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Code: 9A01703 B.TECH IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2012 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING-II (Civil Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Discuss with neat sketches any two boring methods used in soil exploration. (b) Write a brief note on geophysical method Electrical resistivity method. 2 (a) (b) What is Taylors stability number? How do you use the stability chart? Give the step by step procedure for analyzing the stability of the upstream slope of an earth dam by the Swedish method of slices. Bring out the effect of sudden draw down on stability of slope. Explain the major differences between Rankines and Coulombs theories on lateral earth pressure. A retaining wall a smooth vertical back has to retain a backfill of cohesionless soil up to a height of 5m above G.L. The soil has a void ratio of 0.83 and the specific gravity of soil solids is 2.68. The water table is located at a depth of 2m below the top of the backfill. The soil above the water table is 20% saturated. The angle of internal friction of the soil above and below water table is found to be 320 and 280 respectively. Plot the active earth pressure distribution diagram and determine the magnitude and point of application of the resultant thrust. A masonry retaining wall of trapezoidal section has its top width equal to 0.75 m and height 5m. Its face which is in contact with the retained earth is vertical. The earth retained is level at 3 top. The soil weighs 16 kN/m and its angle of internal friction is 30. The masonry weighs 3 24 kN/m . Determine the minimum width of the base to avoid tensile stresses and also determine the maximum and minimum compressive stresses for this base width. If the coefficient of friction between base and the soil is 0.60, check the stability of the retaining wall against sliding. (a) (b) What are the differences between Terzaghis bearing capacity theory and Meyerhofs bearing capacity theory? Explain with neat sketches. Find the ultimate bearing capacity of wall footing, given: width of footing = 1.2 m, depth of footing =1.0m; depth of water table below ground surface = 1.5 m. For the foundation soil, 2 unconfined compressive strength is 48 kN/m , = 20 (Nc = 14, Nq = 6.7 and 2.8) How do you correlate the plate load test data to the actual foundations? A square footing 2.5m size is placed at a depth of 1.5m in a sandy soil deposit which has the corrected N value of 30. The water table is at a depth of 2m from the ground surface. Find the net allowable soil pressure if i. The desired factor of safety is 3.0 and ii. The permissible settlement is 40 mm. Use Tengs equations. Discuss various methods of estimating the pile capacity. A square pile group of 9 piles of 25cm diameter is arranged with a pile spacing of 1m. The 2 length of piles is 9m. Unit cohesion of the clay is 75 kN/m : Neglecting bearing at the tip of the piles determine the group capacity. Assume adhesion factor of 0.75. What are the various components of a well foundation? Discuss them in detail. State the problems associated with well sinking and its remedial measures.

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Code: 9A01703

B.TECH IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2012 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING-II (Civil Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Describe open excavation methods of exploration. What are their advantages and disadvantages? (b) Explain what is meant by disturbed and undisturbed samples. How is the degree of disturbance measured? 2 (a) (b) What is Taylors stability number? How do you use the stability chart? Give the step by step procedure for analyzing the stability of the upstream slope of an earth dam by the Swedish method of slices. Bring out the effect of sudden draw down on the stability of slope. Explain the similarities and differences between the Coulombs and the Rankines classical theories of earth pressure. 2 A retaining wall 8m high with a smooth vertical back retains a dry backfill with c=15 kN/m ; 3 = 15 and =18 kN /m . Calculate the total active thrust, passive thrust, depth of tension crack and point of application of active thrust. A trapezoidal masonry retaining wall of 1m width at top and 3m width at its bottom is 4m high. The vertical face has retaining soil ( = 30) at a surcharge angle of 20 with the horizontal. Determine the maximum and minimum intensities of pressure at the base of the retaining wall. 3 3 Unit weights of soil and masonry are 20 kN/m and 24 kN/m respectively. Assuming the coefficient of friction at the base of the wall as 0.45, determine the factor of safety against overturning. (a) (b) What are the criteria for deciding the depth of foundation? Write short notes on factors affecting bearing capacity of soil. A strip footing 1.5m wide is supported on soil with its base at a depth of 1.2m below ground surface. The soil properties are as under: 2 3 3 c' = 20 kN/m , = 20, =18 kN/m and =10 kN /m .

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Describe how a standard penetration test is performed in a cohestionless soil. Give all the specifications of the test. What corrections are needed to be applied and specify the reasons? Write notes on allowable settlements of various structures. Explain briefly how the load carrying capacity of a pile is determined using pile load test. 2 A symmetrical 16 pile group in soft clay with unconfined compressive strength of 40kN/m is to be used as foundation for a column. The piles are 300mm in diameter and 10m long and spaced at 900mm center-to-center. Determine the maximum load the group can carry with the piles falling (i) individually and (ii) as a block. What are the different shapes of foundation wells, and what are their comparative merits and demerits? Enumerate the various forces which act on a foundation well.

