Reasoning

Continued from previous issue

INPUT
After discussion on Passward in detail, we should now concentrate on the questions related to Input which are asked in Bank P.O. Examinations. The questions on Input involve several steps and each step is designed according to a certain rule. Each step has distinct identity and each step differs from the other one with regard to the arrangement of terms. In other words, no two Steps have similar positions of terms. Now consider the following examples : Directions (11-15) : An ammunition factory, for their employees' access to certain departments, uses a series of six passwords on each of the weekdays. Everyday there are three shifts. The password series for the first shift and the third shift remains the same, but for the second shift on each day, the order of the six words is reversed. The password series for the third shift of each of the five days is given below : Monday : jo shahid hue hain un ki yaad Tuesday : un ki jo shahid hue hain yaad Wednesday : hue hain un ki jo shahid yaad Thursday : jo shahid hue hain un ki yaad Friday : un ki jo shahid hue hain yaad Ex. 11. The middle letter of the password series for the first shift of 2nd June, i.e., Monday is 'hain'. What would be the FIRST word of the password series for the second shift of 19th June of the same year ? (1) shahid (2) un (3) yaad (4) hain (5) None of these Ex. 12. What will be the MIDDLE word of the password series for the second shift on a Wednesday ? (1) ki (2) hue (3) shahid (4) hain (5) None of these Ex. 13. If "mujhe tum se kuchch bhi na chahiye" is the password series for the first shift of a Monday, what will be the LAST letter of the password series for the second shift on Thursday of the same week ? (1) chahiye (2) mujhe (3) se (4) na (5) None of these Ex. 14. If the password series for the third shift on Monday was "ABCDEFG" then what will be the LAST letter of the password series for the first shift on Friday in the same week ? (DA (2)B (3) F (4) D (5) None of these Ex. 15. If the password series for the second shift on

Thursday consisted of digits 1 to 7 then what will be the second digit of the password series for the third shift on the next day ? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) None of these [Bank P.O. Exam., 2008]

EXPLANATIONS
(11-15) : The password series for the third shift everyday is the same as that of the password series for the first shift. For the second shift everyday, the order of the six words is reversed. Monday: 1 2 jo shahid Tuesday: 5 6 un ki 3 hue 1 jo 4 hain 2 shahid 6 ki 4 hain 2 5 un 3 hue 6 ki 4 hain 2 shahid 6 ki 4 hain 7 yaad 7 yaad 7 yaad 7 yaad 7 yaad

Wednesday: 3 4 5 hue hain un Thursday: 1 2 jo shahid Friday: 5 6 un ki 3 hue 1

1
jo 5 un

3 shahid hue jo 11.(5) 2 n d J u n e - Monday . . 19th June Thursday

.

Other Mondays 9, 16, 23 The password series for the first shift on Thursday jo shahid hue un ki yaad

The password series for the second shift on Thursday un hain hue shahid jo yaad. First word 12.(5) The password series for the first or third shift on Wednesday hue hain un ki jo shahid yaad The password series for the second shift on Wednesday shahid jo ki hain hue yaad

Middle word

13.(1) The password series for the first or third shift on Monday and Thursday is the same. The password series for the first shift on Thursday mujhe tum se kuchch bhi chahiye na chahiye The password series for the second shift on Thursday na bhi kuchch se tum mujhe

Last word

The last word of the password series for all the three shifts on everyday of the week remains the same. 14.(5) The last word of the password series for each shift on every day remains the same. . . Last word G 15.(1)
.

The password series

for the

second shift

onT hursday

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The password series for the third shift on Thursday

The password series for the third shift on Friday 2 6 5 4 3 7

Second digit Directions (16-20) : Study the following information to answer the given questions : A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers, rearranges them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and S t e p s of rearrangement: Input: wind packet 19 7 back 12 task 34 Step I: 34 wind packet 19 7 back 12 task Step I I : 34 back wind packet 19 7 12 task Step III: 34 back 19 wind packet 7 12 task Step I V : 34 back 19 packet wind 7 12 task Step V: 34 back 19 packet 12 wind 7 task Step V I : 34 back 19 packet 12 task wind 7 Step V n : 34 back 19 packet 12 task 7 wind and Step VII is the last step. As per the rules followed in the above Steps, find out in the given questions the appropriate step for the given input. Ex. 16. Input : 9 13 about tariff 24 call 29 even. Which of the following will be the IVth step ? (1) 29 about 24 9 13 tariff call even (2) 29 about 24 call 9 13 tariff even (3) 29 about 24 call 13 9 tariff even (4) 29 about 24 call 13 even 9 tariff (5) Cannot be determined Ex. 17. If Step II of an i n p u t is 37 desk 34 garden 5 father victory 17, which of the following steps will be the last step ?

