Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

Page 320-1

LECTURE 320 DIFFERENTIAL OUTPUT OP AMPS

(READING: AH 384-393, GHLM 808-857) Objective The objective of this presentation is: 1.) Design and analysis of differential output op amps 2.) Examine the problem of common mode stabilization Outline Advantages and disadvantages of fully differential operation Six different differential output op amps Techniques of stabilizing the common mode output voltage Summary

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

P.E. Allen - 2002 Page 320-2

Why Differential Output Op Amps? Cancellation of common mode signals including clock feedthrough Increased signal swing
v1 v2

A t -A A t -A

v1-v2

2A t -2A
Fig. 7.3-1

Cancellation of even-order harmonics Symbol:

vin +

+ -

vout Fig. 7.3-1A

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

Page 320-3

Common Mode Output Voltage Stabilization If the common mode gain not small, it may cause the common mode output voltage to be poorly defined. Illustration:
vod VDD

0
VSS CM output voltage = 0 vod VDD

0
VSS vod VDD

t CM output voltage =0.5VDD

0
VSS

t CM output voltage =0.5VSS

Fig. 7.3-2

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

P.E. Allen - 2002 Page 320-4

Two-Stage, Miller, Differential-In, Differential-Out Op Amp

VDD + VBP -

M8

M6 M4

Cc
vo1 vi1

Rz

M3

Rz

Cc
vi2

vo2

M1 M5 VSS

M2

M9

+ VBN -

M7
Fig. 7.3-3

Output common mode range (OCMR) = VDD+ |VSS| - VSDP(sat) - VDSN(sat) The maximum peak-to-peak output voltage 2OCMR Conversion between differential outputs and single-ended outputs:
+ + vid - + -

+ vod -

CL

+ + vid - -

+ -

Fig. 7.3-4
ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

+ vo2 -

+ vo1 2CL

2CL

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

Page 320-5

Differential-Output, Folded-Cascode, Class-A Op Amp

VDD
M15 M14 M13

M4 M6

M5 M7
R1

vo2

vi1

M1

M2

vi2

vo1

R2 M16 M8 M10 M17

M3 VBias
VSS

M12 M9 M11
Fig. 7.3-5

OCMR = VDD + |VSS| - 2VSDP(sat) -2VDSN(sat)

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

P.E. Allen - 2002 Page 320-6

Two-Stage, Miller, Differential-In, Differential-Out Op Amp with Push-Pull Output

VDD + VBP -

M3
M13

M4 M6
M14

M7 vo1

Cc

Rz
vi1

Rz Cc
M1 M5 VSS M2
vi2

vo2

M9

M10

VBN -

M12

M8
Fig. 7.3-6

Comments: Able to actively source and sink output current Output quiescent current poorly defined

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

Page 320-7

Two-Stage, Differential Output, Folded-Cascode Op Amp

VDD
M12 M14 M10

M4 M6 vi1

M20 M19

M5

M13 M15 M11

M7
R1

vo2
M16

Rz

Cc

M1

M2

vi2
M18

Rz

Cc

vo1
M17

M8

M3
VSS

VBias

M9

Fig. 7.3-7A

Note that the followers M11-M13 and M10-M12 are necessary for level translation to the output stage.

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

P.E. Allen - 2002 Page 320-8

Unfolded Cascode Op Amp with Differential-Outputs

VDD
M7 M21 M9 M5 M3 M4 M6 M20 M10 R2 M15 M23 M13 M11 M8

vo1

vi1
M22

M1 M2

vi2

M19 R1

vo2
M16

M17

VBias
M12

M18

M14

VSS

Fig. 7.3-8

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

Page 320-9

Cross-Coupled Differential Amplifier Stage One of the problems with some of the previous stages, is that the quiescent output current was not well defined. The following input stage solves this problem.
i1
VGS1

i2
VGS2

vi1
VSG3

+ M1 M2 + vGS2 vGS1 + + vSG3 vSG4 M3 M4 i2 i1

vi2
VSG4

Fig. 7.3-9

Operation: Voltage loop vi1 - vi2 = -VGS1+ vGS1 + vSG4 - VSG4 = VSG3 - vSG3 - vGS2 + VGS2 Using the notation for ac, dc, and total variables gives, vi2 - vi1 = vid = (vsg1 + vgs4) = -(vsg3 + vgs2) If M1 = M2 = M3 = M4, then half of the differential input is applied across each transistor with the correct polarity. gm1vid gm4vid gm2vid gm3vid and i2 = - 2 = - 2 i1 = 2 = 2
ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02) P.E. Allen - 2002 Page 320-10

