LTE Cell Planning

11 70% 1.25 3

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The general process includes information collection, pre-planning, detailed planning, and cell planning. In the cell planning, main concerns are frequency planning, TA

planning, PCI planning, and PRACH planning.

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There are several new frequency band options for LTE, some of which are available now or should be within the next few years. These include the 700MHz, AWS (Advanced Wireless

Services) and 2.6GHz bands, as well as the re-use of existing GSM 900MHz and 1800MHz bands. In addition, due to poor harmonization, there are other spectrum bands available, including: 850MHz, 1500MHz, 1700MHz and 1900MHz.

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LTE Cell Planning

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Application scenario: Adapt to situations with integrated operator frequency resources and consecutive frequency bands. If the frequency point bandwidth is wide (>=10MHz), it

can be used as the initial network construction mode of the urban or densely-populated urban areas. Basically satisfy the phase one capacity requirements. Use relatively narrow frequency point bandwidth (<=10MHz) to implement wide coverage of suburban and rural areas; thus reducing the initial network construction cost.

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LTE Cell Planning

Application scenario:

Adapt to situations that the operator frequency resources are rich or frequency

bands dispersed and bandwidth is narrow.

The system capacity is dependent on the bandwidth of single frequency point. If the bandwidth of frequency point is wide (>=5MHz), it can be used on initial network construction of dense or common urban. If the bandwidth of frequency

point is narrow (<5MHz), it can be used on coverage of suburban and rural areas.

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LTE Cell Planning

ICIC is a technology that mitigates inter-cell interference together with the scheduling and power control technologies. ICIC is applied at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer.

ICIC restricts highly interfering CEUs within the orthogonal bands at the edge of cells or schedules the CEUs in neighboring cells at different points of time. In this way, ICIC mitigates inter-cell interference, increases the CEU throughput, and improves the system coverage. This document provides the details on ICIC.

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LTE Cell Planning

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TA: Similar to the location area and routing area in 2G/3G networks, the tracking area (TA) is used for paging. TA planning aims to reduce location update signaling caused

by location changes in the LTE system.

TA list : A list of TAIs that identify the tracking areas that the UE can enter without performing a tracking area updating procedure. The TAIs in a TAI list assigned by an MME to a UE pertain to the same MME area. In LTE system, if an UE changes the TAs in the TAI list, TA update wont be triggered.

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LTE Cell Planning

In the Los Angles, there are several independent density area that connected by the main road (like island) . The UE may go across the different area through this road.

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In this scenario, users are average distributed in each area

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A TA coverage should be proper setting according to the capability of EPC When the suburban area and urban area are covered discontinuously, an independent TA

is used for the suburban area.

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LTE Cell Planning

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PCI: Physical Cell ID, is used to generate scrambling code to identify the different cell

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PCI: Physical Cell ID, is used to generate scrambling code to identify the different cell

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Differences between a scrambling code and a PCI: The scrambling code ranges from 0 to 511 whereas the PCI ranges from 0 to 503. In addition, the protocols do not have

specific requirements for scrambling code planning. Therefore, only the reuse distance needs to be ensured in scrambling code planning. For PCI planning, however, 3GPP protocols require that the value of PCI/3 should be 0, 1, or 2 in each eNB.

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PCI: Physical Cell ID, is used to generate scrambling code to identify the different cell

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A CP is a copy of the end of an OFDM symbol to the start position of the symbol. Each CP generates a guard interval between two OFDM symbols.

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The symbol energy that can be captured by the OFDM receiver depends on the CP length:

If the CP is longer than the multipath delay of an OFDM symbol, the OFDM

receiver can capture all energy of the symbol.

If the CP is shorter than the multipath delay of an OFDM symbol, the OFDM receiver can capture only some energy of the symbol.

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LTE Cell Planning

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The random access procedure is used in various scenarios, including initial access, handover, or re-establishment. Like other 3GPP systems the random access procedure

provides a method for contention and non-contention based access. The PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) includes RA (Random Access) preambles generated from ZC (Zadoff-Chu) sequences.

There are five preamble formats defined which four of them are for FDD

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Other preamble formats then Format 0 and Format 4 (TDD) are available only with the LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius feature.

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c = speed of light (300000km/h)

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* in fact, with the lowest configuration, where we assume maximum cell radius of 790m we assign only one value per cell. Further explanation on following slides.

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PRACH configuration is defined by the following parameters

Root sequence, setting in the eNodeB Ncs: Automatically setting based on the cell radius configuration PRACHfrequency offset: Scheduled by eNodeB High speed flag: Indicate whether the cell is for high speed

All the parameters all carried by Sib2

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Calculations:

ZeroCorrZone 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Ncs 839 13 15 18 22 26 32 38 46 59 76 93 119 167 279 419

Preamble Format 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1

T_GT ( m s) 715.625 96.875 96.875 96.875 96.875 96.875 96.875 96.875 96.875 96.875 96.875 96.875 196.875 196.875 515.625 515.625

Max Delay Max Cell Radius Max Cell Radius Spread [ m s] (according to T_GT) [km] (according to Ncs) [km] 16.666 5.208 5.208 5.208 5.208 5.208 5.208 5.208 5.208 5.208 5.208 5.208 5.208 5.208 16.666 16.666 107.344 14.531 14.531 14.531 14.531 14.531 14.531 14.531 14.531 14.531 14.531 14.531 29.531 29.531 77.344 77.344 117.214 0.792 1.078 1.507 2.079 2.651 3.510 4.368 5.512 7.371 9.803 12.234 15.953 22.818 37.119 57.143

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Here is an another example for the root sequence planning, suppose the cell radius is 10km

The Ncs value is determined by the cell radius. If the cell radius is 9.8 km, the Ncs value is 76
The value of 839/76 is rounded down to 11, that is, each index can generate 11 preamble sequences. In this case, six root sequence indexes are required

to generate 64 preamble sequences.

The number of available root sequence indexes is 139 (0, 6, 12828) The available root sequence indexes are assigned to cells. The assignment principles are similar to those for PCIs.

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Meaning: Indicates the ratio of UL subframes to DL subframes in a TDD cell. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.211.

GUI Value Range: SA0(SA0), SA1(SA1), SA2(SA2), SA3(SA3), SA4(SA4), SA5(SA5), SA6(SA6)
Unit: None Actual Value Range: SA0, SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5, SA6

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