KANDUNGAN

SEJARAH PERMAINAN

Adalah dipercayai permainan ini bermula daripada sepasukan penanda balak yang
menggunakan tembakan dari marker untuk nemandakan pokok di dalam hutan. Dari
situ mereka mula tukar kepada menembak satu sama lain. Paintball has come a long
way from its roots to where it is now with thousands of fields around the globe, and
millions of players worldwide. The game has involved from a bunch of people
shooting paintballs at each other in the wild woods, to groups such as the XBall
League with professional teams and a national audience. Paintball players have gotten
stronger, quicker, and faster, and paintball guns and gear has grown to shoot faster and
more accurately. But some things about the game have remained the same. Paintball is
a sport for adventure seekers, thrill seekers who enjoy the adrenaline rush of
surrounding players, eliminating them, diving for cover, firing sniper shots, and the
great energy rush that comes from playing To learn more about the history of
paintball, read on below.

The sport of paintball was the brainchild of Hayes Noel. Hayes Noel was a New York
City stockholder who grew weary of the 20th century American whose life in the
business sector made them soft and unable to defend themselves in the event of a real
crisis. Hayes Noel, being a New Yorker, thought of designing a game where players
could build up their natural survival instincts in the event that they would really need
to use them. Hayes recruited a number of his friends to create a game of tag where
people could eliminate each other using non-lethal ammo. Hayes Noel, and George
Butler then came across a paint marker in an agricultural catalog. The marker and
paint ammo were sold by Nelson Paint, and were used for marking cattle and trees for
cutting down. Hayes and Butler ordered a number of markers and organized the first
paintball game in New Hampshire. The original design of the game was called the
survival game where everyone would shoot at each other, until one champion was left
standing. The helter skelter survival inspired the founding fathers of paintball to
organize an official game.

The first organized paintball contest was held in Henniker, New Hampshire. The
organized event was organized by Hayes Noel and Bob Gurney, on a huge 80 acre
wood lot. This game was played under a unique flag format where flags were placed
in midpoints of the sides of the field. The winner of the game was the first person to
collect all the flags without getting hit. The player who won this first game, Ritchie
White, was able to capture all of the flags without getting hit, or even firing a single
shot. Because of the size of the field, the game was long, and the action was sporadic,
as opposed to the quicker, paintballs flying versions of future games played with more
people, smaller fields, and faster ammo.

In summary, the first paintball fields were played in natural conditions like open
fields, wooded lots, and the woods and streams. The fields were large, and the
camouflage clothes worn in these games reflected the environment the paintball
players competed in. And the markers used were pump markers, capable of firing only
one paintball before they could be fired again. The original marker by Nelson Paint
was replaced by guns such as the UM68 and the Splatmaster. The UM68 was
manufactured by Pursuit Marketing Inc. (PMI). After the first official capture the flag
game, the game took off pretty quickly, and fields were going up left and right.
Natural cover paints were replaced by inflatable bunkers that enabled field operators
more control in designing their own field. And guns that could fire over 17 paintballs
per second made the game a lot faster.

The Origins of Paintball

While sports like archery or soccer go back hundreds and even thousands of years, the
origins of paintball date back only a few decades. But what a few decades they were.
Paintball started out among a few friends playing survival games, and grew to the
sport today where almost 10 million a year play. For a brief timeline of how the game
of paintball evolved, read on below.

The man most responsible for the birth of the game was Hayes Noel, of New York
City. Hayes Noel, when not making heart pounding deals at the New York Stock
Exchange, dreamed up the idea of a survival game, where friends and competitors
could play a game that was not only fun, but would teach them about fundamental
survival skills. Hayes dreamed up a game that would teach players about how to
survive and take care of themselves should the need ever arise. The fun of shooting at
each other in non-lethal competition may have had something to do with it too.

Many of the fundamentals of the game began to come together during a fishing outing
between Charles Gaines and Hayes Noel. There, they came up with the basic elements
of a survival game, a game of total elimination until one man is left standing. The next
step in defining the game was finding the right equipment. Finding the right
equipment means finding a firing mechanism that would obviously tag someone as
eliminated, but not cause injury to the individual.

George Butler, a friend of Hayes Noel, then discovered an agricultural catalog

featuring a paint marker for marking animals like cattle. This paint marker was called
the Nelspot Marker and sold buy Nelsom paint in Michigan. The Paintballs were oil
based and used to mark cows that were up for vaccination. The Nelson paintballs were
also used for marking trees slated for cutting.

The Nelspot Marker was a pistol shaped but with a long clear barrel in the shape of a
tube projecting out of the back end. The back end was loaded with paintballs for
firing. The Nelspot Marker was powered with CO2 cartridges. The oil based paintball
shot out of the marker was mean to burst open when it hit its target.

Hayes and butler ordered these pump markers and proceeded onto the field research
where they would shoot each other with reckless abandon. They played in the woods,
hiding behind trees and behind the rocks, shooting at each other until they were good
and sore. While shooting each other in the ass and other body parts proved to be loads
of fun, Gainer, Butler, and Hayes decided it would be even more fun to get other into
the game. From there, they decided to organize refereed games. The guys mapped out
a field, crafted their own rules, and got friends and family from all over the country in
on the action.

