DISEASE CAUSATIVE AGENT MODE OF TRANSMISSION

direct contact with

contaminated secretions
from respiratory passages or
saliva of carrier.
Indirect transmiswsion from
Corynebacterium drinking fountains, cups,
DIPTHERIA diphtheriae toilet seats, toys and others

Protozoan Parasite:
Plasmodium Vivax,
Plasmodium
Falcipicarum, Vectorborne, Zoonotic:
Plasmodium Malariae. mosquito bite by the female
MALARIA Plasmodium Ovale Anopheles with P.vivax, etc.

Contact: food and water

contaminated by stools and
urine of carriers - feces, food,
TYPHOID FEVER Salmonella typhosa flies, fomites, fingers

Ingestion of uncooked or
improperly canned or
BOTULISM Clostridium botulinum preserved food
 Shighella dysentariae,
Flexner, Boydii, Sonne,
Vibrio Comma, Ogawa,
Inaba, El Tor, direct or indirect fecal-oral
DYSENTERY Entamoeba histolyca transmission from a carrier
 DIAGNOSTIC
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS TESTS TREATMENT
Nasal - irritating nasal
discharge, usually
serosanguinous and foul
smelling with excoriated nares
abd upper lip due to frequent
wiping. cervical or submaxillary
glands enlarged
Pharyngeal - sore throat causing Medical care: neutralize toxins -
dysphagia, fever in which antidiphtheria serum after negative skin
prostration is pronounced, test, epinephrine/corticosteroid,
pseudomembrane in the soft penicillin, thacheostomy,
palate, uvula and tonsils. Bull endotracheostomy
neck appearance. Shick test, Moloney's Nursing care: CBR up to 2 weeks,
Laryngeal - aphonia, weezing on test, nose and throat maintain patent airway - suctioning,
expiration, dyspnea, swab positioning
Cold Stage(10 to 15 mins - chills,
shivers and shakes, chattering of
the teeth, cool skin with Medical Care : Quinine, Aralen,
gooseflesh. Hot Primaquine, Pansidan, Atabrine.
Stage - (4 to 6 hours) - recurring Nursing Care : During cold stage -
high fever, severe headache, provide blanket, warm drinks, warm bath
nausea, vomitting, abdominal During Hot stage - tepid sponge bath,
pain, face is blue and pinched alcohol rub, cold compress, loose
Diaphoretic Malaria Smear, clothing During
Stage - excessive sweating, Quantitative Buffy Doaphoretic stage: keep patient dry,
weakness, pallor Coat increase fluid intake
Prodromal stage: headache,
malaise, chills, fever, body
aches, vomitting, diarrhea
Fastigeal/Pyrexial stage:
exanthem - rose spots, ladder-
like fever, enlarged spleen,
typhoid psychoses - coma-vigil
look, difficulty sticking out
tongue, carphologia, subsultus
tendinum, constant tendency to
slip down toward foot of bed
Defenescence stage: intestinal
hemorrhage and perforation,
cough and hypostatic congestion
of the lungs, pneumonia, Blood culture - during
leukopenia prodromal stage -
Lysis/convalescent stage: signs Widal test, typhoid. Medical care: Chloromycetin
and symptoms subside but Urine culture Nursing Care: regulation of the diet,
patient is still vulnerable to fatal Stool Culture prevention of dehydration, hygiene and
relapse comfort

extreme weakness, dizziness, Medical care: fluid, electrolytes,

difficulty in breathing, swallowing potassium.
and speaking, marked vertigo, Nursing care: CBR and comfort
disturbances of vision Stool culture measures
Bacillary: chills, fever, nausea,
vomitting, tenesmus, mucoid and
bloody diarrhea, constipation,
extreme thirst and rapid
dehydration
Cholera: acute colicky pains,
mild diarrhea, mental
depression, headache, vomitting,
fever, extreme thirst, thickly
furred tongue, violent cramps in
lower extremities, shrivelled
face, sunken eyes, ashy skin
Amoebic:
vomitting, tenesmus, severe
abdominal cramps, diarrhea
alternating with constipation, Medical Care: IV therapy, antibiotics
stools are mucopurulent, foul- Stool Exam or antiprotozoan agent
smelling and with bloody streaks Rectal Swab Nursing Care: rehydration