Environmental Management for Hospitality and Tourism

Lecturer: Ajarn Pisit Tuntipisitkul

Group Assignment Members Miss Jiraprapa Puangjit Miss Suchanat Cheecharoen Mr Panhchakmoni Chan Mr Jingyuan Lai Miss Atitaya Monphalsri Mr Chengbai Zhan Miss Nualphal Rakchattai Miss Nalintip Jiwgosol 5330111125 5430112037 5630111055 5530101002 5430111049 5530102005 5430112021 5430112020

Class section 1

Hotel and Airline Business with the Appliance of Environmental Management

Introduction

Environmental is everything surround us that included things that have figure and abstract. Things we can touch and see are mountains, forest, sea and countless number of other things. Also there are thing that cannot be touch and see such as belief, ethical and moral. The environments provide and satisfy us for many things such as water supply, electricity supply or atmosphere. The environmental can create the activities, attraction and destination for tourism industry. In the recent decade, population keeps increasing and requires infrastructure and industry that affect not only the environment but include also the economic and social. Human have relationship with environment, both as a part of nature and while to use the nature for life. The human brought natural resources apply with life seamlessly such to take it for food and shelter. Including apply with the tourism industry, hotels, airports, restaurants, etc. These things do not happen if lack of the primary factors that is the environment that can make the quality of life to be good or bad that depending on the adoption is correct. So everyone have to participate to improve and maintain for reduce the risk that concerned from unhygienic environment The environment that we want to learn is about environmental management in the Hotel and Airline business. Now a day, have many problems that have an impact on to the environment, economic and make people dissatisfaction. The environment that related to hotel business and airline business is so much but we will let you know about resources for the hotel and airline business, how the hotel and airline business create impact, how to solve the problem for maintain, the advantage & disadvantage and why hotel and airline business important to the environment and economic. Moreover, you will know how the environment and economic related to hotel business and airline business. Before you build the hotel or airport, you have to realize the location, where are the best location. You see that it is about the geography, demography and surrounding. So, when you try to think about this, of cause that you have the reason; why you choose that place. The good reason is come from the environment and economic. If your hotel is located in the private land, no earthquake, and famous city, you can gain more profit, easy to cheer up the guest to spend their money more. For the airline business, the location is also very important.

You will know how it is important because it relate to all energy such as gas, water, oil and petroleum that come from the environment. You know that we can't live without energy. The energy is the most important thing. You will know that why it is the most important for hotel industry and airline industry. The reason that they make the condition is not only for protect and prove the environment that they use, but also for their industries or economic system. So, you will know how the industries protect the environment. The last thing, we suggest you to know about our opinions that related in this topic that is the environmental management issues in hotel and airline business. We sincerely hope that this project will prove to be useful to lecturer, student and another that interesting about environmental management issues in hotel and airline business.

