Cytokines

Cytokine Source Target/Effect Other

TNF (Tumor MØ, T-cells Endothelial: activation (inflamm, coag, vascular Acute inflammatory
Necrosis leak) response to Gram(-)
Factor) Neutrophils: activation bacteria
Hypothalamus: fever
Liver: synth acute phase proteins
Muscle/Fat: catabolism (cachexia)
Many cell types: apoptosis
IL-1 MØ, endothelial cells, Endothelial: activation (inflamm, coag) “Hot
some epithelial cells Hypothalamus: fever
Liver: synth acute phase proteins
Recruits leukocytes via chemokine production
IL-2 TH cells Effector T-cell: proliferation** T-
T-Reg: growth and survival ↑↑ expression of B7
NK cells, B-cells: proliferation and differentiation
IL-3 T-cells (CD4+) Promotes expansion of immature marrow Multilineage Colony
progenitors of all blood cells Stimulating Factor
(Multi-CSF)
Bone
IL-4 TH2 cells TH2 cell differentiation from naïve CD4+ precursors StE-
Stimulation of IgE from B-cells
Suppression of IFN-γ dependant MØ fxns
IL-5 TH2 cells, mast cells Eosinophils: growth and differentiation and -Ak”
activation of mature eosinophils
B-Cells: promotes differentiation and IgA class
switching
IL-6 MØ, endothelial cells, T- Liver: Synth of acute phase proteins
cells B-cells: proliferation of Ab producing cells
IL-8 MØ Neutrophils: recruitment “clean up on aisle 8”
IL-10 MØ, T-cells (TH2) Macrophages: inhibition of IL-12 production, ↓ Potent anti-
expression of co-stimulators and MHC-II inflammatory
IL-12 MØ, dendritic cells NK and T-cells: IFN-γ synth, ↑ cytosolic activity
T-cells: TH1 differentiation
IL-13
IL-15 MØ NK and T-cells: proliferation
IL-18 MØ NK and T-cells: IFN-γ synth
IFN-α, -β α- MØ All Cells: antiviral state, ↑ MHC-I expression
β- Fibroblasts NK cells: activation
IFN-γ NK cells, T-cells Macrophage: activation
Stimulation of some Ab responses
Suppress IL-4
TGF-β Activated T-cells (CD4+), T-cells: inhibit proliferation and differentiation
MØ, others MØ: inhibit activation
Counteract effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Complements
Eicosanoids, Phagocytes, MØ, others Phagocyte recruitment and activation
NO, ROI Microbial killing
Defensins Phagocytes, MØ, others Lyse microbes Small cationic
peptides
Acute Phase Liver (from IL-6 stim) Bind to microbes and enhance phagocytosis, stim
Reactants phagocyte recruitment and activation