

b
Tree Diagram
Useful as decision tree
Parent to child relationships

To identify the tasks needed to solve a problem and reach
a goal

2
Quality Audits
A structured, independent process to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies and procedures.
Quality audits may be scheduled or random. May be conducted by internal or external auditors.
Quality Audits

3
Process Analysis

To be done as per Process Improvement Plan To examine problems experienced, constraints, non-value added activities
Process Analysis

Perform Quality Assurance - Outputs
1. 2. 3.
Change requests Project management plan updates Project documents updates
4.
Organizational process assets updates

1
Change Requests
Used to take corrective action, preventive action or to perform defect repair

2
Project Mgmt Plan Updates

Updates to:

Quality Management Plan Scope Management Plan Schedule Management Plan Cost Management Plan

Updates to:
Quality audit reports

Training plans

4
Organizational Process Assets Updates

Updates to:
Organizations quality management system

Question:
A customer is concerned that the quality process is not being followed as You are in charge of managing a software development project which is related to simulations for driving racing cars. In one of your team meetings - it has been reported that a lot of issues have been reported in the air tunnel modeling module. On deeper analysis - it is found that many of the issues could have been prevented, if a simple code review checklist been used. You prepare a code review checklist and ensure the code is reviewed as per the checklist. This is a good example of :
A. B. C. D.
Corrective Action Defect Repair Preventive Action Quality Control
Answer: A

Control Quality
PQM Control Quality

Control Quality - ITTOs

Assessing project results for compliance with quality standards Identifying root causes of quality defects
PQM Control Quality

Control Quality Data flow Diagram
4.2 Develop Project Mgmt Plan 4.3
Direct & Manage Project Work Deliverables Work Performance Data

Quality metrics Quality checklists Project documents update
Project documents
4.2 Develop Project Mgmt Plan 4.4

Monitor & Control Project work
Project Mgmt Plan updates
4.5
Perform Integrated Change Control
Project Mgmt Plan
Approved Change Requests
8.3 Control Quality
Validated changes Work performance information
4.5
Perform Integrated Change Control
Change requests
Project documents
Project documents
Quality Control Measures
Validated deliverables
5.5 Validate Scope
8.2 Perform Quality assurance

Organizational Process Assets updates
PQM Control Quality

Question:
Reduced quality on a project would MOST likely lead to which of the following:
A. B. C. D.
Rework and increased cost risk Increased inspections and decreased cost Absenteeism and decreased cost Reduced quality limits
Answer: A
PQM Control Quality

Question:
In the process of managing a construction project, you discover a very serious defect in the way one particular section has been built. Your engineers analyze the section of the building and decide that the problem is actually relatively minor. In which process are you involved?
A. B. C. D.
Plan Quality Perform Quality Assurance Perform Quality Control Project Quality Management
Answer: C
PQM Control Quality

Control Quality - Inputs

Project Management Plan Quality metrics Quality checklists Work performance data Approved Change Requests Deliverables Project Documents
PQM Control Quality

1
Project Management Plan

Quality management plan a component of Project management plan Describe how quality control will be performed
Quality Metrics

Describe a project or product attribute and how it will be measured Examples are failure rate, test coverage etc
Quality Metrics
Quality Checklists
Help to verify that the work of the projects and its deliverables fulfill a set of requirements
PQM Control Quality

4
Work Performance data

Information on status of project activities
Deliverables completed, Quality requirements met etc.
Approved Change Requests
Change requests may include modifications such as defect repairs, revised work methods etc.
Deliverables
Any unique and verifiable product, result of capability
PQM Control Quality

7
Project documents

Agreements Corrective action log

Organizations quality policy Standard work guidelines Issue and defect reporting procedures
PQM Control Quality

Control Quality Tools & Techniques
Seven Basic Quality Tools Statistical Sampling Inspection Approved change request review
PQM Control Quality

Control Quality Inspection
Examination of a work product to determine if it conforms to documented standards
Inspections also used to validate defect repairs

PQM Control Quality

Control Quality - Outputs
1.
2.
3. 4.
Validated Changes
Verified Deliverables Works Performance Information
5.
6. 7.
Change Requests
Project management plan updates Project documents updates
8.
Organizational process assets updates
PQM Control Quality

1

Documented results of control quality activities Format for documenting these results outline during Plan Quality
Validated Changes
Changed or repaired items are inspected for acceptance or rejection
Verified deliverables

To determine the correctness of deliverables Inputs to Validate Scope for formalized
acceptance
PQM Control Quality

4
Work Performance Information

Performance data collected from various controlling processes Examples include causes for rejection, rework required etc
Change Requests
For corrective actions or preventive actions or a defect repair
Project Management Plan Updates

Quality Management Plan Process Improvement Plan
PQM Control Quality

7

Quality Standards Quality audit reports Agreements Training plans
Organizational Process Assets Updates

Completed checklists Lesson Learned documentation

Quality Myths Quality is the responsibility of QA&QC department. Quality is expensive. PMP Concept Project Management Team has responsibilities relating to quality. Quality leads to lower costs (reworks, failures)
Inspection is the key to quality.
Inspection is too late. Workers should produce defect-free goods, right at first time (Prevention over inspection)
Most defects are caused by the system (Project success factors research) Most variation is caused by the systems that judge, punish, destroy teamwork.
Defects are caused by workers.

Rewarding the best performers and punishing the worst will lead to greater productivity and creativity

Question:
You are responsible for managing a project that deals with laying out a freeway connecting two major port cities. Progress on the project has been smooth and you and your team are
very confident on completing the project well within the stipulated timelines. On reviewing
you see that the project has also run below the budget resulting in savings. You decide to add an extra feature of reflector strips on the road every mile. You do a quick calculation and are satisfied that neither budget nor schedule will slip. You feel that by adding these
extra features you could also bag some future projects as well. This is an example of
A. B. C. D.
Scope Creep Gold Plating
Fast Tracking
Integrated Change Control
Answer: B

Question:
The project quality management process must:
A. B. C. D.
Address the quality of management and product Improve the project management and quality of the product Ensure that the project satisfies customer requirement All of the above
Answer: D

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