Hotel industry and the environment

Hotel business is very important for the tourist. They want accommodation that allows them to experience a beautiful, clean, peaceful destination they chose. Hotel business is influence to the economic, environment and tourism industry. The environment that related to the hotel industry is the environment has been related to hotel industry by direct action or indirect. Hotel must use environment to provide services and satisfy guest needs and wants. Hotel gets a lot of benefit from environment. It has many ways to get the benefit and good results. The main point that we see how they related is pollution. Pollution is the introduction of a contaminant into the environment. It is created mostly by human actions, but can also be a result of natural disasters. Pollution has detrimental effect on any living organism in an environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life. Hotel industry can make air pollution, land pollution, water pollution and then it will cause of greenhouse effect and global warming. This because of it used lot of water and electricity in ways to satisfy its client. Hotel provides services, activities and facilities to guest. All things that hotel gives it to guest sourced from the nature. It will not happen if the environment is polluted. We cannot produce by ourselves but only to manage how to sustain for future demand. Hotel industry makes a big problem of waste. They must over cook for guest every day and every meal, but if the guest doesn't consume or eat a lot, all food must throw always and it is waste. To clear it up, we have to burn it and then what it is going on if it is not pollution. Even hotel is well known but it is business and it is process. Hotel has management or project to help the environment but it cannot solve the problem that they did already. Many hotels don't care about this situation. Not only hotel that must to response on this, it is the responsibility for
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everyone. You are guest and come to get services but you can pay attention on this. High quality of food, good food, and good ingredients can make a lot of money to the hotel because the guests need the best thing for themselves. They can pay their money without thinking if they impressed in foods. Moreover, the benefit that hotel can get from the environment is about the finance. If the hotel is good in located, hotel can sale the room easily. The weather and season is also related to the hotel. Low season, hotel gets less guest but high season gets guest a lot. Good located and good weather are the basic things that guest needs for making the decision in the place to pay their money. It is worth or not. The population around the world increases in every year. It effects to the environment. More population is good for the hospitality industry but not good for the environment. Because the human will consume, use, waste, produce and destroy more and more, and the resource or environment can't satisfy for all of human needs. Finally, all above is only some example that wants to show you how the environment related to hotel industry. It is easy to lose but difficult to turn it back and protect the environment. The factor that make the environment becomes badly is from human or human activities, both of direct action and indirection. Time, technology can be the factor of the environment. Resource is the asset used to produce goods and services that meet human needs and wants. Resources that hotel industry needs, include all materials, money, services, staff or other assets that are transformed to produce benefits. Most of these are provided by natural resources. Hotel used the resource to satisfy guest needs and wants. The resource can accord to the economy and society such as cost of oil, gas, wood, iron, and the overpopulation etc. Hotel needs many things and many resources since to build the hotel until it opens for all guests around the world. Some resource is used and cannot be renewed. People try to look for new one. So, the resource is related to environment and it is related to hotel industry. Everything has the relationship between them. We need environment and we need resources. If we lost something, maybe it won't succeed. In hotel industry, energy and food resource are easily over consumed. After using resources this industry, like others, produce waste. This create a huge impact both the business and environment because wasting these means was money and energy to produce the services and product. In term of energy, including electricity for lighting, cooling or heating and natural gas for cooking, is crucially important. Accommodation client tend to use more energy than normal resident because of the featured facility like hot and cold water supply, HVAC system, mini bars, pool, lighting for spacious room, etc.