The first organized game was held on Saturday June 27th 1981, near Henniker, New
Hampshire. The game took place on a huge 80 acre woodlot, where flags were placed
at its midpoints of the sides of the field. Each side of the field was represented by a
different flag color. The goal of this early version of capture the flag was to capture
one of each color flag without getting hit.

Some other early pioneers of the game of paintball include Lionel Atwill (writer of the
first official book on paintball, Bob Carlson, Joe Drinon, Ken Barret, and Ritchie
White.

Paintball is a game[1] in which players eliminate opponents by hitting them with

pellets containing paint (referred to as a "paintball") usually shot from a carbon
dioxide or compressed-gas (HPA or N2) powered paintball gun (or marker).

The Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association estimates that over 5.4 million people
played the game in the United States in 2007, with over 1.5 million playing at least 15
times.

JENIS PERMAINAN

Terdapat tiga variasi permainan paintball iaitu woodsball, scenario, Xball dan
speedball. Diantara ketiga-ttiga variasi tersebut, speedball adalah merupakan yang
paling banyak dimainkan kerana ia melibatkan persekitaran yang lebih selamat, ruang
yang tidak begitu luas dan boleh dimainkan dalam jangkamasa yang tidak lama.
Undang-undang permainan bagi ketiga-tiga variasi ini juga berbeza antara satu sama
lain dan setiap satunya dirangka agar semua pemain merasa seronok bermain dalam
persekitaran yang selamat.

Seperti kebanyakan permainan lain, paintball juga melibatkan persaingan antara dua
pasukan dalam jangka masa yang ditentukan dan matlamatnya ialah untuk
menewaskan pasukan lawan melalui elimination dan mencapai objektifnya seperti
mendapatkan bendera pasukan lawan, mengeluarkan pemain tertentu dan sebagianya.

Berdasarkan variasi permainan yang digunakan, permainan ini boleh mengambil masa
beberapa minit hinggalah beberapa hari.
Woodsball –

Xball –

Scenario -

Speedball - . adalah merupakan permainan yang dijalankan dalam kawasan yang tidak
mempunyai sebarang tempat berlindung semulajadi. Oleh itu bunker tiruan digunakan
dan diatur di dalam kawasan permainan. Variasi permainan ini direka untuk
membolehkan penonton menyaksikan aksi permainan.

PERALATAN

Marker

Marker adalah senapang menggunakan kuasa angin untuk menembak pellet. Terdapat
dua jenis marker iaitu manual dan e-marker. Marker manual biasanya digunakan oleh
pemilik gelanggang permainan paintball sementara individu yang serius akan
menggunakan e-marker.

• Guns usually also require some sort of loader/hopper and propellant to work
(CO2, nitrogen or compressed air).

The most common gas propellant is CO2 and typically comes in the three sizes of 9
oz, 12 oz and the 20 oz. The bigger 20 oz tanks can fire 800 to 1400 shots depending
on the efficiency of the marker. Due to its low cost production, the CO2 propellant is
of lower quality compared to compressed air. CO2 also sometimes malfunctions when
the outside temperature goes lower than 40 degrees Fahrenheit, while compressed air
can withstand much more temperature change.

Compressed air tanks will come in 3000 and 4500 psi variations which can be
anywhere from 45ci to 92ci. The 3000 psi tanks can fire anywhere from 500 to 1500
shots depending on the gun and 4500 psi tanks can fire anywhere from 1000 to 3000.
Compressed air will also give more consistency and accuracy.

Google
Pelindung muka, khususnya mata dan juga telinga. Google ini adalah wajib dipakai
sepanjang masa berada dalam kawasan permainan atas sebab-sebab keselamatan.
Pemain yang menanggalkan google sewaktu permainan boleh dikenakan tindakan
keras oleh referee sehingga membatalkan kemenangan pasukan yang diwakilinya.

Harness

Harness digunakan untuk membawa pod yang berisi pellet sewaktu bermain.

Pod

Ialah bekas, biasanya plastic untuk diisi dengan pellet dan digunakan untuk
menambah pellet dalam hopper sewaktu bermain.

Pellet

Ialah “peluru” yang ditembak oleh marker untuk meninggalkan bekas ke atas pihak
lawan sebagai tanda ia telah di”tembak” dan terkeluar dari permainan. Pellet ini
diberpuat daripada gelatine yang diisi dengan dye waterbased. Dye yang digunakan
biasanya berwarna jingga iaitu warna yang khusus untuk permainan paintball.

Regular paintballs are made of a gelatin shell filled with food coloring and vegetable
oil. The gelatin shell is designed to break upon impact, however, ricochets may occur.
There are many types of paintballs, such as glow in the dark paintballs for use at
night, scented paintballs, formulations for winter play, and more.