Class AB, Differential Output Op Amp using a Cross-Coupled Differential Input Stage
VDD

M9 M26 M13
vi1

M7 M8
M25 vi2 M24 R1

M10

M1 M2

vo1

M21 M19
R2 M27 M28 + VBias -

M22
M3 M4

M14 vo2

M15

M20 M16

M17

M18

M23 M12
Fig. 7.3-10

M11

M5 VSS

M6

Quiescent output currents are defined by the current in the input cross-coupled differential amplifier.
ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

Page 320-11

Common-Mode Output Voltage Stabilization

VDD

M1

Common-mode M2 feedback circuit

Ro2 io2(source)

Ro1

vo1

io1(source) io1(sink) Ro3 Ro4

vo2

io2(sink)

VSS Model of output of differential output op amp

Fig. 7.3-11

Operation: M1 and M2 sense the common-mode output voltage. If this voltage rises, the currents in M1 and M2 decrease. This decreased current flowing through Ro3 and Ro4 cause the common-mode output voltage to decrease with respect to VSS.
ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02) P.E. Allen - 2002 Page 320-12

Two-Stage, Miller, Differential-In, Differential-Out Op Amp with Common-Mode Stabilization

M10

VDD + VBP
-

M11

M7

M6 M4

Cc
vo1 vi1

Rz

M3

Rz

Cc
vi2

vo2

M1 M5 VSS

M2

M9

+ VBN -

M8
Fig. 7.3-12

Comments: Simple Unreferenced

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

Page 320-13

A Referenced Common-Mode Output Voltage Stabilization Scheme

VDD
M3 M4

vo1

M1 M2

vo2
Vocm

I5
M5

Iocm I6
M6

To correction circuitry

VSS

Fig. 7.3-13

Operation: 1.) The desired common-mode output voltage, Vocm, creates Iocm. 2.) The actual common-mode output voltage creates current I5 which is mirrored to I6 . 3.) If M1 through M4 are matched and the current mirror is ideal, then when Iocm = I6 the actual common-mode output voltage should be equal to the desired commonmode output voltage. 4.) The above steps assume that a correction circuitry exists that changes the commonmode output voltage in the correct manner.
ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02) P.E. Allen - 2002 Page 320-14

Common Mode Feedback Circuits Implementation of common mode feedback circuit:

VDD M3 IBias MC3
Commonmode feedback circuit MC4 IC4 MC2A v1 MC2B MC5 MB v3

M4 I3 I4
v4 Selfresistances of M1-M4 v2

IC3
MC1

VCM

M1 M5

M2

VSS

Fig. 7.3-13A

This scheme can be applied to any differential output amplifier. Caution: Be sure to check the stability of common-mode feedback loops, particularly those that are connected to op amps that have a cascode output. The gain of the common-mode feedback loop can easily reach that of a two-stage amplifier.
ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

Page 320-15

Common Mode Feedback Circuits Continued The previous circuit suffers in performance when the differential output voltage becomes too large and one of the MC2A-MC2B transistors shuts off. The following circuit alleviates this disadvantage:
VDD M3 IBias MC3
Commonmode feedback circuit MC4 IC4 MC2 v3

M4 I3 I4
v4

IC3
MC1

RCM1 v1

RCM2

VCM
MC5 MB

M1 M5

M2

v2

VSS

Fig. 7.3-15New

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

P.E. Allen - 2002 Page 320-16

External Common-Mode Output Voltage Stabilization Scheme for Discrete-Time Applications

1
+ + -

2
vo1
CMbias vo2

1 Ccm 1 Ccm Vocm

Fig. 7.3-14

+ vid - -

Operation: 1.) During the 1 phase, both Ccm are charged to the desired value of Vocm and CMbias = Vocm. 2.) During the 2 phase, the Ccm capacitors are connected between the differential outputs and the CMbias node. The average value applied to the CMbias node will be Vocm.

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 320 Differential Output Op Amps (3/27/02)

Page 320-17

SUMMARY Advantages of differential output op amps: - 6 dB increase in signal amplitude - Cancellation of even harmonics - Cancellation of common mode signals including clock feedthrough Disadvantages of differential output op amps: - Need for common mode output voltage stabilization - Compensation of common mode feedback loop - Difficult to interface with single-ended circuits Most differential output op amps are truly balanced For push-pull outputs, the quiescent current should be well defined Common mode feedback schemes include, - Unreferenced - Referenced

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002