Tourists and residents alike require a clean and dependable supply of water for survival including drinking, cooking and cleansing. However, water is integral to the amenities usually expected by tourists, such as swimming pools, landscaped gardens, and golf courses. Water also supports industries such as agriculture that support the tourism industry. Thus, tourists demand more water than local residents on a per capita basis. There are many factors that contribute to the appliance of Environmental Management approach for hotel business. One of the reason is to manage the expenses for the business. Unnecessarily or over consumption of energy and water supply by clients is really hard to control by the staffs because the main priority is to maintain high satisfaction for the guests. Most of them come to enjoy their vacation, stay relax without worrying anything. So it is really important to control their behavior with technology while giving a modernized feature of the hotel. As many hospitality organization now a day have already installed energy efficient equipments and devices. One of those is changing the old fashion incandescent light bulb into Compact fluorescent lighting which use up to 5 times less energy. The lifespan also last around 7 times longer that the older generation. However, the problem is when it reaches its age it will become a major harm to the environment. The reason is it contains mercury that is a toxic element. Since this kind of lighting can save energy at the same time await to clash with nature, scientists have found a new generation of lighting technology that has no toxic material with longer life span. Light Emitted Diodes or just simply LEDs, it is called. The most important thing that interest and encourage the industry to adopt this new product is that it can produces much higher brightness and consumes much less energy. Therefor, the organization can purchase with a smaller amount and later pay much less for energy expense. Even though, there are many good side of this product, the cost of LEDs lighting is still high, which hold back this option. Despite the aid from technology on reducing electricity consumption, human action also considered important. A common issue is not sure which switch for which light. Both guests and staffs need to try turning on until they get it right. The thing is it would be much better to label the switch so there will not confuse about turning on and off the one that is not needed. In day time, lighting for some area of the hotel should be turn off especially the external area and off peak hour. It must be fully in controlled by assigned group. Again, If preferred technology, daylight sensor auto-switch can be a good option but it still need human to regularly check its working state. The reason we need to consider more about lighting is that it creates the beauty and appearance for the hotel. It create the first impression and attraction especially for luxury, boutique and up scale hotel. In the lobby, corridor, kitchen and occupied room; light in turn on
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mostly all the time. When guest step in to the room, the first thing they do is switch on the light. So, it is obvious that electricity consumption is mainly applied to lighting. Therefor, we should take a further concern or if possible, invest with energy efficient lighting equipment. Also, there are more thing that require change to sustain less energy used. HVAC system, water heating and cooling system, television, refrigerator and others electrical devices, play a huge role in energy consumption as well. Many hotels now preferred equipments that are certified as energy efficient, because it will give the company larger profit; due to less excess lost for expenses. In the present days, there are certifier like Energy Star, Energy Saving Trust Recommended, EU Eco-label, Nordic Swan and 5 scale energy saving rated by ministry of energy in Thailand. Energy Star is a standard set by US Department of Energy to apply for manufacturing energy saving product. Equipment that labeled Energy Star like refrigerator saves up to 20% of energy, 10% at least for air conditioner, 30% for television, 41% for dish washer saves and 75% for fluorescent or LEDs lighting. Also in the UK there is an organization that work on the same scheme, called Energy Saving Trust Recommended. Products that have this logo have to passed through the organization strict criteria. Situation in Phuket for example, more that 300 hotels and resort have already built. Also, there are more that appearing on this island. This number is not yet included condominium and new houses. It shows that more and more people will flood to Phuket and plenty of further problems will be occurred. The problem is every country, province or area has a limited resources that can sustain our demand. If there are too many people, the resource would not be capable to meet the consumption. Therefor, importing product will be the first choice. This require transferring or shipping the product from else where that cause more fuel shortage.There will be more clashes to natural environment for both import-export partner and the areas that live along side. Carbon emission will increase to critical state that could harm the health of local people who have to spend their life at those places. The atmosphere will be packed with CO2 from product shipping, airline, traffic congestion. Soon the product cost will rise and local people also have to spend at the same prize as tourist. Hotel business has the advantage and disadvantage that can attract the travelers and can affect to the environment or air pollution, economic system and social or local people. Hotel business make tourist come and spend their time for relax, meeting and another things that they want to do. When they stay at the hotel, they wants not only stay in their room but they want to travel in various destinations that make them enjoy, do the activities in that area, go to shopping, etc. So, the country has increase income or investment for the economic system and local people have the revenue also when have many travelers come to spend their
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money. Hotel business uses many resources such as water, energy and including logistics that make disadvantage to the environment. So, there are many hotel businesses have to manage the resources including the energy to deduct the expenses for maintain the hotel, environment, social and economic. Hotel manager have to train the employee about how to save the energy for save the cost and also give the information to the travelers for make them care about environmental. The most location of hotel comes from the natural resources that damage the habitation of the animals or biodiversity. So, when they want to build the hotel they have to think prudently, look at the location or geography and least affect wildlife. In the hotel have many wastes such as food, paper, water, etc. that have to eliminate or recycle and not affect to the environment and people.