(1) III rd (2)Vth (3) IV th (4) VI th (5) None of thcse Ex. 18. 11 Step I of an input is 59 bead tcnure father 38 11 ultimate 24. which of the following will be Step III ? (1)59 bead 38 tenure 11 father ultimate 24 (2) 59 bead 38 11 tenure father ultimate 24 (3) 59 bead 38 tenure father 11 ultimate 24 (4) 59 bead 38 father tenure 11 ultimate 24 (5) None of these Ex. 19. If the last step of an input is 41 eost 32 over 28 project 17 violet, which of the following musl be the input ? (1) project 32 cost over 17 41 violet 28 (2) project 32 cost over 41 violet 17 28 (3) project cost 32 over 41 17 violet 28 (4) Cannot be determined (5) None of these Ex.20. Which of the following will be the Illrd step of the following input ? Input: 24 12 entry sand butter 51 32 carry (1) 51 butter 32 24 12 entry sand carry (2) 51 butter 32 carry 24 12 entiy sand (3) 51 butter 32 carry 24 entry 12 sand (4) 51 24 12 entry sand butter 32 carry (5) None of these (Bank P.O. Exam.. 2009]

EXPLANATIONS
(16-20) : After analysing carefully the given input linc of words and numbers and various steps of rearrangement we can conclude that in the first step the greatest number is placed at the first position from the left and in the second step one word which comes lirst in the dictionary Order is placed at the second position from the left. In the third step, the second highest number is placed at the third position from the left and in the fourth step the word which comes second in the dictionary erder (or in alphabetical Order) is placed at the fourth position. These two Steps are repeated alternately tili all the numbers gel arranged in descending order and all the words are arranged in alphabetical order. In every step one number or one word is necessarily arranged. 16.(2) Input: 9 13 about Step I: 29 9 13 Step I I : 29 about 9 Step III: 29 about 24 Step I V : 29 about 24 17.(3) Step I I : 37 desk 34 Step n i : 37 desk 34 StepIV: 37 d esk 34 tariff about 13 9 call garden 24 tariff tariff 13 9 5 call 24 24 tariff 13 29 call call call tariff even even even even even 17 17 victory

father victory 5 garden victory 5

father garden father 17

18.(4) Step I: 59 bead tenure father 38 11 ulumate 24 Step I I : 59 bead 38 tenure father 11 ulmate 24 Step III: 59 bead 38 father tenure 11 ulmate 24 19.(4) It is not possible to determine the previous Step from the last step. 20.(1) Input: 24 12 entry sand butter 51 32 carry Step I: entry sand butter 32 carry 51 24 12 Step I I : 12 entry sand 32 carry 51 butter 24 Step III: entry sand carry 51 butter 32 24 12 Directions (21-25) : Read the following Information carefully and answer the questions given below : A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them following a particular rule and generates stepwise Outputs tili the arrangement is complete following that rule. Following is an Illustration of input and Steps of rearrangement tili the last step. Input: tree cut 92 17 garden 32 51 food Step I : cut tree 92 food 17 garden 32 51 Step I I : cut 92 17 garden 32 foqd tree 51 Step III cut food 92 tree 51 17 garden 32 Step IV cut food 92 51 17 garden 32 tree Step V : 92 17 32 cut food 51 garden tree Step VI 92 32 17 cut food 51 garden tree And Step VI is the last step of the input. As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out the answer to each of the questions given below : Ex.21. Step IV of an input is : earn more 82 63 12 31 quite new Which of the following will definitely be S t e p II of the
Output?

(3) advance again 63 47 bench between 29 13 (4) Cannot be determined (5) None of these Ex. 24. Step II of an input is : desk eagle 12 28 41 69 foreign land How many more steps will be required to complete the rearrangement ? (1)4 (2)6 (3) 5 (4) 3 (5) None of these Ex.25 Step III of an input is : again dark 83 sour 19 21 prey 39 Which of the following steps will be the last but one ? (1)V (2) VI (3) VIII (4) VII (5) None of these [Bank PO Exam, 2009]

EXPLANATIONS
(21-25) : After careful analysis of the given input and various Steps of rearrangement it is clear that in the first step one word which comes first in the dictionary has been placed at the first position; in the second step the word which comes second in the dictionary has been placed at the second position; in the third step the highesl number is placed at the third position and in the fourth step the second highest number is placed at the fourth position. These four Steps are repeated in the same order to get the last step. In other words, the words are arranged in dictionary' order while the numbers are arranged in descending order. 21.(4) From any given step we cannot determine the previous step. 22.(1) Input : bring home 42 73 15 goal 32 type Step I : bring goal home 42 73 15 32 type Step II : bring goal 73 home 42 15 32 type Step III : bring goal 73 42 home 15 32 type Step IV : bring goal 73 42 home type 15 32 Step V : bring goal 73 42 home type 32 15 Step V is the last step. 23.(5) Input : bench 47 63 advance 13 29 again between Step I : advance bench 47 63 13 29 again between Step I I : advance again bench 47 63 13 29 between Step III : advance again 63 bench 47 13 29 between 24.(3) Step II : desk eagle 12 28 41 69 foreign larid Step III : desk eagle 69 12 28 41 foreign land Step IV : desk eagle 69 41 12 28 foreign land S t e p V : desk eagle 69 41 foreign 12 28 land Step V I : desk eagle 69 41 foreign land 12 28 Step VII : desk eagle 69 41 foreign land 28 12 Therefore, five more Steps would be required. 25.(1) Step III : again dark 83 sour 19 21 prey 39 Step IV : again dark 83 39 sour 19 21 prey S t e p V : again dark 83 39 prey sour 19 21 Step V I : again dark 83 39 prey sour 21 19 Step V is the last but one step.

