CONTENTS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Objective Introduction Material and equipmentents Experimental Procedure Precautions Conclusion Result Bibliography

Objective
The objective of this experiment is to determine whether the temperature of a magnet affect its strength.

Introduction
Magnetic fields are produced by electric currents. This could be the familiar electric current flowing in a wire, that you can measure with an ammeter.. Certain materials, called ferromagnetic materials, have unpaired electrons in their outermost atomic orbits that can become magnetically aligned over large distances (relative to the atomic scale). These regions of alignment are called magnetic domains. A current flowing through a coil of wire (the coil is also called asolenoid) creates a stronger magnetic field than the

same current flowing through a straight wire. The magnetic field is strongest at the center of the coil. Each loop in the coil contributes additional strength to the magnetic field. The more loops, the stronger the field. The magnetic field from the coil strongly aligns all of the magnetic domains in the ferromagnetic material, creating a much stronger magnetic field than either the coil or the ferromagnetic material would have alone. Permanent magnets are made from ferromagnetic materials. If a ferromagnetic material is exposed to a strong magnetic field, the magnetic domains within the material will retain at least some of the alignment induced by the external magnetic field. When the temperature of a material is increased, what is happening on the atomic scale is an increase in the random motion of the atoms of which the material is made. Each

ferromagnetic material has a Curie temperature(named after Pierre Curie), above which it can no longer be magnetized. For soft iron, the Curie temperature is over 1,300C! But what happens to the strength of a magnet over a more approachable range of temperatures, for example from the temperature of dry ice (about 78C) to the temperature of boiling water (+100C)? This project shows you how to find out.

Materials and Equipment

To do this experiment you will need the following materials and equipment: Paper clips Small pot Thermometer 4 magnets Plastic or insulated containers Water Ice and dry ice ( frozen carbondioxide) Tongs for holding magnet Thick insulated gloves for handling dry ice Water Stove or hot plate for heating water

 2 large plastic bowls

Experimental Procedure
You will test each magnet at four different temperatures: -75C, the temperature of dry ice (dont try to use the thermometer for this one!), 0C, the temperature of a water ice bath, 20C, room temperature, 100C, the temperature of boiling water. Take the pot and the plastic containers. Now put water into the pot, and ice and dry ice into the plastic containers.

 Next, put the water to boil and started putting a magnet in each container and pot and left one magnet in room temperature. After that take a plastic bowl and put 200 paper clips in it. Then, after 10 minutes had past took each magnet out from each obstacle and put each magnet in the plastic bowl(full of paper clips)for 2 seconds. Finally,count how many paper clips each magnet had for each trial. (4 trials)

PRECAUTIONS
o Wear safety glasses when heating, cooling, and transfering the magnets. Always use tongs for handling magnets at extreme temperatures

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the hypothesis were proven right. Temperature does affect the strength of a magnet. In this experiment, the magnet that was in the boiling water was the most affected magnet out of all. It was the most affected because it got less paper clips than the others. Meanwhile, the magnet in the dry ice was the one who got the most paper clips, and it seems to be the magnet which got affected the least. It seems to me that the hotter the magnet, the less strength it has, while the colder the magnet the more stength it has. This project is about magnets, and trying to see if temperature affects their strength.

RESULTS
The results were that temperature does affect the strength of a magnet. It seems to be that the magnet in the boiling water was the most affected because it was the one that picked up less paper clips. While the magnet in the dry ice was the one who got the most.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/phy 00/phy00880.htm. Physics a textbook for class 12th. http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/phy 00/phy00880.htm. Physics teacher- Mrs. Jay Prakash Sir