Airline business and the environment

An airline is a company, which provides transportation services through the air for traveling passengers and freight (cargo). Airline service could be classified into intercontinental, intra-continental, domestic, regional, international, which may be operated as scheduled services or charters flight. As the aviation industry growing rapidly in the recent years, it threaten the environmental as the industry has ever done. The main generators of environmental impact the industry associated with are noise and emissions occur from the aircraft engines, which it later contributes to climate change and global dimming. At the late 50s, jet went into civil aviation transport, and aircraft noise caused by the airport area near the public concern and strong dissatisfaction. Governments and international professional organizations began to study the problems of the airport noise. International conference held in London in 1966, to "decrease caused by civil aircraft noise and interference". In 1969, the international civil aviation organization held a special meeting about problem of airport aviation noise, and in 1971 formally adopted titled "the aircraft noise standards and recommended practices" file, as the convention on international civil aviation organization annex 16. The international organization for standardization has made the representation method of aircraft noise around airport, the monitoring of aircraft noise around airport and other international standard file. In 1972, the United Nations conference on the human environment was held in Stockholm to protect expressly instruct the international civil aviation organization, should pay close attention to the airport to its adjacency to the influence of regional environment. The international civil aviation organization in the spirit of the meeting, the aircraft engine emissions objects on the surrounding environment pollution problem, and will be formally adopted in 1971 the aircraft noise standards and recommended practices in the content of
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attachment 16, increased the effluent standards and recommended practices for aircraft engine, adopted in 1981, and changed its name to the airport "environmental protection". 1Aircraft noise Aircraft runtime engine noise, can cause the fatigue damage of aircraft structures, the normal operation of the instrument equipment on the plane and passenger comfort, and the public life and work in the region near the airport and causing interference, and even affect people's health. Therefore, the international civil aviation organization and the producers have to make the civil transport aircraft noise identification method and the maximum permissible value. Aircraft noise evaluation measure of the strength of the aircraft noise, starting from the subjective feeling of the human ear. First is the sound level meter right. According to the human ear to noise subjective reaction feature weighting network design, make the measurement of sound pressure intensity of the sound level meter weight characteristics of sound pressure level of sound level meter rights ", the unit is decibels. Sound level meter right including A, B, C, D four weighting features, main application A levels in the study of noise sound. A sound level of the international civil aviation organization as A screw driver, taken off aircraft under 5700 kg allow noise evaluation unit, and recommend preferred plane is obtained by using the D sound level as the allowable noise evaluation unit ! ! effective perceived noise level approximation of the unit feel noise level. Is the unit of evaluation of aircraft allowing noise level ! ! the calculation of effective perceived noise level. Effective perceived noise level. For low-flying plane, the international civil aviation organization rules effective perceived noise level evaluation of aircraft allow noise evaluation unit, and suggested to adopt A sound level or D sound level of A constant K for EPNL and PNL approximation. The second is the noise tolerance value. The international civil aviation organization provisions on aircraft noise of measuring-point arrangement for: take off the noise measurement point on the runway axis extension along the direction of flight, is 6500 meters from running to take off point. On the Noise measurement point, landing on the runway axis extension cord, direction, 2000 meters away from the entrance of the runway. Line noise measurement point is 650 meters from the runway noise peak point on the axis parallel to the runway. Aviation authority JAA will enable the international civil aviation organization according to the prototype and claim for time, speed, engine type and quantity, total weight of aircraft noise different conditions, such as the permissible value made different provision.

The airport noise assessment aircraft noise influence on the public, at runtime is not only the noise level of flying time at work, and the number of aircraft operation, time, and duration. In order to make the cumulative between noise and disturb public around the airport is, there is a reasonable correlation, some countries in the world and the international civil aviation organization, some methods are studied and developed. The international civil aviation organization recommended total noise exposure level, effective continuous feeling noise level weight and effective continuous feeling noise level, as the airport evaluation of aircraft noise sets the unit of product. Among them, the weighting effective continuous feeling noise level is the aircraft operation according to the different times every day and seasonal change into consideration the factors of the total weighted noise exposure level. And during the day, evening, night feel effective continuous noise level. 2Aircraft engine effluent Including the turbine engine from leakage of fuel and the engine combustion chamber combustion after spewing burning smoke and gas, these substances can cause the pollution of the airport environment. From fuel leakage is in the process of normal flight landing into decline, or in the taxi, due to mechanical causes or improper manipulation and escape and leakage from the hose. Way to prevent is the plane strict inspection, the administrative department for aircraft cannot prevent from fuel leakage, not to run certificate. Fire smoke is the result of the fuel combustion is not complete. Combustion smoke emissions are burning smoke numerical said. Aircraft engine international civil aviation organization normal combustion smoke numerical value is 83.6 up to 0.274. Aircraft engine emissions of burning smoke values should not be greater than the specified value, or that is not qualified. Aircraft engine jet of three kinds of harmful gas, namely unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides are expressed in grams per unit, and have the general international method. Allow its content according to the take off and landing process, any quality of gaseous pollutants, Dp and engine power F up the ratio of the Dp/F up.

Conclusion
Overall, we can assume that hotel business is really important and require in other to develop tourism industry. It give numerous benefits; however, it needs to consume a huge portion of natural resources. Consequently, problems are provoke to threaten the environment. Also for the airline industry, as far as we interest is its benefit for us to travel across the globe. It creates opportunities foe us to explore the world. However, we forget that it provides many
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kind of pollution as much as it is operated. Environmental management is very important because there are many influence to everything and also involve to the human that everyone could maintain for the next generation or another reason to the lives of people, plants and animals.Therefore, it is significant to make change the right in order to save the nature as soon as possible and to ensure we can survive from any expected catastrophe.

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