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Code: 9A01703

B.TECH IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2012 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING-II (Civil Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Explain and discuss the various factors that help to decide the number and depth of bore holes required for subsoil exploration. (b) A sampling tube has an outer diameter of 75 mm and wall thickness of 1.7 mm. Find the ratio of areas of the tube, and comment on whether the tube could be used for obtaining undisturbed soil samples. 2 (a) (b) Explain step by step the standard methods of slices for the analysis of stability of slopes. How do you locate the centre of critical circles in case of: i. Cohesive soils and ii. Cohesionless soils. Explain clearly the differences between active earth pressure and passive earth pressure. What is meant by the critical depth of vertical cut for a soil? 3 A retaining wall with soft, saturated clay backfill is 6m high. The unit weight of clay is 16kN/m Discuss with neat sketches various types of retaining walls. What are the design criteria to be satisfied for stability of a gravity retaining wall? Indicate briefly how you will ensure the same. Bring out clearly the effect of ground water table on the safe bearing capacity. What are the difference between Terzaghi bearing capacity theory and Meyerhof bearing capacity theory? What are the limitations of plate load test? Discuss them. Proportion a square footing to carry a load of 1500 KN from a column. The depth of foundation is to be kept at 2m below ground surface. Maximum settlement of the footing is 40mm and a factor of safety of 3 is required against shear failure. The subsoil is sand with an average corrected N value of 18 as established from borings. Water table is at a large depth. Use Tengs correlations. What is the basis on which the dynamic formulae are derived? Mention two well known dynamic formulae and explain the symbols involves. A 4X4 pile group in square pattern consists of 400mmx400mmx20m long concrete piles placed at 1.0m center-to-center. The soil profile consists of 8m of soft clay (c =25kPa, adhesion factor = 0.9) underlain by 20m of medium stiff clay (c =50kPa, adhesion factor =0.8). Estimate the safe bearing capacity of the pile group with a factor of safety of 3.0. Discuss the various forces acting on a well foundation. Explain the process of sinking of an open well.

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Code: 9A01703 B.TECH IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2012 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING-II (Civil Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) Describe with the help of a neat sketch the wash boring method of subsoil exploration. In what type of soils this method is recommended? What are the limitations of this method? (b) Discuss briefly the methods of taking undisturbed samples in i. Non-cohesive soil and ii. Cohesive soil. 2

(a) How a slope is analyzed using Swedish circle method? Derive an expression for the factor of safety. (b) An embankment 10m high is inclined at an angle of 36 to the horizontal. A stability analysis by the method of slices gives the following forces per running meter: Shearing forces =450 kN; Normal forces =900 kN; Neutral forces = 216kN. The length of the failure arc is 27m. Laboratory tests on the soil indicate the effective values c and as 20 kN/m2 and 18, respectively. Determine the factor of safety of the slope with respect to (a) shear strength and (b) cohesion. (a) What are the various types of earth pressures? Give field example for each type. (b) A 10m high retaining wall with smooth vertical back supports a horizontal backfill = 33, c=25kPa, density above water table 15Kn/m3 and below water table 18Kn/m3. The water table is at a depth of 3m below the surface of the backfill. The backfill supports a surcharge of 10kPa. Determine the magnitude and line of action of passive earth pressure. Determine the net ultimate bearing capacity and the safe bearing capacity using Terzaghis equation for general shear failure when water table is at the level of the base of the footing. Take factor of safety =2.5. For = 20, assume NC =15, Nq =6.4 and N = 5.4. Design a gravity retaining wall, 5m high, with vertical back to retain a dry cohesionless backfill of unit weight 18 Kn/m3 and angle of shearing resistance 28. Find also the factor of safety against sliding assuming the angle of friction between the base of the wall and the foundation soil as 30. The wall is to be 1.2m wide at top, and to be constructed of brick masonry having unit weight 20 kN/m3. Use Rankines theory.

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(a) Discuss the various types of foundations and their selection with respect to different situations. (b) Write down Skemptons equations which can help us to determine the bearing capacity in clays for a footing having depth more than the width if, (i) footing is a strip footing, (ii) footing is circular, and (iii) footing is rectangular. Contd. in page 2 Page 1 of 2

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Code: 9A01703 6

(a) What are the corrections to be applied to observed SPT value and why? (b) Determine the allowable bearing capacity of a 2m square footing placed at a depth of 1.5m in a sand deposit of uniform weight 20 kN/m3 with an average corrected SPT value of 27. Water table is at 2m from the ground level. Assume a factor of safety 3 against a shear failure and maximum allowable settlement of 40mm. (a) Discuss various dynamic formulae. What are their limitations and validity? (b) Using a drop hammer of 20 Kn capacity and the height of drop being 4m, the average penetration over the last 5 blows was 10 mm. Determine the allowable load on the pile using engineering news formula. (a) Discuss the different shapes of cross-sections of wells used in practice, giving the merits and demerits of each. (b) Discuss the various kinds of forces likely to act on a well foundation. *****

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