(1) earn more 12 63 82 31 quite new (2) earn more new 82 63 12 31 quite (3) earn more quite new 82 12 63 31 (4) Cannot be determined (5) None of these Ex.22. Input: bring home 42 73 15 goal 32 type Which of the following steps will be the last ? (UV (2) VI (3) IV (4) VII (5) None of these Ex. 23. Input : bench 47 63 advance 13 29 again between Which of the following is s t e p III of the O u t p u t ? (1) a d v a n c e again 63 47 bench 13 29 between (2) advance again 63 47 bench between 13 29

Directions (1-5) : In each of the following questions, choose the word which expresses nearly the sarae meantng to the word printed in bold at the question place. 1. Reversal (1) Admiration (2) Change oppositely (3) Discrimination (4) Reverence 2. Coercion (2) Coexist (1) Korce (3) Treat well (4) Depiction 3. Compliance (1) Refusal (2) Complaint (3) Obedience (4) Complement 4. De facto (1) In fact (2) Assurnption (3) Deface (4) Intended'to harm 5. Standstill (l)Moving (2) Stand by (3) Inability to proeeed (4) Standard Directions (6-11) : In each of the following questions, choose the word opposite in meaning to the word printed in bold at the question place. 6. Impeccable (l)Faulty (2) Faultless (3) Exemplary (4) Flawless 7. Submissive (1) Assertiveness (2) Acquiescent (3) Humble (4) Assertive 8. Restratat (1) Seif control (2) Moderation (3) Restoration (4) Freedom 9. Swift (2) Quick (1) Fast (3) Slow (4) Swell 10 Contrived (l)Artificial (2) Ingenuine (3) Genuine (4) Counterfeit lO. Benign (1) Gentie (2) Kindly (3) Malignant (4) Mild Directions (12-15) : Choose the correct meaning of the following idioms/phrases out of the four alternatives. 12. Couple with (1) Combine with (2) Separate from (3) Attack (4) A violent change 13. Armed with (1) To embrace (2) Fully prepared (3) Fight bitlerly (4) Surrender

14. Follow up (1) Add something (2) Cover something (3) Continue (4) Discontinue 15. Go hammer and tongs (1) Close friendship (2) Fight severely (3) wild drinking spree (4) Make Hat

EXPLANATIONS
1. (2) The word reversal (Noun) means : a change of something so thal it is opposite of what it was; a change from being successful to having problems or being defeated. Herice, Ms relative synonym is change oppsitely. Look at the sentence : The government suffered a total reversal of fortunes recently. 2. (1) The word coercion (Noun) means : the action of making somebody do something that they do not want to do, using force or threatening to use force. Look at the sentence : He claimed he had only" acted under coercion. 3. (3) The word compliance (Noun) means : the practice of obeying rules or requests made by people in authority. Its synonym should be obedience. Look at the sentence : Safety measures were carried out in compliance with the existing rules. 4. (1) The word defacto (Adjective) means : existing as a fact although it may not be legally accepted as existing; in fact. Look at the sentence : The general took de facto control of the countiy. 5. (3) The word standstill means : a Situation in which all activity or movement has stopped; halt; inability to proeeed. Look at the sentence : The security alert brought the airporl to a standstill. 6. (1) The word impeccable (Adjective) means : without mistakes or faults; perfect. Its relative antonym should be faulty. Look at the sentence : She was dressed in a suit and an impeccable white shirt. 7. (4) The word submissive (Adjective) means : too Willing to ac-

cept somebody else's authority and Willing to obey them without questioning anything. Its relative antonym should be assertive. Look at the sentence : He expected his daughters to be meek and submissive. 8. (4) The word restraint (Noun) means : a rule, a fact an idea etc.that limits or controls what people can do; seif control. Its relative antonym should be freedom. Look at the sentence : The government has imposed export restraints on some producta. 9. (3) The word swift (Adjective) means : happening or done quickly and immediately. Its relative antonym should be slow. Look at the sentence : The government was swift to deny the rumours. 10. (3) The word contrived (Adjective) means : planned in advance and not natural or genuine. Iis relative antonym should be genuine. Look at the sentence : The book's happy ending seemed contrived. 11. (3) The word benign (Adjective) means : kindly; gentle, not hurting any body, mild. Its antonym should be malignant. 12. (1) Phrase couple with means: to link one thing, Situation etc to another; combine with. Look at the sentence : Overproduction coupled with Talling sales has led to huge losses for the Company. 13. (2) Idiom armed with means : to provide weapons for yourself/ somebody in Order to fight a bat* tle or war; be fully prepared. Look at the sentence : He had armed himself for the meeting with all the latest statistics. 14. (1) Phrase follow up means: to add to something that you have just done by doing something. Look at the sentence : You should follow up your phone call with a letter. 15. (2) If two people go hammer and tongs, they argue or fight with a lot of energy and noise.