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PRIFYSGOL ABERTAWE SWANSEA UNIVERSITY College of Engineering

JANUARY 2012

EG-180

INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS ENGINEERING


LEVEL 1
University calculators permitted only Graph Paper provided Translation dictionaries are not permitted, but an English dictionary may be borrowed from the invigilator on request.

Time allowed:

2 hours Answer THREE questions

Please insert any standard constants here.

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1.

(a) State Hookes law. Write an expression for Youngs modulus (E), defining each term in the equation. (7 marks)

From the engineering stress-engineering strain results provided below, determine the following: (b) The modulus of elasticity (4 marks) (c) The proof stress at a strain offset of 0.02 (4 marks) (d) The maximum load that can be sustained by a cylindrical specimen having an original diameter of 12.8mm (5 marks) (e) The change in length of a specimen originally 250mm long that is subjected to a tensile stress of 250 MPa. (5 marks)

350.00

E n g in e e rin g s tre s s (M P a )

300.00 250.00
Engineering stress (MPa)

200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 0

350.00 300.00 250.00 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04

Engineering Strain

0.1

Engineering Strain

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

TURN OVER

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2.

(a) A square section metal bar measures 100mm x 10mm x 10mm. This bar extends elastically by 0.01mm under a tensile load of 2kN. At the same time, the width contracts by 0.00033mm. Calculate the Poissons ratio () for this metal. (7 marks) (b) Outline the principles involved in a standard hardness test, commenting briefly on the major differences between a Brinell and a Vickers diamond pyramid hardness test. (9 marks) (c) Outline the principles involved in standard impact testing, outlining the major differences between an Izod and Charpy test. (9 marks)

3.

(a) State Paulings rules for deducing the atomic structure of ionic crystals (b) Draw a face centred cubic (fcc) unit cell showing atom positions. On a separate diagram, draw the (111) plane and list the <110> directions contained within this plane.

(6 marks)

(9 marks) (c) Assuming that the fcc structure can be considered as close packing of spheres in contact, calculate the atomic packing factor (i.e. the fraction of the fcc unit cell occupied by atoms).

(10 marks)

4.

A fibre-reinforced composite contains a volume fraction (V) of aligned fibres with a Youngs modulus (E f ) in a matrix of modulus (E m ), so that the modulus of the composite parallel to the fibre direction E c is given as: VE f +(1-V)E m . A composite beam has a square cross-section, 12mm x 12mm. It is made from polyester, with a modulus of 6 GPa, reinforced with 35% (by volume) glass fibres with a modulus of 110 GPa . The fibres are unidirectional and continuous. If the beam is subjected to an axial force of 25 kN, calculate: (a) The modulus of the composite (b) The stress in the composite bar (c) The strain in the composite (d) The stress on the fibres (e) The load carried by the fibres (f) The stress on the matrix (g) The load carried by the matrix (4 marks) (4 marks) (4 marks) (4 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks)

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