Pakaian

GELANGGANG PERMAINAN

Most players prefer to go to commercial paintball parks, which charge for

admission.[citation needed]. These paintball parks usually feature different themed fields
(e.g. woods, jungle, city, or historical battlefield), as well as a complex of speedball
fields made up of inflatable paintball bunkers for speedball and tournament teams.
Some commercial fields are indoors, allowing players to play when it is too hot, too
wet, or too dark outside. Commercial fields also (but not always) provide such
amenities as bathrooms, picnic areas, lockers, equipment rentals, air refills, and even
food service. These fields adhere to specific safety and insurance standards and have a
paid staff, including referees, whose job is to make sure players are instructed in
proper play in a manner that ensures all participants' safety. In order to avoid liability,
commercial fields strictly monitor paintball velocity with chronographs.

Players that find commercial fields to be too expensive or too crowded sometimes
play on private land, often referred to as "renegade" play or "outlaw ball". Though
less expensive and less structured than play at a commercial facility, the lack of safety
protocols, instruction, and oversight means that the vast majority of injuries incurred
by paintball players occur in these "renegade" games. Private landowners may also be
liable for injuries sustained on their property, especially if they opt to charge fees for
play.

Major scenario and tournament events may sometimes occur at other locations like
fairgrounds, military bases, or stadiums, essentially turning them into temporary
paintball parks. The same trained staff and insurance found at permanent commercial
paintball parks can be found at these events.

A recently occurring trend in paintball is that of a mobile field, where a business

primarily provides paintballs and paintball related services on land that they are using
only temporarily. This is often done for the means of scenario gaming, to provide
different tracts of land for players to play on.

PERATURAN-PERATURAN PERMAINAN

The following are the most basic and common paintball rules. While there is little
variation in safety rules, variation in other game rules is
OVERSHOOTING

To overshoot (also called bonus balling, lighting up, or overkilling) is to repeatedly

shoot a player after they are eliminated. Generally, a few extra shots after a successful
break is considered overshooting. The practice is frowned upon by nearly all players.
It is also considered overshooting if player knew the opponent was eliminated but
continued to shoot, disregarding the safety of the opposing player. The penalty for
overshooting in tournaments is usually a 2-for-1, the elimination of the guilty player
as well as two other players from his or her own team, but each tournament has its
own set of rules.
BLIND FIRING

To "blind fire" is to discharge a gun around a corner or over an object with your head
still behind that object or corner, making the firer unable to see where they are
shooting. Blind firing is discouraged on many fields, for potential safety implications.
As the shooter cannot see where their shots are landing, they could accidentally fire at
somebody point blank, hit a referee, hit a person that had removed their mask (also a
major safety violation), or otherwise cause damage or injury through indiscriminately
firing paint at an unseen target, although many players use the arc of a paintball to
shoot at someone they can't see over low bunkers. This tactic is not advisable, yet can
be effective in dense woods situations.
RAMPING

"Ramping", refers to an electronically controlled marker increasing bps (Balls Per

Second) while it is firing. Ramping of velocity increases velocity during rapid fire and
is prohibited in all tournament formats and paintball fields. Ramping of rate of fire
begins adding shots while the trigger is pulled more rapidly, and is widely prohibited
at paintball fields. Rate of Fire ramping is allowed in some tournament formats. Most
of the major professional leagues modified their rules for 2008 to limit rate of fire to
13.3 balls per second versus the previous 15.[3] Although it is possible for players to
fire more than 13.3 BPS (Balls Per Second), doing so with ramping is disliked by
some, and is regulated by PSP.

PERTANDINGAN PAINTBALL

ISTILAH-ISTILAH PAINTBALL

LIST OF COMMONLY USED TERMS IN PAINTBALL

1. APG - Action Pursuit Games Paintball Magazine

2. Barrel Socks - A bag that fits over the business end of the marker / emarker's
muzzle. It prevents projectiles from accidentally leaving the marker / emarker.
PROTECTION!
3. Bunker (noun) - An object or embankment on the paintball field that a player uses
for cover
4. Bunker (verb) - To charge a bunker and eliminate (Hopefully), at close range, any
players hiding behind it
5. Chronograph - A device used to measure the velocity (speed) of a paintball pellets
coming out of a marker / emarker barrel. The safe maximum speed of a paintball is
280 - 300 Feet Per Second (FPS)
6. CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - Pressurized liquid propellant used to power paintball
marker / emarker
7. Hopper (Gravity / Electronic) - A larger hopper which holds paintball pellets -
feeding them into the marker / emarker through its bottom, typically holds around 150
rounds 250 rounds.
8. Hopper Agitator - An electronic device which is located at the base of the feeder.
The agitator helps insure that balls feed through the bottom of the feeder. Often used
on faster firing guns like the Intimidator, AutoMag, AutoCocker, Shocker, Angel, and
many other higher end paintball emarker
9. Safety Pin - Safety Pin enables the marker / emarker is always turn on or off of its
shooting features
10. FPS - Feet Per Second. The measurement of speed at which the paintball travels.
300FPS is the maximum velocity a paintball may travel safely Recreation play is
typically around 270FPS
11. Harness or Ammo Pack - Belt / harness system for carrying tubes of paintball
pellets (Usually at the back of the player) so a player may reload their hopper on the
field during play